Algorithm and Programming (Array)

Adam Mukharil Bachtiar
English Class
Informatics Engineering 2011
Algorithms and Programming
Array

Steps of the Day
Let’s Start
Definition of
Array
One Dimension
Array
Two
Dimensions
Array

Definition of Array
All About Array

BackgroundofArray
I need a program to process students data but i
want it to keep all data temporary in memory
so i can use it until the program is shut down.

WhatisArray
Data structure that saves a group of
variables which have same type.

IlustrationofArray
An Array was named bil, has integer type,
and consists of five elemens.
SUBSCRIPT / INDEX

TypesofArray
• One Dimension Array
• Two Dimensions Array
• Many Dimensions Array (i will not explain THIS!!!)

One Dimension Array
Definition and Structures of One Dimension Array

WhatisOneDimensionArray
Array that only has one subscript / index.

DeclarationofOneDimension
Array
• As variable
• As user-defined data type
• Define size of array as constant

Declaration As Variable (Algorithm)
Kamus:
NamaArray : array [1..MaxSize] of TipeData
Contoh:
Kamus:
bil : array [1..5] of integer
NamaDosen : array [1..20] of string
Pecahan : array [1..100] of real

Declaration As Variable (Pascal)
var
NamaArray : array [1..MaxSize] of TipeData;
Contoh:
var
bil : array [1..5] of integer;
NamaDosen : array [1..20] of string[30];
Pecahan : array [1..100] of real;

Declaration As User-Defined Data Type (Algorithm)
Kamus:
type
NamaArray = array [1..MaxSize] of TipeData
NamaVariabel_1:NamaArray

Contoh:
Kamus:
type
bil = array [1..5] of integer
bilbulat:bil
bilpositif:bil

type
NamaArray = array [1..MaxSize] of TipeData;
var
NamaVariabel_1:NamaArray;
Declaration As User-Defined Data Type (Pascal)

Contoh:
type
bil = array [1..5] of integer;
var
bilbulat:bil;
bilpositif:bil;

Define Size of Array As Constant (Algorithm)
Kamus:
const
MaxSize = VALUE
type
NamaArray = array [1..MaxSize] of TipeData

Contoh:
Kamus:
const
maks = 5
type
bil = array [1..maks] of integer
bilbulat:bil

const
MaxSize = VALUE;
type
NamaArray : array [1..MaxSize] of TipeData;
var
NamaVariabel:NamaArray;
Define Size of Array As Constant (Pascal)

Contoh:
const
maks = 5;
type
bil = array [1..maks] of integer;
var
bilbulat:bil;

GetandsettheValuefrom
Array
To fill and access the value in array, call the name
of array and its subscript that you want to access

IlustrationofSettingand
GettingValueinArray
bil[1]=5  it means fill 5 in [1]
a=bil[2]  a will be filled by 1

Format of Accessing Array (Algorithm)
namaarray[indeks]  nilai
input(namaarray[indeks])
namaarray[indeks]  namaarray[indeks] + 1
output(namaarray[indeks])

Format of Accessing Array (Algorithm)
namaarray[indeks] := nilai;
readln(namaarray[indeks]);
namaarray[indeks] := namaarray[indeks] + 1;
writeln(namaarray[indeks]);

OperationinArray
• Creation
• Traversal
• Searching
• Sorting
• Destroy

ArrayCreation
• Prepare array to be accessed/processed.
Array will be filled with default value.
• For numeric array will be filled with 0 and
for alphanumeric array will be filled with ‘ ’
(Null Character)

Procedure create (output NamaVarArray:NamaArray)
{I.S: elemen array diberi harga awal agar siap digunakan}
{F.S: menghasilkan array yang siap digunakan}
Kamus:
indeks:integer
Algoritma:
for indeks  1 to maks_array do
nama_var_array[indeks] 0 {sesuaikan dengan tipe array}
endfor
EndProcedure
Array Creation (Algorithm)

procedure create (var NamaVarArray:NamaArray);
var
indeks:integer;
begin
for indeks := 1 to maks do
NamaVarArray[indeks] := 0;
end;
Array Creation (Pascal)

ArrayTraversal
The process of visiting all elements of
array one by one, from the first
element until last element.

