5 xsl (formatting xml documents)

Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Atul Kahate [email_address]

Agenda Stylesheets Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) XSL Transformations (XSLT)

Style Sheets Basics XML concentrates on the structure of information Normally, the appearance of information is secondary Sometimes, it is necessary to format XML information so as to view it in a particular manner This is called as styling an XML document

Style Sheets Formatting instructions for XML documents are organized/grouped These organized instructions are called as style sheets A style sheet can be applied to view a particular XML document in a specific format

Standards For XML Styling Two main standards Developed by W3C CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) XSL (XML Stylesheet Language)

CSS versus XSL CSS Approach XSL Approach XML Document CSS Style Sheet XML Document XSL Style Sheet HTML Document

CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) Originally developed for HTML Browsers that support XML also work well with CSS CSS Set of rules that tells the browser about display information e.g. which fonts to use, what size, style, margins, etc

Need for CSS HTML is a display-oriented language CSS was still developed in addition to HTML -- Why? HTML became quite complex over the years Adding more and more elements to HTML was not a viable option CSS was developed to separate HTML elements from precisely how they should be styled

CSS Terminology Style sheets are used to define rules A rule is composed of two parts Selector (Element to which the rule applies) Declaration (Attributes and values) Example PARA {FONT: 12pt “Times New Roman”} Here, PARA is the selector, the rest is the declaration

Example of CSS Syntax section.title { font-family: Palatino, Garamond, “Times New Roman”, serif; font-size: 10pt; margin: 5px; display: block; font-style: italic }

DTD and Stylesheet Example - 1 Consider a MEMO DTD … <!DOCTYPE MEMODTD [ <!ELEMENT MEMO (TO, FROM, SUBJECT, BODY)> <!ELEMENT TO (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT FROM (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT SUBJECT (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT BODY (#PCDATA)> ]>

DTD and Stylesheet Example - 2 Suppose we want to do the following Display the elements TO, FROM, and SUBJECT in bold along with their contents Display the entire memo in Times New Roman font with size as 12 points, and margin of 1 line Use the stylesheet as follows

DTD and Stylesheet Example - 3 CSS declaration follows … MEMO {font-family: “Times New Roman”, “Book Antigua”, serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: lin } TO, FROM, SUBJECT {font-weight: bold}

Sample XML Document <?xml version=“1.0”?> <?xml-stylesheet href=“article.css” type=“text/css”?> <article> <title> Style Sheets Example </title> <section> <p> This example illustrates how style sheets can be applied to XML documents. </p> </section> <section> <title> Styling </title> <p> Style sheets format XML documents in a desired manner. </p> </section> </article>

Corresponding CSS Document /* a simple style sheet */ article { font-family: Palatino, Garamond, “Times New Roman”, serif; font-size: 18pt; margin: 5px } article, p, title { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px } article title { font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold } section title { font-size: 20pt; font-style: italic }

Understanding CSS Example - 1 /* a simple style sheet */ article { font-family: Palatino, Garamond, “Times New Roman”, serif; font-size: 18pt; margin: 5px; } Comments are enclosed between /* and */ The above declaration specifies the formatting of the entire contents of the article element

Understanding CSS Example - 2 article, p, title { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; } In addition to the basic definition applied to the article element, this defines more styles for article , p , and title elements

Understanding CSS Example - 3 article title { font-size: 24pt; font-weight: bold; } section title { font-size: 20pt; font-style: italic; } Specify attributes for the title element within article and within section separately

Exercise Consider employee information to be stored in the following format in an XML file: Employee ID Employee Name Salary Department Create CSS to use different fonts, font sizes, font colors as per your choice

Programming Language Classification Imperative Languages Set some variables, call methods, use operators that change value, etc C, C++, Java, C# Declarative or Functional Languages Perform logical operations using declarations, rather than writing code Prolog, XSLT

Recursion Using recursion, imperative languages such as Java can behave like declarative languages such as XSLT Example public int factorial(int number) { if (number <= 1) return 1; return number * factorial(number-1); }

Recursion and XSL: When? When we have a set of repeating values in the source XML and we want the transformation result to reflect something about all of those values. For example, if you have a catalog of items in XML and want to present those items along with the price for all of the items, you would have to find that total price using a recursive template. When the source XML contains a number x in a tag, for example <countTo number="5"/>, and you want to present some information that same x number of times in the transformation output.

XSL Terminologies XSL, XSLT, XSLFO, XPath, XPointer, Stylesheet, Template, …

XSL (XML Stylesheet Language) Two parts XSLT (XSL Transformation) XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects) XSLFO is similar to CSS, quite complex We will discuss XSLT in detail, XSL-FO in brief

XPath Allows searching and navigation of XML documents Can specify which parts of an XML document we want to transform Used heavily in XSLT for searching of information

XSLT Usage Styling Add elements specific to viewing (e.g. logo) Create new content from existing one (e.g. TOC) Present information with the right level of details (e.g. overview for managers, details for staff) Convert between different DTDs/schemas or different versions of a DTD/schema Transform XML documents into HTML for compatibility with older browsers

XSLT Stylesheets An XSLT stylesheet consists of a series of templates , together with instructions based on XPath Tell an XSLT processor how to match the template against the nodes in an XML input document For each template, the processor reads the input document for all matching patterns and produces an output document See next slide

XSLT Processing Concept Input XML document XSLT Processor Output XML document XSLT Template XSLT Stylesheet

Simple XSLT Example XML (test.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <title>XSL</title> <author>John Smith</author> </xslTutorial> XSLT (test.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <H1><xsl:value-of select="//title"/></H1> <H2><xsl:value-of select="//author"/></H2> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Change to the XML The XML document has an < xml-stylesheet> tag, which informs the parser that we want to use an XSLT stylesheet to process this XML file before displaying its contents

Now look at the XSL The XSLT stylesheet is also a well-formed XML document The <xsl:stylesheet> element has two attributes Version specifies the XSLT specifications version Declares the namespace

Question What if our XML document has multiple occurrences of the title and author tags? We would still see only the first occurrence, since we have not yet seen the recursion part of XSLT

Modified XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' > <xsl:template match="/"> <H2><xsl:value-of select="//author"/></H2> <H1><xsl:value-of select="//title"/></H1> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Interesting Tricks – 1 XML (trick-1.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href=“trick-1.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <title>XSL</title> <author>John Smith</author> </xslTutorial> XSL (trick-1.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output?

Answer The full XML contents Why? If no template is specified, XSLT produces the complete XML as output!

Interesting Tricks – 2 XML (trick-2.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href=“trick-2.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <title>XSL</title> <author>John Smith</author> </xslTutorial> XSL (trick-2.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match=“/”> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output?

Answer Now we have said, match root, but once root is matched, we say do nothing (since there is nothing between <xsl:template match = “/” and </xsl:template> tags Hence, output is empty

Interesting Tricks – 3 XML (trick-3.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href=“trick-3.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <title>XSL</title> <author>John Smith</author> </xslTutorial> XSL (trick-3.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match=“/”> <xsl:value-of select = “title” /> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output?

Answer Now, we try to find a match on the title element inside /. But the path for title should be /xslTutorial/title Hence, output would be empty

Interesting Tricks – 4 XML (trick-4.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href=“trick-4.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <title>XSL</title> <author>John Smith</author> </xslTutorial> XSL (trick-4.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match=“/”> <xsl:value-of select = “/xslTutorial/title” /> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output?

