01. Introduction to Programming

Introduction to Programming
Creating and Running
Your First C# Program
Svetlin Nakov
Technical Trainer
www.nakov.com
Software University
http://softuni.bg

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1. What is Computer Programming?
2. Your First C# Program
3. What is C#?
4. What is .NET Framework?
5. What is Visual Studio?
 Compiling, Running and
Debugging C# Programs
6. What is MSDN Library?
Table of Contents

4
Computer programming: creating a sequence of
instructions to enable the computer to do something
Define: Computer Programming
Definition by Google

5
 Define a task / problem
 Plan your solution
 Find suitable algorithm / data structures to use
 Find suitable libraries / platforms / frameworks
 Write source code (step by step)
 Fix program errors (bugs)
 Install, configure and run the software
 Fix / improve the software over the time
Software Development Phases
= Specification
= Architecture / Design
= Implementation
= Testing & Debugging
= Deployment
= Maintenance

Sample C# program:
using System;
class HelloCSharp
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, C#");
}
}
First Look at C#
7

C# Code – How It Works?
8
using System;
class HelloCSharp
{
static void Main()
{
}
}
Include the standard .NET
namespace "System"
Define a class called
"HelloCSharp"
Define the Main()
method – the
program entry point
Print a text on the console by calling the
method "WriteLine" of the class "Console"

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The C# Code Should Be Well Formatted
using System;
class HelloCSharp
{
static void Main()
{
}
}
The { symbol should be
alone on a new line.
The block after the { symbol
should be indented by a TAB.
The } symbol should be
under the corresponding {.
Class names should use PascalCase
and start with a CAPITAL letter.

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Example of Bad Code Formatting
using
System
;
class HelloCSharp {
static
void Main( ) { Console
. WriteLine ("Hello, C#" ) ;Console.
WriteLine ( "Hello again"
) ;}}
Such formatting makes the
source code unreadable

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 C# is a modern programming language
 A syntax that allows to give instructions to the computer
 C# features:
 Extremely powerful
 Easy to learn
 Easy to read and understand
 Object-oriented
 Functional programming features
What is "C#"?

12
 A programming language
 C#
 Problem to solve
 IDE, compilers, SDK
 Visual Studio, .NET Framework SDK
 Set of useful standard classes
 Microsoft .NET Framework FCL
 Help documentation
 MSDN Library
What You Need to Program?

Your First C# Program
Live Demo

15
 Environment for execution of .NET programs (CLR)
 Powerful library of classes (FCL)
 Programming model
 Common execution engine for many programming languages
 C#
 Visual Basic .NET
 Managed C++
 ... and many others
What is .NET Framework?

 The building blocks of .NET Framework
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Inside .NET Framework
Operating System (Windows / Linux)
FCL
CLR
Languages
OS
Common Language Runtime (CLR) + DLR (for Dynamic Languages)
Base Class Library (BCL) – I/O, Threading, Collections, Strings, …
ADO.NET, Entity Framework, LINQ, XML (Data Tier)
ASP.NET
MVC, Web Forms,
Web API, SignalR
WCF, WWF (Communication / Workflow Tier)
WPF &
XAML
Windows
Store Apps
Windows
Forms
Silverlight,
WP7 / WP8
C# VB.NET Managed C++ F# Python Delphi …

17
 Common Language Runtime (CLR)
 Managed execution environment (virtual machine)
 Executes .NET applications
 Controls the execution process
 Automatic memory management (garbage collection)
 Programming languages integration
 Multiple versions support for assemblies
 Integrated type safety and security
CLR – The Heart of .NET Framework
CLR

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 Framework Class Library (FCL)
 Provides basic classes for developers:
 Console applications
 Web applications and web services
 XAML, WPF, Silverlight rich-media applications
 Windows Forms and WPF GUI applications
 Windows Store applications
 Database applications
 Applications for mobile devices
Framework Class Library

