MS Sql Server: Doing Calculations With Functions
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This document discusses mathematical functions in SQL Server that can perform calculations on table columns, such as SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, and COUNT. It provides examples of using these aggregate functions to find the total booty, average booty, maximum booty, minimum booty, and number of cases in a sample robberies table. The document also notes that these functions cannot be used with a WHERE clause and explains how to instead use HAVING, ANY, or IN. It describes combining aggregate functions with GROUP BY and using multiple aggregates together.
MS Sql Server: Doing Calculations With Functions
- 1. 10SQL SERVER: DOINGCALCULATIONS WITH FUNCTIONS
- 2. Mathematical FunctionsCan mathematical functions be used on my tables? Yes. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 provides several mathematical functions such as sum(col), avg(col), min(col), max(col), count(col) etc. In SQL, they are referred to as aggregate functions as they work upon aggregates of rows.Functions Explained:Sum(fieldName): Find the sum of field values of all recordsAvg(fieldName): Find the average of field values of all recordsMin(fieldName): Find the minimum of the field values of all recordsMax(fieldName): Find the maximum of the field values of all recordsCount(fieldName): Find the number of field values in the table records
- 3. Mathematical FunctionsConsider an Interpol database which contains a table of the biggest robberies that took place this year, all around the world.Now, lets look into the application of math functions over this table.
- 4. Mathematical Functions1. Find the TOTAL booty of all the robberies:Select sum(booty) from robberies;2. Find the Average booty of all the robberies:Select avg(booty) from robberies;3. Find the robbery with the maximal bootySelect max(booty) from robberies;4. Find the robbery with the minimal bootySelect min(booty) from robberies;5. Find the number of robbery cases:Select count(booty) from robberies;
- 5. Using as conditionHEY??? I CANNOT USE THESE FUNCTIONS WITH MY ‘WHERE’ CONDITION???Microsoft SQL Server 2008 restricts the user to use these functions with ‘WHERE’ conditions. Therefore, to solve our problem three keywords: ‘having’, ‘any’ and ‘in’select * from tablename having <condition>;select * from tablename where colname=any(cond);select * from tablename where colname in (condition);
- 6. Advanced AggregatesIS THERE ANY OTHER MODIFICATION TO THESE FUNCTIONS? We can combine these functions with ‘group by’ function for better results.select sum(col1),col2 from tablename group by col2;The above command will find out the sum of each group from column 2 More than one aggregate functions can be used simultaneously, seperated by commas.Eg: select sum(col1), count(col1) from tablename;Consider the example in the next slide.
- 7. Advanced AggregatesConsider an employee table:Find the Number of Employees working in each department:Select count(empid), depid from employee;Result:
- 8. Additional Functions upper (fieldName)Converts the value of fieldName to upper case. Can be used with strings. lower (fieldName)Converts the value of fieldName to lowercase. Can be used with strings.
- 9. Summary10. Doing Calculations with functions Sum
- 10. Avg
- 11. Count
- 12. Min
- 13. Max
- 14. Count
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