45 Days C++ Programming Language Training in Ambala

45 Days C++ Programming
Training In Ambala
www.batracomputercentre.com
Email id: info.jatinbatra@gmail.com Ph. No.: 9729666670, 4000670

Introduction To C++
• C++ is a middle-level programming language
developed by Bjarne Stroustrup starting in
1979 at Bell Labs. C++ runs on a variety of
platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the
various versions of UNIX.

History of C++
• C++ Development started in 1979.During the creation of Ph.D.
thesis, Bjarne Stroustrup worked with language called Simula.
• Bjarne Stroustrup identified that this OOP features can be
included in the software development
• C++ is also called as C with classes
• Stroustrup states that the purpose of C++ is to make writing good
programs easier and more pleasant for the individual
programmer.
• After that Bjarne Stroustrup started working on the C language
and added more extra OOP features to the classic C.He added
features in such a fashion that the basic flavor of C remains
unaffected.
• C++ programming language is extension to C Language. In C we
have already used increment operator (++). Therefore we called
C++ as “Incremented C” means Extension to C.

Characteristics Of C++
• C++ Provides huge Function Library that’s why its
popularity is increasing day by day and more
programmers are inclining towards C++ due to its
multiple features –
• C++ is an Object Oriented Programming
Language (OOPL).
• C++ have huge Function Library
• C++ is highly Flexible language with Versatility.
• C++ can be used for developing System Software viz.,
operating systems, compilers, editors and data bases.
• C++ is suitable for Development of Reusable Software.
, thus reduces cost of software development.
• C++ is a Machine Independent Language.

Features Of C++
1. Objects
2. Classes
3. Abstraction
4. Encapsulation
5. Inheritance
6. Overloading
7. Exception Handling

Objects
• Objects are the basic unit of OOP. They are
instances of class, which have data members
and uses various member functions to
perform tasks.

Classes
• Class can also be defined as user defined
data type but it also contains functions in it.
So, class is basically a blueprint for object. It
declare & defines what data variables the
object will have and what operations can be
performed on the class's object.

Abstraction
• Abstraction refers to showing only the
essential features of the application and
hiding the details. In C++, classes provide
methods to the outside world to access & use
the data variables, but the variables are
hidden from direct access. This can be done
access specifiers.

Encapsulation
• It can also be said data binding.
Encapsulation is all about binding the data
variables and functions together in class.

Inheritance
• Inheritance is a way to reuse once written
code again and again. The class which is
inherited is called base calls & the class which
inherits is called derived class. So when, a
derived class inherits a base class, the
derived class can use all the functions which
are defined in base class, hence making code
reusable.

Overloading
• It is a feature, which lets us create functions
with same name but different arguments,
which will perform differently. That is
function with same name, functioning in
different way. Or, it also allows us to redefine
a function to provide its new definition. You
will learn how to do this in details soon in
coming lessons.

Variables In C++
• A variable provides us with named storage that our
programs can manipulate.
• Each variable in C++ has a specific type, which
determines the size and layout of the variable's
memory.
• the range of values that can be stored within that
memory;
• the set of operations that can be applied to the
variable.
• The name of a variable can be composed of letters,
digits, and the underscore character.
• It must begin with either a letter or an underscore.
• Upper and lowercase letters are distinct because C++
is case-sensitive.

Constants In C++
• Constants refer to fixed values that the
program may not alter and they are
called literals.
• Constants can be of any of the basic data
types and can be divided into Integer
Numerals, Floating-Point Numerals,
Characters, Strings and Boolean Values.

1) User Defined Data
Types
• These are the type, that user creates as a
class. In C++ these are classes where as in C it
was implemented by structures.

a) Structures
• Structure is the collection of variables of different
types under a single name for better visualization of
problem and can hold data of one or more types.
• The struct keyword defines a structure type
followed by an identifier(name of the structure).
Then inside the curly braces, you can declare one or
more members (declare variables inside curly
braces) of that structure. For example:
struct person { char name[50]; int age; float salary;
};

b) Unions
• Unions allow one portion of memory
to be accessed as different data
types. Its declaration and use is
similar to the one of structures, but
its functionality is totally different.
For Example:
union type_name { member_type1
member_name1; member_type2 member_name2;
member_type3 member_name3; . . }
object_names;

c) Enumeration
Enumerated types are types that are defined
with a set of custom identifiers, known
as enumerators, as possible values. Objects
of these enumerated types can take any of
these enumerators as value.
Their syntax is:
This creates the type type_name, which can
take any of value1, value2, value3, ... as value.
Objects (variables) of this type can directly
be instantiated as object_names.

d) Class
• C++ offers a new user-defined data type
known as class, which forms the basis of
object-oriented programming. A class acts as
a template which defines the data and
functions that are included in an object of a
class. Classes are declared using the keyword
class. Once a class has been declared, its
object can be easily created.