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 Visual Studio – Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
 Development tool that helps us to:
 Write code
 Design user interface
 Compile code
 Execute / test / debug applications
 Browse the help
 Manage project's files
Visual Studio

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 Single tool for:
 Writing code in many languages (C#, VB.NET, Python, …)
 Using different technologies (Web Forms, MVC, WPF, EF, WCF, …)
 For different platforms (Win8, Silverlight, Windows Phone, …)
 Full integration of most development activities (coding,
compiling, testing, debugging, deployment, version control, ...)
 Very easy to use!
Benefits of Visual Studio

Visual Studio
Compiling, Running and Debugging C# Programs

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1. File  New  Project ...
2. Choose Visual C#  Console Application
3. Choose project directory and name
Creating New Console Application

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4. Visual Studio creates some source code for you
Creating New Console Application (2)
Namespace
not required
Class name
should be
changed
Most imports are
not required
File name
should be
changed

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 The process of compiling includes:
 Syntactic checks
 Type safety checks
 Translation of the source code to lower level language (MSIL)
 Creating executable files (assemblies)
 You can start compilation by
 Using Build->Build Solution/Project
 Pressing [F6] or [Shift+Ctrl+B]
Compiling the Source Code

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 The process of running application includes:
 Compiling (if project not compiled)
 Starting the application
 You can run application by:
 Using Debug->Start menu
 By pressing [F5] or [Ctrl+F5]
* NOTE: Not all types of projects are able to be started!
Running Programs

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 The process of debugging application includes:
 Spotting an error
 Finding the lines of code that cause the error
 Fixing the error in the code
 Testing to check if the error is gone and no new
errors are introduced
 Iterative and continuous process
 Debuggers help a lot
Debugging The Code

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 Visual Studio has a
built-in debugger
 It provides:
 Breakpoints
 Ability to trace the code
execution
 Ability to inspect
variables at runtime
Debugging in Visual Studio

Visual Studio
Compiling, Running and Debugging
C# Programs – Live Demo

Visual Studio
Blank Solution
Creating a Solution without any Projects

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 A Visual Studio blank solution
 Solution with no projects in it
 Projects to be added later
 Why we need a blank
solution in Visual Studio?
 First create a blank solution for your homework
 Then create a project for each assignment from the homework
What Is a Blank Solution?

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Creating a Blank Solution in Visual Studio

Visual Studio Blank Solution
Live Demo

 Complete documentation of all classes and their functionality
 With descriptions of all methods, properties, events, etc.
 With code examples
 For all Microsoft technologies
 Related articles
 Library of samples
 MSDN Library is available at
msdn.microsoft.com/library
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What is MSDN Library?

37
 Search in Google for certain class / method / property
 E.g.
 Or
 Or
 Use Visual Studio's built-in help system
 Press [F1] in Visual Studio in the code
 Browse http://msdn.microsoft.com
How to Use MSDN Library?
Press [F1] to view
the documentation

MSDN Library
Browsing the Documentation – Live Demo

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 Programming: creating a sequence of instructions
(source code)
 C#: modern programming language, easy to learn
 C# programs: class + main method + code in it
 .NET Framework – a modern platform for
software development by Microsoft
 Visual Studio – powerful IDE for .NET developers:
write / compile / execute / debug code
 MSDN Library – the C# and .NET documentation
Summary

?
Introduction to Programming
http://softuni.bg/courses/csharp-basics

License
 This course (slides, examples, demos, videos, homework, etc.)
is licensed under the "Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International" license
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 Attribution: this work may contain portions from
 "Fundamentals of Computer Programming with C#" book by Svetlin Nakov & Co. under CC-BY-SA license
 "C# Part I" course by Telerik Academy under CC-BY-NC-SA license

Free Trainings @ Software University
 Software University Foundation – softuni.org
 Software University – High-Quality Education,
Profession and Job for Software Developers
 softuni.bg
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