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Agenda

Agenda
Introduction 01
Introduction
to Python
Getting Started 02
Concepts 03
Practical Approach 04
Installing and working
with Python
Looking at code to
understand theory
Overview of the
concepts in Python

Introduction to Python

Introduction to Python
Open Source
Python is a powerful high-level, object-oriented programming
language created by Guido van Rossum.
What is Python?
Largest community for
Learners and Collaborators
Let’s get started then!
I created
Python!
No. It wasn't named after a
dangerous snake.
Rossum was fan of a comedy
series from late seventies.
The name "Python" was
adopted from the same
series "Monty Python's
Flying Circus".

Why is Python so popular?

Popularity Of Python
Learning other
languages
Learning
Python
Python is very
beginner-friendly!
Hello Python!
Syntax is extremely
simple to read and
follow!
Millions of happy learners!
I’m a happy coder!

Unique Features of Python

Features Of Python
0102
03 04
0506
07
Simple language - Easier to learnFree and Open-Source
Portability Extensible and Embeddable
Large Standard Libraries High Level – Interpreted Language
Object Oriented You shall master Python!

Why should you learn Python?

Why Should You Learn Python?
Length of the code is relatively short
Python is a general-purpose language
Wide range of applications
Fun to work with!
Web Development Mathematical Computations Graphical User Interface

4 Reasons to Choose Python

Reasons to Choose Python as First Language
We can fetch any number of reasons for you!
a = 2
b = 3
sum = a + b
print(sum)
Why? The syntax feels natural.
Simple Elegant Syntax
Programming in Python is fun!
It's easier to understand and write Python code

No need to define the type of a variable in Python
Also, no semicolon at the end of the statement
Not overly strict
Phew, no more
semicolon!!!
Python enforces you to follow good practices (like proper
indentation)

Python allows you to write programs having greater
functionality with fewer lines of code
Expressiveness of the language
Woah
Python <3
You will be amazed how much you can do with Python
once you learn the basics

Python has a large supporting community
Great Community and Support
We have an amazing community with lots of videos, blogs
and course certifications on Python!

Installing And Running Python

Installing And Running Python
6 very simple steps to install Python!
Go to the official Python download page on the official site and click Download Python 3.6.0
When the download is completed, double-click the file and follow the instructions to install it.
When Python is installed, a program called IDLE is also installed along with it. It provides
graphical user interface to work with Python.
To create a file in IDLE, go to File > New Window (Shortcut: Ctrl+N)
Write Python code and save (Shortcut: Ctrl+S) with .py file extension
Go to Run > Run module (Shortcut: F5) and you can see the output.

Development Environments

Development Environments
There are a lot of environments you can use!
Komodo IDE

Compiling v/s Interpreting

Compiling v/s Interpreting
Python is directly interpreted into machine instructions!
compile execute
outputsource code
Hello.java
byte code
Hello.class
interpret
outputsource code
Hello.py
I’m learning Python!

Basics of Python

Expressions
Diving into the heart of Python!
Expression: A data value or set of operations to compute a value.
Examples: 1 + 4 * 3
42
Arithmetic operators we will use:
• + - * / addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
• % modulus, a.k.a. remainder
• ** exponentiation
Precedence: Order in which operations are computed.
• * / % ** have a higher precedence than + -
1 + 3 * 4 is 13
• Parentheses can be used to force a certain order of evaluation.
(1 + 3) * 4 is 16

Math Commands
Python has useful commands for performing calculations!
Command name Description
abs(value) absolute value
ceil(value) rounds up
cos(value) cosine, in radians
floor(value) rounds down
log(value) logarithm, base e
log10(value) logarithm, base 10
max(value1, value2) larger of two values
min(value1, value2) smaller of two values
round(value) nearest whole number
sin(value) sine, in radians
sqrt(value) square root
Constant Description
e 2.7182818...
pi 3.1415926...