2) Built In Data Type
• The basic (fundamental) data types provided by
C++ are integral, floating point and void data
type. Among these data types, the integral and
floating-point data types can be preceded by
several type modifiers.

a) Int
• Numbers without the fractional part
represent integer data. In C++, the int data
type is used to store integers such as 4, 42,
5233, -32, -745. Thus, it cannot store
numbers such as 4.28, -62.533.

b) Char
• Characters refer to the alphabet, numbers
and other characters (such as {, @, #, etc.)
defined in the ASCII character set. In C++, the
char data type is also treated as an integer
data type as the characters are internally
stored as integers that range in value from -
128 to 127

c) Float
• A floating-point data type is used to store
real numbers such as 3 .28, 64. 755765, 8.01,
-24.53. This data type includes float and
double' data types.

3) Derived Data Types
• Data types that are derived from the built-in
data types are known as derived data types.
The various derived data types provided by
C++ are arrays, functions, pointers and
references.

a) Array
• An array is a set of elements of the same data
type that are referred to by the same name.
All the elements in an array are stored at
contiguous memory locations and each
element is accessed by a unique index or
subscript value. The subscript value indicates
the position of an element in an array.

b) Functions
• A function is a self-contained program
segment that carries out a specific well-
defined task. In C++, every program contains
one or more functions which can be invoked
from other parts of a program, if required.

c) Pointers
• A pointer is a variable that can store the
memory address of another variable.
Pointers allow to use the memory
dynamically. That is, with the help of
pointers, memory can be allocated or de-
allocated to the variables at run-time, thus,
making a program more efficient.

d) References
• A reference is an alternative name for a
variable. That is, a reference is an alias for a
variable in a program. A variable and its
reference can be used interchangeably in a
program as both refer to the same memory
location

Loops in C++
1. Loop control statements change execution
from its normal sequence. When execution
leaves a scope, all automatic objects that
were created in that scope are destroyed.

Loop Type Description
For Loop
Execute a sequence of statements
multiple times and abbreviates the code
that manages the loop variable.
While Loop
Repeats a statement or group of
statements while a given condition is
true. It tests the condition before
executing the loop body.
Do while loop
Like a while statement, except that it
tests the condition at the end of the loop
body
Nested Loops
You can use one or more loop inside any
another while, for or do..while loop.

Decision Making Statements
• Decision making structures require that the
programmer specify one or more conditions
to be evaluated or tested by the program,
along with a statement or statements to be
executed if the condition is determined to be
true, and optionally, other statements to be
executed if the condition is determined to be
false.

Statements Description
If Statement
An if statement consists of a boolean
expression followed by one or more
statements.
If… Else Statement
An if statement can be followed by an
optional else statement, which
executes when the boolean expression
is false.
Switch Statements
A switch statement allows a variable to
be tested for equality against a list of
values.
Nested if statements
You can use one if or else if statement
inside another if or else if statement(s).
Nested Switch
Statements
You can use one switch statement
inside another switch statement(s).

Basic Input/output
• The C++ standard libraries provide an extensive set of
input/output capabilities which we will see in
subsequent chapters. This chapter will discuss very
basic and most common I/O operations required for
C++ programming.
• C++ I/O occurs in streams, which are sequences of
bytes. If bytes flow from a device like a keyboard, a
disk drive, or a network connection etc. to main
memory, this is called input operation and if bytes
flow from main memory to a device like a display
screen, a printer, a disk drive, or a network
connection, etc, this is called output operation.

Output Stream
The predefined object cout is an instance
of ostream class. The cout object is said to be
"connected to" the standard output device, which
usually is the display screen. The cout is used in
conjunction with the stream insertion operator,
which is written as << which are two less than
signs as shown in the following example.
cout << "Value of str is : " << str << endl;

Input Stream
The predefined object cin is an instance
of istream class. The cin object is said to be
attached to the standard input device, which
usually is the keyboard. The cin is used in
conjunction with the stream extraction
operator, which is written as >> which are two
greater than signs as shown in the following
example.
cin >> name;

C++ Programming
Language
www.batracomputercentre.comwww.batracomputercentre.com

C++ Programming Language
• Introduction
• Classes, Objects
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Overloading
• Encapsulation
• Constructor &
Destructor
• Function
• Pointers Structure
• Arrays & Strings
• Structures, Union

SCO-15 Dayal Bagh,
Near Panchmukhi Hanuman Mandir,
Ambala Cantt- 133001
Haryana
Ph. NO. : 4000670, 97296666770
info.jatinbatra@gmail.com

45 Days C++ Programming Language Training in Ambala

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45 Days C++ Programming Language Training in Ambala