Answer It would produce the contents of the title element, as expected, now

Usage of Templates <xsl:template match = “…”> We know that this clause is used to match a particular tag from an XML file and to do processing, accordingly <xsl:template name = “…”> Allows us to define a template Once such a template is defined, we can use <xsl:call-template name = “…”> to call that defined template

Understanding <apply-templates> class.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class.xsl"?> <class> <student>Jack</student> <student>Harry</student> <student>Rebecca</student> <teacher>Mr. Bean</teacher> </class> Class.xsl <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match=“student"> Found a learner! </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Output Found a learner! Found a learner! Found a learner! Mr. Bean

How it Works? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class.xsl"?> <class> <student>Jack</student> <student>Harry</student> <student>Rebecca</student> <teacher>Mr. Bean</teacher> </class> <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="student"> Found a learner! </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Step 1: For all matching student tags, display output Found a learner! Step 2: Come here and run the template recursively for all the student tags, displaying Found a learner! Step 3: For all tags other than student , there is no template in our XSL. Therefore, blindly output them, as they are!

Plain English Version For all the elements in the given XML If the current element = “student” Display “Found a learner” Else Display the actual contents of the element End-if End-For

Explanation The way this works is: Use a template if one defined Blindly output the contents of the elements wherever there is no template defined For each <template match = “student”>, we display the text Found a learner! instead of the student name itself. However, for the teacher tag, there is no <template match>. Therefore, its contents are displayed as they are.

Notes on the Result – 1 Note that we would see display for all the student tags However, in the first example, we would have seen the output only for the first instance of title and author tags Why? In the earlier example, there was no template , i.e. no recursion – the syntax used was value-of select Now, we use a template , which introduces recursion

Notes on the Result – 2 This style of coding is ambiguous! It can lead to completely unexpected results Let us modify our XML and XSL now

Modified XML and XSL class1.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class1.xsl"?> < class > < dept > Bye </ dept > < salary > 10000 </ salary > </ class > class1.xsl <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =" hello "> Found a learner! </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet > What would be the output?

Output Bye10000 Why? The attempt is to find a match for the tag or element hello in our XML document, which is not found For other tags in the XML document (i.e. dept and salary), there is no template defined; so no special processing is needed for them, except blindly outputting their contents, as before!

Further Modifications Modified XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class1.xsl"?> < class > < dept > Bye </ dept > < salary > 10000 </ salary > < name > < first > test </ first > < last > test </ last > </ name > </ class > Resulting Output Bye10000testtest This is based on same logic as earlier

Still More Changes class3.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class1.xsl"?> < class > < dept > Bye </ dept > < salary > 10000 </ salary ></ class > class3.xsl <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =" dept "> Found a learner! </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" salary "> </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Output Found a learner! This is because we have suppressed the output for the salary tag now

Use of <apply-templates> - Tricky class2.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class2.xsl"?> <class> <college>test</college> <dept>one</dept> <salary>10000</salary> <dept>two</dept> <salary>20000</salary> <dept>three</dept> <salary>30000</salary></class> Class2.xsl <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =“ dept "> <xsl:apply-templates /> </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Output Testone10000two20000three30000 Reason: The logic works as: If there is at least one dept tag <apply-templates> (which means, display the default output as it is, which means everything)

Suppressing Unwanted Output Modified XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =" dept "> < xsl:apply-templates /> </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" salary "> </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Controlling the Output the Way We Want

XSL Changed – 1 Now changes the XSL to this: <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="class"> <xsl:apply-templates select="student"/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="student"> Found a learner! </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output? See next slide.

Plain English Version For each element in the given XML If the current element is class If the child element of the current element is student Output Found a learner End-if End-if End-for Note: There is no Else now!

Output of the second XSL Found a learner! Found a learner! Found a learner! Explanation <xsl:template match="class"> The XSLT processor begins at the root element when looking for template matches. It finds a match for the root element class . <xsl:apply-templates select="student"/> In our template that matched class we use xsl:apply-templates which will check for template matches on all the children of class . The children of class in our XML document are student and teacher . To have the teacher element "Mr. Bean" ignored, we use the select attribute of xsl:apply-templates to specify only student children. The XSLT processor then goes searching templates that only match student elements. <xsl:template match="student“> The processor finds the only other template in our XSLT, which prints out "Found a learner!" for each student element in the XML document. XSLT finds three students, so "Found a learner!" is displayed three times. XSLT then finishes its processing and we are left with XSLT output that has eliminated the unwanted text, "Mr. Bean!"

Beware of this Problem! Suppose the XSL was like this: <?xml version="1.0" ?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="class"> <xsl:apply-templates /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="student"> Found a learner! </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output? See next slide.

Analysis The only change we have made is to remove the select attribute from apply-templates This would translate to something different! See next slide

Plain English Version For each element in the given XML If the current element is class If the child element of the current element is student Output Found a learner Else Output the contents of the current element as they are End-if End-if End-for Note: There is an Else now!

What about this? XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class.xsl"?> < college > < class > < institution > SICSR </ institution > < student > Jack </ student > < student > Harry </ student > < student > Rebecca </ student > < teacher > Mr. Bean </ teacher > </ class > </ college > XSL <?xml version="1.0" ?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =" class "> < xsl:apply-templates /> </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" student "> Found a learner! </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Output SICSR Found a learner! Found a learner! Found a learner! Mr. Bean Explanation The same logic as earlier applies If a match is found, do something; else display contents of current element blindly Remember, we do not have a select attribute in the template If we have it, what would happen?

Another Variation XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="class.xsl"?> < college > < class > < institution > SICSR </ institution > < student > Jack </ student > < student > Harry </ student > < student > Rebecca </ student > < teacher > Mr. Bean </ teacher > </ class > </ college > XSL <?xml version="1.0" ?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =" class "> < xsl:apply-templates select =" student "/> </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" student "> Found a learner! </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet > Output Found a learner! Found a learner! Found a learner!

Summary Do not leave our code in an ambiguous state This happens if we specify <apply-templates> without any specific select attribute It can also happen if we do not specify exact selection criteria inside <template match> Output may not be as expected!

Another XSLT Example – 1 Consider the following XML document <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="pune.xsl"?> <content> <about> PUNE </about> <city> <line1> Pune is a lovely city </line1> <line2> The education facilities are as best as you can get </line2> <line3> And the weather is great, too. </line3> </city> </content>

Another XSLT Example – 2 Here is the corresponding XSLT document <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="content"> <html> <head><title>Welcome to Pune!</title></head> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select="about"/></h1> <h2><xsl:value-of select="city/line1"/></h2> <h3><xsl:value-of select="city/line2"/></h3> <h4><xsl:value-of select="city/line3"/></h4> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Using Parameters in Templates <xsl:template name = "print" > <xsl:param name = "A" /> <xsl:param name = "B" >111</xsl:param> <xsl:value-of select = "$A" /> <xsl:text > + </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select = "$B" /> <xsl:text > = </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select = "$A+$B" /> </xsl:template> This defines a template (like a method) called as print This template can receive two parameters, named A and B. B has a default value of 111. The template prints the following as the output: Value of A + Value of B = Sum of A and B For example, if a caller calls this template with A = 10 and B = 20, the output will be: 10 + 20 = 30

Calling Templates <xsl:template match = "/" > <xsl:call-template name = "print" > <xsl:with-param name = "A" >11</xsl:with-param> <xsl:with-param name = "B" >33</xsl:with-param> </xsl:call-template> <xsl:call-template name = "print" > <xsl:with-param name = "A" >55</xsl:with-param> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:template> Now, we are calling the template defined earlier ( print ) twice in succession: first time passing A = 11 and B = 33; and second time passing A = 55 and not passing any value for B Output (Full code on next slide): 11 + 33 = 44 55 + 111 = 166 Note : 111 was B’s default value in the print template on the previous slide