TraversalProcesses • Fill elements array with data
• Output all elements of array
• Adding data to array
• Insert data in particular index
• Delete data in particular index
• Determine maximum and minimum data in
array
• Count mean value in array

Procedure traversal (I/O NamaVarArray:NamaArray)
{I.S: maksimum array sudah terdefinisi}
{F.S: menghasilkan array yang sudah diproses}
Kamus:
Algoritma:
for indeks  1 to maks do
{proses traversal}
endfor
Terminasi {sifatnya optional}
EndProcedure
General Form for Array Traversal (Algorithm)

procedure traversal(var NamaVarArray:NamaArray);
begin
for indeks := 1 to maks do
{proses traversal yang dipilih}
terminasi {sifatnya optional}
end;
General Form for Array Traversal (Pascal)

DestroytheArray
The process to return value of array
into default value that was given in
array creation.

Algorithm and Programming (Array)

Example of One Dimension Array (Algorithm)
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Algoritma ArrayDasar
{I.S.: Dideklarasikan dua buah array satu dimensi}
{F.S.: Menampilkan array beserta hasil perhitungan}
Kamus:
const
maks=5
type
bil=array[1..maks] of integer
bil1,bil2:bil
i:integer
jumlah,jumlah2:integer

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Algoritma:
{input elemen array}
for i  1 to maks do
input(bil1[i])
endfor
input(bil2[i])
endfor
{output elemen array}
output(bil1[i])
endfor

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output(bil2[i])
endfor
{proses perhitungan array}
jumlah0;
jumlahjumlah+bil1[i]
endfor
output(jumlah)
jumlah20;

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jumlah2jumlah2+bil2[i]
endfor
output(jumlah2)

Example of One Dimension Array (Pascal)
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program ArrayDasar;
uses crt;
const
maks=5;
type
bil=array[1..maks] of integer;
var
bil1,bil2:bil;
i:integer;
jumlah,jumlah2:integer;

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begin
for i:=1 to maks do
begin
write('Masukkan nilai ke bil 1 [',i,'] : ');
readln(bil1[i]);
end;
writeln();
for i:=1 to maks do
begin
write('Masukkan nilai ke bil 2 [',i,'] : ');
readln(bil2[i]);
end;

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for i:=1 to maks do
begin
writeln('Bil 1[',i,'] = ',bil1[i]);
end;
writeln();
for i:=1 to maks do
begin
writeln('Bil 2[',i,'] = ',bil2[i]);
end;

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{proses perhitungan array}
writeln();
jumlah:=0;
for i:=1 to maks do
begin
jumlah:=jumlah+bil1[i];
end;
writeln('Jumlah elemen array bil 1 = ',jumlah);
writeln();
jumlah2:=0;
for i:=1 to maks do
begin

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jumlah2:=jumlah2+bil2[i];
end;
writeln('Jumlah elemen array bil 2 = ',jumlah2);
writeln();
write('Tekan sembarang tombol untuk menutup...');
readkey();
end.

Two Dimensions Array
Definition and Structures of Two Dimensions Array

WhatisTwoDimensionsArray
Array that has two subscripts in its
declaration. It often was called matrix.

IlustrationofTwoDimensions
Array

Declaration As Variable (Algorithm)
Kamus:
NamaArray : array [1..MaxBaris,1..MaxKolom] of TipeData
Contoh:
Kamus:
matriks : array [1..5,1..5] of integer

Declaration As Variable (Pascal)
var
NamaArray : array [1..MaxBaris,1..MaxKolom] of TipeData;
Contoh:
var
matriks: array [1..5,1..5] of integer;

Kamus:
type
NamaArray = array [1..MaxBaris,1..MaxKolom] of TipeData

Contoh:
Kamus:
type
matriks = array [1..5,1..5] of integer
matriks1:matriks

type
NamaArray = array [1..MaxBaris,1..MaxKolom] of TipeData;
var

Contoh:
type
matriks = array [1..5,1..5] of integer;
var
matriks1:bil;
matriks2:bil;

Kamus:
const
MaxBaris = VALUE1
MaxKolom = VALUE2
type
NamaArray = array [1..MaxBaris,1..MaxKolom] of TipeData