Code XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="1.xsl" ?> <AAA > <BBB>bbb </BBB> <CCC>ccc </CCC> </AAA> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl = "http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version = "1.0" > <xsl:output method = "text" /> <xsl:template match = "/" > <xsl:call-template name = "print" > <xsl:with-param name = "A" >11</xsl:with-param> <xsl:with-param name = "B" >33</xsl:with-param> </xsl:call-template> <xsl:call-template name = "print" > <xsl:with-param name = "A" >55</xsl:with-param> </xsl:call-template> </xsl:template> <xsl:template name = "print" > <xsl:param name = "A" /> <xsl:param name = "B" >111</xsl:param> <xsl:text > </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select = "$A" /> <xsl:text > + </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select = "$B" /> <xsl:text > = </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select = "$A+$B" /> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Dealing with Attributes XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <dog name='Joe'> <data weight='18 kg' color="black"/> </dog> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform'> <xsl:template match="dog"> <P><B><xsl:text> Dog: </xsl:text> </B> <xsl:value-of select="@name"/></P> <P><B><xsl:text> Color: </xsl:text> </B> <xsl:value-of select="data/@color"/></P> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Another Example XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="products.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <card type="simple"> <name>John Doe</name> <title>CEO, Widget Inc.</title> <email>john.doe@widget.com</email> <phone>(202) 456-1414</phone> </card> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <xsl:template match="card[@type='simple']"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <title>business card</title><body> <xsl:apply-templates select="name"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="title"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="email"/> <xsl:apply-templates select="phone"/> </body></html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="card/name"> <h1><xsl:value-of select="text()"/></h1> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="email"> <p>email: <a href="mailto:{text()}"><tt> <xsl:value-of select="text()"/> </tt></a></p> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

discussionForumHome.xml <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> <? xml-stylesheet href="discussionForumHome.xsl" type="text/xsl" ?> < disussionForumHome > < messageBoard id ="1" name ="Java Programming"/> < messageBoard id ="2" name ="XML Programming"/> < messageBoard id ="3" name ="XSLT Programming"/> </ disussionForumHome >

discussionForumHome.xsl <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version ="1.0" xmlns:xsl ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> < xsl:template match ="/"> < html > < head > < title >Discussion Forum Home Page</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >Discussion Forum Home Page</ h1 > < h3 >Please select a message board to view:</ h3 > < ul > < xsl:apply-templates select ="disussionForumHome/messageBoard"/> </ ul > </ body > </ html > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match ="messageBoard"> < li > < a href ="viewForum?id={@id}"> < xsl:value-of select ="@name"/> </ a > </ li > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

<xsl:template match = “/”> Read this as: Start processing the XML document at the root of the document / indicates root There are some details underneath, as explained next

Understanding <xsl:template-match> - 1 < xsl:template match ="/"> < html > < head > < title >Discussion Forum Home Page</ title > </ head > < body > < h1 >Discussion Forum Home Page</ h1 > < h3 >Please select a message board to view:</ h3 > < ul > < xsl:apply-templates select ="disussionForumHome/messageBoard"/> </ ul > </ body > </ html > </ xsl:template > Once root is located, start outputting HTML tags as shown, until the < xsl:apply-templates select ="disussionForumHome/messageBoard"/> is encountered

Understanding <xsl:template-match> - 2 <xsl:template match> Has four optional attributes match – Almost always necessary, takes an Xpath expression as an argument. When the current node matches the node set defined in this expression, the template is executed. name – Allows us to refer to the template from elsewhere in the document priority – NA mode – NA

Understanding <xsl:template-match> - 3 But the XSLT also has one more <xsl:template> element as follows: < xsl:template match ="messageBoard"> Why does this not get the processor’s attention? This is because by default, only the root is loaded; all other templates must be explicitly called by other parts of the XSLT code, as we shall discuss shortly

<xsl:apply-templates> - 1 Tells the XSLT processor to Begin a new search for elements in the source XML document that match the search pattern And to look for a matching <xsl:template> element in the XSLT for the same element Here, we have: < xsl:apply-templates select ="disussionForumHome/messageBoard"/> Hence, the XSLT processor searches for A pattern disussionForumHome/messageBoard in the XML document A <template-match> element for the same in the XSLT document

<xsl:apply-templates> - 2 The <xsl:apply-templates> element works recursively Here, it tells the XSLT processor to first select the <discussionForumHome> elements of the current node Current node here is the root element of the XML document Hence, it selects all the <discussionForumHome> elements at the root level, which means just one element However, if we had more elements with the same name deeper in the hierarchy, they would have been ignored

<xsl:apply-templates> - 3 Assuming that the XSLT processor locates the <discussionForumHome> element, it searches for all of its <messageBoard> children For each <messageBoard> child, the processor looks for the template in our stylesheet that provides the best match Since our stylesheet contains a template that exactly matches the <messageBoard> pattern, it is instantiated for each of the <messageBoard> elements in the source XML

<xsl:template match = “messageBoard”> This template gets invoked for each instance of the <messageBoard> element < xsl:template match ="messageBoard"> < li > < a href ="viewForum?id={@id}"> < xsl:value-of select ="@name"/> </ a > </ li > </ xsl:template > In each case, it produces a line item, consisting of a hyperlink, displaying the name attribute of the <messageBoard> element, and embedding the id attribute in the URL

Summary Most transformation in XSLT is driven by two elements, <xsl:template> and <xsl:apply-templates>. Processing begins at root, and then: For each X in the current node, processor searches for all <xsl:template match = “pattern”> elements in the stylesheet that potentially match the node. The selected <xsl:template match = “pattern”> is instantiated using node X as its current node. This templates typically copies data from the source XML, or produces brand new content in combination with the source data. If the template contains <xsl:apply-templates select = “newPattern” />, a new current node is created and the process repeats recursively.

Comparing <xsl:template> to <xsl:apply-template> Think about the former as similar to a Java method definition, and the later as invoking that method

Another Example college.xml <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> <? xml-stylesheet href="college.xsl" type="text/xsl" ?> < college > < name >SICSR</ name > < city >Pune</ city > < state >Maharashtra</ state > </ college > college.xsl <? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="utf-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version ="1.0" xmlns:xsl ="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> < xsl:template match ="college"> < b > < xsl:value-of select ="name"/> is located in < xsl:value-of select ="city"/>, < xsl:value-of select ="state"/>. </ b > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Explanation Elements that do not start with <xsl:> are simply copied into the result tree <xsl:value of> copies the value of something in the XML source tree to the result tree Here, current node is <college>, so <xsl:value-of select = “name”/> selects the text content of the <name> element inside <school>

An Example for Conceptual Clarity <customer> <customer> (Many instance) <name> (Many instances) < xsl:template match = " customers " > < ul > < xsl:apply-templates select = " customer " /> </ ul > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match = " customer " > <!– Loops over all customer instances  < li > < xsl:value-of select = " name " /> </ li > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Value-of select = ‘.’ XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <bold>Hello, world.</bold> <red>I am </red> <italic>fine.</italic> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform'> <xsl:template match="bold"> <P><B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B></P> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="red"> <P style="color:red"><xsl:value-of select="."/></P> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="italic"> <P><i><xsl:value-of select="."/></i></P> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Another Example – Can be Confusing! What would be the output? XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <employee> <firstName>Joe</firstName> <surName>Smith</surName> </employee> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="surName"> <i><xsl:value-of select="."/></i> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Explanation XSLT tries to process the first match (at the outermost possible level), i.e. on xslTutorial – There is none So, it tries to find a match on the next level, which is employee; and executes code inside Now, anything inside the employee tag has to be processed while inside the employee template itself But surName is outside of employee, and hence will be ignored

Modified Example Is this correct now? XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="employee.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <employee> <firstName>Joe</firstName> <middleName>Angus</middleName> <surName>Smith</surName> </employee> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> <xsl:template match="surName"> <i><xsl:value-of select="."/></i> </xsl:template> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/middleName"> <xsl:value-of select="middleName"/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Analysis No! Inside an <xsl:template-match>, another <xsl:template match> cannot exist How to print the last name, then?

Modified Example XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="employee.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <employee> <firstName>Joe</firstName> <middleName>Angus</middleName> <surName>Smith</surName> </employee> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> <xsl:apply-templates /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/ sur Name"> <xsl:value-of select=“ . "/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Another Version XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> <xsl:apply-templates /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/firstName"> <h1> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </h1> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/middleName"> <i> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </i> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/surName"> <h2> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </h2> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Modified Further <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> <xsl:apply-templates /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/firstName"> <h1> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </h1> </xsl:template>  <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/surName"> <h2> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </h2> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Modified Further <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> <xsl:apply-templates /> </xsl:template>  </xsl:stylesheet>

Yet Another Version – Only middle name would get displayed after the complete name <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee"> <B><xsl:value-of select="."/></B> <xsl:apply-templates select=“middleName” /> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/middleName"> <i> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </i> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/xslTutorial/employee/surName"> <h2> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </h2> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Controlling the Output Method Try adding <xsl:output method=“html” /> <xsl:output method=“xml” /> <xsl:output method=“text” /> one after the other Run the example from the command prompt as: set CLASSPATH=c:\xalan\bin\xalan.jar java org.apache.xalan.xslt.Process -INDENT 3 -IN employee.xml -XSL employee.xsl -OUT output.html

First XSL Example: Hello World! XML Document (HelloWorld.xml) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="HelloWorld.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <msg>Hello World! </msg> XSL Document (HelloWorld.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="text"/> <xsl:template match="msg">Found it!</xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Second XSL example XML Document (second.xml) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="second.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <message>We can easily output XML using XSLT! </message> XSL Document (second.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="text"/> <xsl:template match="/">Message in XML document is: <xsl:apply-templates/>!</xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Third XSL Example XML document (third.xml) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="third.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <name> <first>Sachin</first> <last> Tendukar</last> </name> XSL document (third.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="name"> <html> <head> <title>XSL Output Example</title> </head> <body> <p> <xsl:apply-templates select="first"/> </p> <p> <xsl:apply-templates select="last"/> </p> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Nodes XPath views a document as a tree This tree consists of nodes One node can contain other child nodes There are 7 types of nodes root, element, attribute, text, comment, processing instruction, and namespace

Sample XML Document <?xml version = “1.0”?>  <BOOK author = “Andrew Tanenbaum” edition = “3”> <REVIEW> This is a wonderful book!</REVIEW> Computer Networks </BOOK>

XPath View Root Comment This is a comment Element BOOK Attribute author Andrew Tanenbaum Attribute edition 3 Element REVIEW Text This is a wonderful book! Text Computer Networks

XPath Basics XPath allows selection of nodes/attributes based on certain conditions XSLT processes these nodes XPath expressions Criteria for selection of nodes/attributes Location path Similar to street directions: Used for locating information in an XML document

XPath Example child::chapter[child::title] Look for child nodes of the current node (called as the context node ) representing the <chapter> element Within that, look only for child nodes that represent the <title> element <chapter> <title>

XPath Examples – 1 If context node is the <book> element, an empty node-set would be returned. If the context node is <paragraph> number 1 in <section> 2 of <chapter> 2, the returned node-set would be the text node with value First paragraph . Select all text node children of the context node. child::text() If context node is the <book> element, the node-set containing <title>, <chapters> and <appendices> nodes would be returned. Select all element node children of the context node. Children other than the element node are not selected. child::* If context is book, empty node-set would be returned. If context node is <section> element in chapter 2 with attribute number =“1”, a node-set containing four paragraph nodes would be returned. Select the <paragraph> child element nodes of the context node. child::paragraph Example Meaning Syntax

XPath Examples – 2 If context node is the <chapter> 1 element, a node-set containing two attribute nodes would be returned, representing the number and title attributes. Select all attribute nodes of the context node. attribute::* NA Select all attribute nodes with name number under the context node. attribute::number NA Select all the child nodes of the context node. Note that this will return non-elements also. child::node() Example Meaning Syntax

XPath Examples – 3 NA Select the context node if it is the <paragraph> element. self:paragraph If the context node is <chapters>, an empty node-set would be returned. If the context node is a <section>, the result would be a node-set containing one <chapter> element which contains this <section> element. Select the <chapter> element nodes that are ancestors of the context node. If the context node is a <chapter> element, return that also. ancestor-or-self::chapter If the context node is <book> or <chapters> element, we would get a node-set consisting of six <paragraph> nodes. If the context node is <section> 1 element for <chapter> 2, we would get a node-set consisting of four <paragraph> nodes. Select all <paragraph> elements that are descendants of the context node. descendant::paragraph Example Meaning Syntax

Unabbreviated relative location path Abbreviated relative location path Selection criteria child::BOOK BOOK Element nodes that are children of the context node. child::* * All element nodes that are children of the context node. child::text () text () All text node children of the context node. self::node () . Context node itself. parent::node () .. Parent of the context node. attribute::reviewer @reviewer Attribute reviewer of the context node. attribute::* @* All attributes of the context node. parent::node ()/attribute::reviewer [email_address] Attribute reviewer of the parent of the context node. child::AUTHOR [position () = 1] AUTHOR [1] First AUTHOR child node of the context node. child::AUTHOR [position () = last ()] AUTHOR [last ()] Last AUTHOR child node of the context node. child::REVIEW [attribute::reviewer = “Jui”] REVIEW [@reviewer = “Jui”] All REVIEW element children of the context node having a reviewer attribute with a value of Jui . child::REVIEW [attribute::reviewer = “Jui’] [2] REVIEW [@reviewer = “Jui”] [2] Second REVIEW child of the context node having a reviewer attribute with a value of Jui . child::REVIEW [position () = 2] [attribute::reviewer = “Jui’] REVIEW [2] [@reviewer = “Jui”] Second REVIEW child of the context node if it has a reviewer attribute with a value of Jui . child::*/child::AUTHOR */AUTHOR All grand-children element nodes of the context node that are also AUTHOR elements. child::BOOK[child::TITLE= “TCP/IP”] BOOK[TITLE = “TCP/IP”] BOOK element children of the context node having one or more TITLE element children with string-value as TCP/IP . child::BOOK/child::REVIEW/child::COMMENT [position () = 2] BOOK/REVIEW/COMMENT [2] Second child COMMENT element node of the REVIEW element node, which itself is the child of the BOOK element node. self::node()/descendant-or-self::node()/child:COMMENT .//COMMENT All COMMENT element nodes that are descendants of the context node. Note that the // notation is a short-hand for the descendant:: syntax.