Contoh:
Kamus:
const
MaksBaris = 5
MaksKolom = 5
type
matriks = array [1..MaksBaris,1..MaksKolom] of integer
matriks1,matriks2:bil

const
MaxBaris = VALUE1;
MaxKolom = VALUE2;
type
NamaArray : array [1..MaxBaris,1..MaxKolom] of TipeData;
var
NamaVariabel:NamaArray;

Contoh:
const
MaksBaris = 5;
MaksKolom = 5;
type
matriks = array [1..MaksBaris,1..MaksKolom] of integer;
var
bilbulat:bil;

OperationinTwoDimensions
Array
Operation in two dimensions array is same
as operation in one dimensions array.

Procedure create (output NamaVarArray:NamaArray)
{I.S: elemen array diberi harga awal agar siap digunakan}
{F.S: menghasilkan array yang siap digunakan}
Kamus:
i,j:integer
Algoritma:
for i  1 to MaksBaris do
for j 1 to MaksKolom do
nama_var_array[i,j]  0 {sesuaikan dengan tipe array}
endfor
endfor
EndProcedure
Array Creation (Algorithm)

procedure create (var NamaVarArray:NamaArray);
var
i,j:integer;
begin
for i := 1 to MaksBaris do
begin
for j := 1 to MaksKolom do
NamaVarArray[i,j] := 0;
end;
end;
Array Creation (Pascal)

Procedure traversal (I/O NamaVarArray:NamaArray)
{I.S: maksimum array sudah terdefinisi}
{F.S: menghasilkan array yang sudah diproses}
Kamus:
Algoritma:
for j  1 to MaksKolom do
{proses traversal}
endfor
endfor
Terminasi {sifatnya optional}
EndProcedure
General Form for Array Traversal (Algorithm)

procedure traversal(var NamaVarArray:NamaArray);
begin
for i := 1 to MaksBaris do
begin
for j := 1 to MaksKolom do
{proses traversal yang dipilih}
end;
terminasi {sifatnya optional}
end;
General Form for Array Traversal (Pascal)

Example of Two Dimensions Array (Algorithm)
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Algoritma ArrayDasar
{I.S.: Dideklarasikan dua buah array dua dimensi}
{F.S.: Menampilkan isi array}
Kamus:
const
MaksBaris=5
MaksKolom=5
type
bil=array[1..MaksBaris,1..MaksKolom] of integer
matriks1,matriks2:bil
i,j:integer

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Algoritma:
input(bil1[i,j])
endfor
endfor
input(bil2[i,j])
endfor
endfor

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output(bil1[i,j])
endfor
endfor
output(bil1[i,j])
endfor
endfor

Example of Two Dimensions Array (Pascal)
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program ArrayDuaDimensiDasar;
uses crt;
const
MaksBaris=3;
MaksKolom=3;
type
matriks = array[1..MaksBaris,1..MaksKolom] of
integer;
var
matriks1,matriks2:matriks;
baris,kolom:integer;

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begin
{input matriks}
writeln('Input Matriks Pertama');
for baris:=1 to MaksBaris do
begin
for kolom:=1 to MaksKolom do
begin
gotoxy(kolom*5+1,baris+3);
readln(matriks1[baris,kolom]);
end;
end;
writeln();
writeln('Input Matriks Kedua');

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begin
begin
readln(matriks2[baris,kolom]);
end;
end;
{output matriks}
clrscr();
writeln('Output Matriks Pertama');

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begin
begin
write(matriks1[baris,kolom]);
end;
end;
writeln();writeln();
writeln('Output Matriks Kedua');
begin

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begin
write(matriks2[baris,kolom]);
end;
end;
writeln();
write('Tekan sembarang tombol untuk menutup...');
readkey();
end.

Contact Person:
Adam Mukharil Bachtiar
Informatics Engineering UNIKOM
Jalan Dipati Ukur Nomor. 112-114 Bandung 40132
Email: adfbipotter@gmail.com
Blog: http://adfbipotter.wordpress.com
Copyright © Adam Mukharil Bachtiar 2011

Algorithm and Programming (Array)

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