Template Rules Describes how an XML element node is converted into an XSL element node for displaying Examples <xsl: template match=“/article/title”> <xsl: template match=“line”> <xsl: template match=“city/line”> <xsl: template match=“content//line”> <xsl: template match=“title | line”> <xsl:template match=“/article/*” <xsl:template match=“/article/section[2]/title/text()”

<xsl:value-of> Element The <xsl:value-of> element can be used to select the value of an XML element and add it to the output stream of the transformation The value of the required select attribute contains an XPath expression It works like navigating a file system where a forward slash (/) selects subdirectories

XSLT Example Consider the following XML document <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="history.xsl"?> <subject> <info>History of India</info> </subject> We can write the following XSLT code to transform this into HTML <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="subject"> <html> <head><title>Hello World</title></head> <body> <h2> <xsl:value-of select="info"/> </h2> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Exercise Write an XSLT document for the following XML document to display it as HTML <?xml version = “1.0” ?> <?xml:stylesheet type = “text/xsl” href = “one.xsl”?> <myPerson> <personName>Sachin Tendulkar</personName> </myPerson>

Solution <xsl:stylesheet version = “1.0” xmlns:xsl = “http://www/w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match = “myPerson”> <html> <body> <b> <xsl:value-of select = “personName”/> </b> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Exercise Consider the following XML file: <?xml version=“1.0”?> <BOOK> <BOOK_TITLE>Computer Networks</BOOK_TITLE> <AUTHOR>Tanenbaum</AUTHOR> </BOOK> Use XSL to display title and author as level 1 and level 2 headers, respectively

Solution <xsl:stylesheet version=“1.0” xmlns:xsl=“http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform”> <xsl:template match=“BOOK”> <html> <head><title> Book Information </title></head> <body> <h1><xsl:value-of select=“BOOK_TITLE”/></h1> <h2>by <xsl:value-of select=“AUTHOR”/></h2> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Exercise Consider this XML and write an XSL to display only the book title and price <?xml version = “1.0” ?> <?xml version = "1.0" ?> <?xml:stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "book2.xsl"?> <CATALOG> <BOOK> <TITLE>Computer Networks</TITLE> <AUTHORS> <AUTHOR>Andrew Tanenbaum</AUTHOR> </AUTHORS> <PUBYEAR>2003</PUBYEAR> <PRICE>250</PRICE> </BOOK> <BOOK> <TITLE>Computer Fundamentals</TITLE > <AUTHORS> <AUTHOR>Rajaraman</AUTHOR> <AUTHOR>Ghosh</AUTHOR> </AUTHORS> <PUBYEAR>2002</PUBYEAR> <PRICE>250</PRICE> </BOOK> </CATALOG>

Solution <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="BOOK"> Book Name: <xsl:value-of select="TITLE"/> Price: <xsl:value-of select="PRICE"/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Exercise Consider the following XML document, titled emp.xml: <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="emp.xsl"?> <EMP_INFO> <EMPLOYEE> <EMP_NAME empID="9662"> <FIRST>Sachin</FIRST> <LAST>Tendulkar</LAST> </EMP_NAME> </EMPLOYEE> </EMP_INFO> Write emp.xsl file mentioned above, which would: Display a heading Emp Name: , followed by the employee’s name. Display the employee id below this, in a smaller font.

Solution <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="EMP_INFO"> <html> <head><title>Emp Info!</title></head> <body> <h1>Emp Name: <xsl:value-of select="EMPLOYEE/EMP_NAME/FIRST"/> <xsl:value-of select="EMPLOYEE/EMP_NAME/LAST"/> </h1> <h3> <xsl:value-of select="EMPLOYEE/EMP_NAME/@empID"/></h3> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

apply-templates We know that <xsl:template match=“…”> allows us to search for a location path in our XML document Another XSLT syntax, <xsl:apply-templates/> allows us to list the contents of the elements with reference to the previous <xsl:template match=“…”> declaration Examples follow

Source XML (apply.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="apply1.xsl"?> <book> <title>Profesional XSL</title> <chapters> <chapter> <chapterNo>2</chapterNo> <chapterTopic>XPath</chapterTopic> <chapterAuthor>Andrew Watt</chapterAuthor> <chapterSections> <chapterSection>Section 1</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 2</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 3</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 4</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 5</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 6</chapterSection> </chapterSections> </chapter> <chapter> <chapterNo>3</chapterNo> <chapterTopic>XSLT Basics</chapterTopic> <chapterAuthor>Paul Spencer</chapterAuthor> <chapterSections> <chapterSection>Section 1</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 2</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 3</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 4</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 5</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 6</chapterSection> </chapterSections> </chapter> <chapter> <chapterNo>4</chapterNo> <chapterTopic>Modular XSLT</chapterTopic> <chapterAuthor>Kurt Cagle</chapterAuthor> <chapterSections> <chapterSection>Section 1</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 2</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 3</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 4</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 5</chapterSection> <chapterSection>Section 6</chapterSection> </chapterSections> </chapter> </chapters> </book>

Basic XSL Example (apply0.xml) <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> What would be the output?

Explanation We have not specified what action should be taken when root is applied This causes the entire output to be suppressed!

XSL Example: 1 (apply1.xsl) <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Output: ?

Explanation Now there is an <apply-templates> inside the <template match> This causes the default <apply-templates> to be applied, i.e. without any particular select inside <apply-templates> In other words, <apply-templates> gets executed for all elements inside the root

XSL Example: 2 (apply2.xsl) <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="*"> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Explanation Empty output, since <apply-templates/> will bring search from the root level to all non-root elements. But at that level, there is no <apply-templates/> to display anything, unlike in the previous example.

XSL Example: 3 (apply3.xsl) <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="*"> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="book"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="chapters"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="chapter"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="chapterTopic">  <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Display the list of chapter topics

XSL Example: 4 (apply4.xsl) <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="*"> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="book"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="chapters"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="chapter"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/book/chapters/chapter/chapterNo"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/book/chapters/chapter/chapterTopic"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/book/chapters/chapter/chapterAuthor"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Display element values for all the selected elements

XSL Example: 6 (apply6.xsl) - Tricky <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> </xsl:stylesheet>

XSL Example: 5 (apply5.xsl) – Tricky! What if we remove all search paths except the absolute ones? <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/book/chapters/chapter/chapterNo"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/book/chapters/chapter/chapterTopic"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="/book/chapters/chapter/chapterAuthor"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Explanation Here, there is no <apply-templates> calling any of the defined <template match> tags Hence, our <template match> tags would get ignored completely Hence, it would produce the full XML contents as the output

Using Mode If more than one template matches an identical pattern, a conflict arises This can be solved by using template priority, but at times, that is also ambiguous In such situations, we can use the template mode Useful when a template needs to visit the same node, but with different results

Mode Example, also uses CSS XML (css-example-1) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="css-example-1.xsl"?> < us > < state name =" Hawaii "> < county name =" Hawaii "> < city class =" largest "> Hilo </ city > </ county > < county name =" Honolulu "> < city class =" largest "> Honolulu </ city > </ county > < county name =" Kauai "> < city class =" largest "> Kapaa </ city > </ county > < county name =" Maui "> < city class =" largest "> Kahului </ city > </ county > </ state > </ us > XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" html "/> < xsl:template match =" us/state "> < html > < head > < title > State: < xsl:value-of select =" @name "/> </ title > < style type =" text/css "> h1, h2 {font-family: sans-serif, color: blue} ul {font-size: 16pt} </ style > </ head > < body > < h1 > State: < xsl:value-of select =" @name "/> </ h1 > < h2 > All Countries </ h2 > < ul > < xsl:apply-templates select =" county " mode =" county "/> </ ul > < h2 > Largest Cities (by County) </ h2 > < ul > < xsl:apply-templates select =" county " mode =" city "/> </ ul > </ body > </ html > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" county " mode =" county "> < li > < xsl:value-of select =" @name "/> </ li > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" county " mode =" city "> < li > < xsl:value-of select =" city "/> ( < xsl:value-of select =" @name "/> ) </ li > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Creating New Elements and Attributes

Creating Elements and Attributes <?xml version="1.0"?> <students> <student first_name="Raju"> <id>101</id> <remarks> A student who is not at all sincere!</remarks> </student> <student first_name="Aarati"> <id>102</id> <remarks> A student who is really quite dedicated to her studies!</remarks> </student> <student first_name="Rajani"> <id>103</id> <remarks> A student who is awesome!</remarks> </student> </students>

Corresponding XSL <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="students"> <students> <xsl:apply-templates/> </students> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="student"> <xsl:element name="{@first_name}"> <xsl:attribute name="id"><xsl:value-of select="id"/></xsl:attribute> <notes> <xsl:value-of select="remarks"/> </notes> </xsl:element> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Explanation - 1 <xsl:template match="/"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> match = “/” means select root <xsl:apply-templates/> means look for a “xsl:template match” at the root level; i.e. look for a definition that says <xsl:template match=“students">

Explanation – 2 <xsl:template match="students"> <students> <xsl:apply-templates/> </students> </xsl:template> When the students element is found, output <students> </students> Then look for a match inside < students> tag, i.e. for <student> tag now

Explanation – 3 <xsl:template match="student"> <xsl:element name="{@first_name}"> <xsl:attribute name="id"><xsl:value-of select="id"/></xsl:attribute> <notes> <xsl:value-of select="remarks"/> </notes> </xsl:element> </xsl:template> When the < student> element is found, create a new element in the output XML whose element name equals the value of the attribute first_name in the input XML So: <student first_name="Raju"> <id>101</id> <remarks> A student who is not at all sincere!</remarks> </student> Will now become <Raju> </Raju>

Explanation – 4 <xsl:attribute name="id"> <xsl:value-of select="id"/> </xsl:attribute> Add an attribute named id to the output XML, which equals the value of the element id of the input XML

Explanation – 5 <notes> <xsl:value-of select="remarks"/> </notes> Add a new element called as notes to the output XML, which should contain the value of the remarks element of the input XML

Explanation – 6 Input XML <student first_name="Raju"> <id>101</id> <remarks> A student who is not at all sincere!</remarks> </student> Output XML <Raju id = “101”> <comments> A student who is not at all sincere!</comments> </Raju>

Running the Example set CLASSPATH=C:\xalan\xalan.jar;C:\xalan.xerces.jar java org.apache.xalan.xslt.Process -INDENT 3 -IN three.xml -XSL three.xsl -OUT output.xml

Xalan and Xerces Xalan: Fully implements XSLT, XPath, and JAXP Xerces: Implements XML specifications, namespaces, schema, SAX, DOM, and JAXP

Example: Change XML Contents into an HTML Table – XML File <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="cdcatalog.xsl"?> <catalog> <cd> <title>Empire Burlesque</title> <artist>Bob Dylan</artist> <country>USA</country> <company>Columbia</company> <price>10.90</price> <year>1985</year> </cd> <cd> <title>Candle in the wind</title> <artist>Elton John</artist> <country>UK</country> <company>HMV</company> <price>8.20</price> <year>1998</year> </cd> </catalog>

Example: Change XML Contents into an HTML Table – XSL File <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th align="left">Title</th> <th align="left">Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Exercise Display name, address, and phone number for all customers in a table <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="foreach.xsl" ?> <customers> <customer> <name>Mahesh Katare</name> <address>Eve's Plaza, Bangalore</address> <state>Karnataka</state> <phone>(80) 3247890</phone> </customer> <customer> <name>Naren Limaye</name> <address>Shanti Apartments, Thane</address> <state>Maharashtra</state> <phone>(22) 82791810</phone> </customer> <customer> <name>Uday Bhalerao</name> <address>Kothrud, Pune</address> <state>Maharashtra</state> <phone>(20) 25530834</phone> </customer> <customer> <name>Amol Kavthekar</name> <address>Station Road, Solapur</address> <state>Maharashtra</state> <phone>(217) 2729345</phone> </customer> <customer> <name>Meghraj Mane</name> <address>Cannuaght Place, Delhi</address> <state>Delhi</state> <phone>(11) 57814091</phone> </customer> <customer> <name>Sameer Joshi</name> <address>Gullapetti, Hyderabad</address> <state>Andhra Pradesh</state> <phone>93717-90911</phone> </customer> </customers>

Solution <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="/"> <HTML> <BODY> <TABLE border = "2"> <xsl:for-each select="customers/customer"> <TR> <TD><xsl:value-of select="name" /></TD> <TD><xsl:value-of select="address" /></TD> <TD><xsl:value-of select="phone" /></TD> </TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </BODY> </HTML> </xsl:template>

Exercise Achieve the same results without using for-each

Solution <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <HTML> <BODY> <TABLE border="2"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </TABLE> </BODY> </HTML> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="customers/customer"> <TR> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="name"/> </TD> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="address"/> </TD> <TD> <xsl:value-of select="phone"/> </TD> </TR> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Exercise: XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="SalesToHTML.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <SalesReport> <Company>i-flex Solutions Limited</Company> <Period>2005-06</Period> <Sales Region="US">USD 250 Million</Sales> <Sales Region="Europe">USD 100 Million</Sales> <Sales Region="Asia">USD 50 Million</Sales> </SalesReport>

Solution: XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="html"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <head> <title>Sales Report, <xsl:value-of select="/SalesReport/Company"/>: <xsl:value-of select="/SalesReport/Period"/> </title> </head> <body> <br/> <h2> <xsl:value-of select="/SalesReport/Company"/>, Sales Report: <xsl:value-of select="/SalesReport/Period"/> </h2> <br/> <table width="50%"> <tr> <th>Region</th> <th>Sales</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="/SalesReport/Sales"> <tr> <td align="center"> <xsl:value-of select="@Region"/> </td> <td align="center"> <xsl:value-of select="."/> </td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Sorting XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial> <name>John</name> <name>Josua</name> <name>Charles</name> <name>Alice</name> <name>Martha</name> <name>George</name> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <TABLE> <xsl:for-each select="//name"> <xsl:sort order="ascending" select="."/> <TR><TH><xsl:value-of select="."/></TH></TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Sorting Information <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <xsl:sort select="artist"/> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Sorting – Another Example – XML File <?xml version="1.0" ?> <famous-persons> <persons category="medicine"> <person> <firstname> Edward </firstname> <name> Jenner </name> </person> <person> <firstname> Gertrude </firstname> <name> Elion </name> </person> </persons> <persons category="computer science"> <person> <firstname> Charles </firstname> <name> Babbage </name> </person> <person> <firstname> Alan </firstname> <name> Touring </name> </person> <person> <firstname> Ada </firstname> <name> Byron </name> </person> </persons> <persons category="astronomy"> <person> <firstname> Tycho </firstname> <name> Brahe </name> </person> <person> <firstname> Johannes </firstname> <name> Kepler </name> </person> <person> <firstname> Galileo </firstname> <name> Galilei </name> </person> </persons> </famous-persons>

Sorting – Another Example – XSLT Write an XSLT for sorting data appropriately

Sorting and Data Types – 1 XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial > <car id="11"/> <car id="6"/> <car id="105"/> <car id="28"/> <car id="9"/> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <TABLE> <xsl:for-each select="//car"> <xsl:sort data-type="text" select="@id"/> <TR><TH><xsl:text> Car-</xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select="@id"/></TH></TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Sorting and Data Types – 2 Modified XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <TABLE> <xsl:for-each select="//car"> <xsl:sort data-type=“number" select="@id"/> <TR><TH><xsl:text> Car-</xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select="@id"/></TH></TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Sorting on Multiple Keys Specify multiple xsl:sort elements, one after the other Example <xsl:sort select=“SURNAME”/> <xsl:sort select=“FIRSTNAME”/> <xsl:sort select=“BIRTH_DATE” order=“ascending”/>

Another Sort Example sort-1.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="sort-1.xsl"?> < europe > < state > Belgium </ state > < state > Germany </ state > < state > United Kingdom </ state > < state > France </ state > < state > Spain </ state > < state > Italy </ state > < state > Turkey </ state > < state > Sweden </ state > < state > Ireland </ state > < state > Greece </ state > < state > Malta </ state > < state > Vatican City </ state > < state > Portugal </ state > </ europe > sort-1.xsl <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:template match =" europe "> < xsl:text > Alphabetical List of European States </ xsl:text > < xsl:text > 
Total Number of States: </ xsl:text > < xsl:value-of select =" count(state) "/> < xsl:text > 

 </ xsl:text > < xsl:apply-templates select =" state "> < xsl:sort /> </ xsl:apply-templates > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" state "> < xsl:text > - </ xsl:text > < xsl:apply-templates /> < xsl:text > 
 </ xsl:text > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Producing HTML Output <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" html "/> < xsl:template match =" europe "> < html > < head > < title > European States </ title > </ head > < style type =" text/css "> body {font-family: sans-serif} </ style > < body > < h3 > Alphabetical List of European States </ h3 > < p > < b > Total Number of States: </ b > < xsl:value-of select =" count(state) "/> </ p > < ul > < xsl:apply-templates select =" state "> < xsl:sort /> </ xsl:apply-templates > </ ul > </ body > </ html > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" state "> < li > < xsl:apply-templates /> </ li > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Sorting on Attributes and Formatting <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" text "/> < xsl:template match =" europe "> < xsl:text > Number of EU Member States: </ xsl:text > < xsl:value-of select =" count(state) "/> < xsl:text > 
 </ xsl:text > < xsl:apply-templates select =" state/@joined "> < xsl:sort data-type =" number "/> </ xsl:apply-templates > < xsl:text > 
 </ xsl:text > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" state/@joined "> < xsl:text > - </ xsl:text > < xsl:apply-templates select =" .. "/> < xsl:text > ( </ xsl:text > < xsl:value-of select =" . "/> < xsl:text > )

Another Sort Example for Multiple Fields item-list.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < list > < freezer > < item > peas </ item > < item > green beans </ item > < item > pot pie </ item > < item > ice cream </ item > </ freezer > < bakery > < item > rolls </ item > < item > jelly doughnuts </ item > < item > bread </ item > </ bakery > < produce > < item > tomato </ item > < item > apple </ item > < item > potato </ item > </ produce > </ list > item-list.xsl <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" text " version =" 1.0 " encoding =" UTF-8 " indent =" yes "/> < xsl:template match =" list "> < xsl:apply-templates select =" * "> < xsl:sort select =" name() "/> </ xsl:apply-templates > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" * "> < xsl:text > Section: </ xsl:text > < xsl:value-of select =" name() "/> < xsl:text > 
 </ xsl:text > < xsl:apply-templates select =" item "> < xsl:sort /> </ xsl:apply-templates > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" item "> < xsl:text > * </ xsl:text > < xsl:apply-templates /> < xsl:text > 

Explanation The first template matches the list element and sorts on the names (using name () ) of the element children (using *) of the list This is the first sort The second template matches only on the element children of list , again using * After inserting some text (such as Section: ), and the name of the element (again using name() ), the template sorts the text node content of item children This is the second sort

Writing Conditions Using <xsl:if> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <xsl:if test="price > 10"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </tr> </xsl:if> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

<xsl:apply-templates> Element The <xsl:apply-templates> element applies a template rule to the current element or to the current element's child nodes Example follows

Exercise Consider the following XML document <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="books3.xsl"?> <BOOKS> <BOOK pubyear="1929"> <BOOK_TITLE>Look Homeward, Angel</BOOK_TITLE> <AUTHOR>Wolfe, Thomas</AUTHOR> </BOOK> <BOOK pubyear="1973"> <BOOK_TITLE>Gravity's Rainbow</BOOK_TITLE> <AUTHOR>Pynchon, Thomas</AUTHOR> </BOOK> <BOOK pubyear="1977"> <BOOK_TITLE>Cards as Weapons</BOOK_TITLE> <AUTHOR>Jay, Ricky</AUTHOR> </BOOK> <BOOK pubyear="2001"> <BOOK_TITLE>Computer Networks</BOOK_TITLE> <AUTHOR>Tanenbaum, Andrew</AUTHOR> </BOOK> </BOOKS> Do the following: Display all the books published in the 1970s. Display the same information in a tabular form with an asterisk against the book title. Display the same information as in (2), sorted on author name.

Solution Refer to books.xml, books.xsl, books2.xsl, books3.xsl

Understanding position () and number XML (functions-example-1) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="functions-example-1.xsl"?> <europe> <state>Belgium</state> <state>Germany</state> <state>United Kingdom</state> <state>France</state> <state>Spain</state> <state>Italy</state> <state>Turkey</state> <state>Sweden</state> <state>Ireland</state> <state>Greece</state> <state>Malta</state> <state>Vatican City</state> <state>Portugal</state> </europe> XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" html " version =" 1.0 " encoding =" UTF-8 " indent =" yes "/> < xsl:template match =" / "> < table border =" 2 "> < tbody > < tr > < th > Title </ th > < th > Position </ th > < th > Number </ th > </ tr > < xsl:apply-templates select =" europe/state "/> </ tbody > </ table > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" europe/state "> < tr > < td > < xsl:value-of select =" . "/> </ td > < td align =" center "> < xsl:value-of select =" position() "/> </ td > < td align =" center "> < xsl:number /> </ td > </ tr > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

if Example – 1 Consider an XML file (names.xml) as follows. Display all the names comma-separated in the output HTML file. <?xml version='1.0'?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="ifcomma2.xsl" ?> <namelist> <name>Albert</name> <name>Terrance</name> <name>Will</name> <name>Sylvia</name> <name>Timothy</name> <name>Gordon</name> <name>James</name> <name>Robert</name> <name>Dan</name> <name>Sasha</name> </namelist>

if Example – 1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="namelist/name"> <xsl:apply-templates/> <xsl:if test="position()!=last()">, </xsl:if> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

if Example – 2 Another way to achieve the same objective <?xml version='1.0'?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="namelist/name"> <xsl:if test="position()!=1">, </xsl:if> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

if Example – 3 Consider the following XML file (items.xml) and display alternate rows in yellow background. <?xml version='1.0'?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="ifyellow.xsl" ?> <items> <item>Car</item> <item>Pen</item> <item>LP Record</item> <item>Wisdom</item> <item>Cell phone</item> <item>Film projector</item> <item>Hole</item> <item>Canopy</item> <item>Widget</item> <item>Concept</item> <item>Null character</item> </items>

if Example – 3 <?xml version='1.0'?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="50%"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="item"> <tr> <xsl:if test="position() mod 2 = 0"> <xsl:attribute name="bgcolor">yellow</xsl:attribute> </xsl:if> <xsl:apply-templates/> </tr> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Writing Conditions Using <xsl:choose> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <h2>My CD Collection</h2> <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32"> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="price > 10"> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff"> <xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> <td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td> </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

choice Example Consider the following XML file (order.xml). If total number of items selected is <10, display small, if between 10 and 19, display medium, else large. <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="refchoose.xsl" ?> <orders> <order> <lineitem/> <lineitem/> <total>9</total> </order> <order> <lineitem/> <lineitem/> <total>19</total> </order> <order> <lineitem/> <lineitem/> <total>29</total> </order> </orders>

choice Example <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" > <xsl:template match="order"> <xsl:choose> <xsl:when test="total < 10"> (small) </xsl:when> <xsl:when test="total < 20"> (medium) </xsl:when> <xsl:otherwise> (large) </xsl:otherwise> </xsl:choose> <xsl:apply-templates /> <BR/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

XML (Variable-example.xml) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="Variable-example.xsl"?> < catalog > < item id =" SC-001 "> < maker > Reliance </ maker > < description > Gas pipe </ description > < size > Large </ size > < price > 15000 </ price > < currency > INR </ currency > </ item > </ catalog >

XSL (Variable-example.xsl) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" xml " version =" 1.0 " encoding =" UTF-8 " indent =" yes "/> < xsl:variable name =" discount " select =" 0.10 "/> < xsl:template match =" catalog "> < xsl:copy > < xsl:apply-templates select =" item "/> </ xsl:copy > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" item "> < xsl:copy > < xsl:attribute name =" id ">< xsl:value-of select =" @id "/></ xsl:attribute > < xsl:copy-of select =" maker | description | size | price "/> < discount > < xsl:value-of select =" $discount "/> </ discount > < discountPrice > < xsl:value-of select =" price - (price * $discount) "/> </ discountPrice > < xsl:copy-of select =" currency "/> </ xsl:copy > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

Running the Example set classpath=c:\xalan\bin\xalan.jar java org.apache.xalan.xslt.Process -INDENT 3 -IN Variable-example.xml -XSL Variable-example.xsl -OUT output.xml

Using Parameters – Modified XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" xml " version =" 1.0 " encoding =" UTF-8 " indent =" yes "/> < xsl:param name =" discount " select =" 0.10 "/> < xsl:template match =" catalog "> < xsl:copy > < xsl:apply-templates select =" item "/> </ xsl:copy > </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" item "> < xsl:copy > < xsl:attribute name =" id ">< xsl:value-of select =" @id "/></ xsl:attribute > < xsl:copy-of select =" maker | description | size | price "/> < discount > < xsl:value-of select =" $discount "/> </ discount > < discountPrice > < xsl:value-of select =" price - (price * $discount) "/> </ discountPrice > < xsl:copy-of select =" currency "/> </ xsl:copy > </ xsl:template > </ xsl:stylesheet >

What is the Impact? We have changed variable to parameter Now, we can pass the value of discount from the command prompt! java org.apache.xalan.xslt.Process -INDENT 3 -param discount 0 .20 -IN Variable-example.xml -XSL Variable-example-1.xsl -OUT output.xml

<xsl:number> Tag XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <xslTutorial > <chapter>First Chapter</chapter> <chapter>Second Chapter <chapter>Subchapter 1</chapter> <chapter>Subchapter 2</chapter> </chapter> <chapter>Third Chapter <chapter>Subchapter A</chapter> <chapter>Subchapter B <chapter>sub a</chapter> <chapter>sub b</chapter> </chapter> <chapter>Subchapter C</chapter> </chapter> </xslTutorial> XSL <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl='http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform' version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="/"> <TABLE BORDER="1"> <TR><TH>Number</TH><TH>text</TH></TR> <xsl:for-each select="//chapter"> <TR><TD> <xsl:number/> </TD><TD> <xsl:value-of select="./text()"/> </TD></TR> </xsl:for-each> </TABLE> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

<xsl:number> Continued Change the <xsl:number> tag to the following <xsl:number level="multiple"/>

Using position () XML (functions-example-2) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="functions-example-2.xsl"?> < europe > < state > Belgium </ state > < state > Germany </ state > < state > United Kingdom </ state > < state > France </ state > < state > Spain </ state > < state > Italy </ state > < state > Turkey </ state > < state > Sweden </ state > < state > Ireland </ state > < state > Greece </ state > < state > Malta </ state > < state > Vatican City </ state > < state > Portugal </ state > </ europe > XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" text " indent =" yes "/> < xsl:template match =" europe "> < xsl:apply-templates select =" state "/> </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" europe/state "> < xsl:value-of select =" position() "/> < xsl:text > . </ xsl:text > < xsl:value-of select =" . "/> < xsl:text > 

Now Using number Modified XSL <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> < xsl:stylesheet version =" 1.0 " xmlns:xsl =" http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform "> < xsl:output method =" text " indent =" yes "/> < xsl:template match =" europe "> < xsl:apply-templates select =" state "/> </ xsl:template > < xsl:template match =" europe/state "> < xsl:number format =" 1 "/> < xsl:text > . </ xsl:text > < xsl:value-of select =" . "/> < xsl:text > 

XML <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="test.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <products> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/text"> <name>Playfield Text</name> <price currency="usd">299</price> <description>Faster than the competition.</description> <version>1.0</version> </product> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/virus"> <name>Playfield Virus</name> <price currency="eur">199</price> <description> Protect yourself against malicious code. </description> <version>5.0</version> </product> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/calc"> <name>Playfield Calc</name> <price currency="usd">299</price> <description>Clear picture on your data.</description> <version>1.5</version> </product> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/db"> <name>Playfield DB</name> <price currency="cad">599</price> <description>Organize your data.</description> </product> </products>

XSL <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="html" indent="no"/> <xsl:template match="/products"> <html> <head> <title>Cascading Style Sheet</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="table.css" title="Style"/> </head> <body> <table> <tr class="header"> <td>Name</td> <td>Price</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <xsl:apply-templates/> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="product[position() mod 2 = 1]"> <tr class="odd"> <td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="description"/></td> </tr> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="product"> <tr class="even"> <td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="price"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="description"/></td> </tr> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

CSS .header { background-color: #999999; font-weight: bold; } .odd { background-color: normal; } .even { background-color: #dfdfdf; }

Processing Multiple XML Files Using a Single XSL

XML File 1 (products.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="products.xsl" type="text/xsl"?> <products> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/text"> <name>Playfield Text</name> <price currency="usd">299</price> <description>Faster than the competition.</description> <version>1.0</version> </product> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/virus"> <name>Playfield Virus</name> <price currency="eur">199</price> <description> Protect yourself against malicious code. </description> <version>5.0</version> </product> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/calc"> <name>Playfield Calc</name> <price currency="usd">299</price> <description>Clear picture on your data.</description> <version>1.5</version> </product> <product href="http://www.playfield.com/db"> <name>Playfield DB</name> <price currency="cad">599</price> <description>Organize your data.</description> </product> </products>

XML File 2 (currencies.xml) <?xml version="1.0"?> <currencies> <currency> <code>eur</code> <name>Euros</name> </currency> <currency> <code>usd</code> <name>Dollars</name> </currency> <currency> <code>cad</code> <name>Canadian dollars</name> </currency> </currencies>

XSL File <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="html" indent="no"/> <xsl:variable name="currencies" select="document('currencies.xml')/currencies"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <head><title>Multiple documents</title></head> <body> <table> <tr bgcolor="#999999"> <td>Name</td> <td>Price</td> <td>Description</td> <td>Version</td> </tr> <xsl:apply-templates/> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="product"> <xsl:variable name="currency" select="price/@currency"/> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td> <td> <xsl:value-of select="price"/> <xsl:text> </xsl:text> <xsl:value-of select="$currencies/currency[code=$currency]/name"/> </td> <td><xsl:value-of select="description"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="version"/></td> </tr> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

Using XSLT and JavaScript Together (on products.xml)

products.xsl modified <?xml version="1.0"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:output method="html" indent="no"/> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <head> <title>JavaScript</title> <script language="JavaScript"><xsl:comment> // creates and initializes an array of product descriptions var urls = new Array() <xsl:for-each select="products/product"> urls[<xsl:value-of select="position()"/>] = "<xsl:value-of select="@href"/>" </xsl:for-each> // user function function doSelect(i) { open(urls[i]) } // </xsl:comment></script> </head> <body> <ul> <xsl:for-each select="products/product"> <li><a href="javascript:doSelect({position()})"> <xsl:value-of select="name"/> </a></li> </xsl:for-each> </ul> </body> </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet>

5 xsl (formatting xml documents)

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