Variables
Variable is a named piece of memory that can store a value!
• Usage:
– Compute an expression's result,
– store that result into a variable,
– and use that variable later in the program.
Assignment statement: Stores a value into a variable.
• Syntax:
name = value
• Examples: x = 5
gpa = 3.14
• A variable that has been given a value can be used in
expressions.
x + 4 is 9

Basic Datatypes
Many datatypes to choose from in Python!
Integers (default for numbers)
z = 5 / 2 # Answer 2, integer division
Floats
x = 3.456
Strings
Can use “” or ‘’ to specify with “abc” == ‘abc’
Unmatched can occur within the string: “matt’s”
Use triple double-quotes for multi-line strings or strings than contain
both ‘ and “ inside of them:
“““a‘b“c”””

Whitespaces
Whitespace is meaningful in Python: Especially indentation and placement of newlines
Use a newline to end a line of code
Use when must go to next line prematurely
No braces {} to mark blocks of code, use consistent indentation instead
•First line with less indentation is outside of the block
•First line with more indentation starts a nested block
Colons start of a new block in many constructs, e.g. function definitions, then
clauses.

Comments
Comments help us understand the code better!
Start comments with #, rest of line is ignored
Can include a “documentation string” as the first line of a new function or class you define
Development environments, debugger, and other tools use it: it’s good style to include one.
#ImAComment

Assignment
So how do you put some value in a variable?
Binding a variable in Python means setting a name to hold a reference to some object
Assignment creates references, not copies!
Names in Python do not have an intrinsic type, objects have types
Python determines the type of the reference automatically based on what data
is assigned to it
You create a name the first time it appears on the left side of an assignment
expression:
x = 3
A reference is deleted via garbage collection after any names bound to it have passed
out of scope.
Python uses reference semantics (more later)

A Quick Break!
Python and it’s big players around the world!

Naming Rules
Watch out for reserved words!
Names are case sensitive and cannot start with a number. They can contain
letters, numbers, and underscores.
bob Bob _bob _2_bob_ bob_2 BoB
There are some reserved words:
and, assert, break, class, continue, def, del, elif, else, except, exec,
finally, for, from, global, if, import, in, is, lambda, not, or, pass, print,
raise, return, try, while

Naming Conventions
We have 3 recommended conventions
The Python community has these recommended naming conventions
• joined_lower for functions, methods and, attributes!
• joined_lower or ALL_CAPS for constants!
• StudlyCaps for classes!
Attributes: interface, _internal, __private

Assignment – An Easier Way?
Less of typing means more of coding!
You can assign to multiple names at the same time
>>> x, y = 2, 3
>>> x
2
>>> y
3
This makes it easy to swap values
>>> x, y = y, x
Assignments can be chained
>>> a = b = x = 2

Accessing Non-Existent Names
Let’s see how we can raise an error!
Accessing a name before it’s been properly created (by placing
it on the left side of an assignment), raises an error
>>> y
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in -toplevel-
y
NameError: name ‘y' is not defined
>>> y = 3
>>> y
3

Casting
We can explicitly convert based on requirement
Casting in python is therefore done using constructor functions:
•int() - constructs an integer number from an integer literal, a float literal (by
rounding down to the previous whole number), or a string literal (providing the string
represents a whole number)
•float() - constructs a float number from an integer literal, a float literal or a string
literal (providing the string represents a float or an integer)
•str() - constructs a string from a wide variety of data types, including strings, integer
literals and float literals

Casting
We can explicitly convert based on requirement
x = int(1) # x will be 1
y = int(2.8) # y will be 2
z = int("3") # z will be 3
x = float(1) # x will be 1.0
y = float(2.8) # y will be 2.8
z = float("3") # z will be 3.0
w = float("4.2") # w will be 4.2
x = str("s1") # x will be 's1'
y = str(2) # y will be '2'
z = str(3.0) # z will be '3.0'
Told you
Python is
real easy!

Let’s Code

Python Operators

Arithmetic Operators
We can perform common math operations easily!
Operator Name Example
+ Addition x + y
- Subtraction x – y
* Multiplication x * y
/ Division x / y
* Modulus x % y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor Division x // y

Assignment Operators
We can assign values to variables easily!
Operator Example Same As
= x = 5 x = 5
+= x += 3 x = x + 3
-= x -= 3 x = x – 3
*= x *= 3 x= x * 3
&= x &= 3 x = x & 3
>>= x >>= 3 x = x >> 3
<<= x <<= 3 x = x <<3

Comparison Operators
We can compare two values easily!
Operator Name Example
== Equal x == y
!= Not Equal x != y
> Greater Than x > y
< Less Than x < y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y

Logical Operators
Can we combine conditional statements?
Yes, we can!
Operator Description Example
And
Returns True if both
statements are true
x < 5 and x < 10
Or
Returns True if one of
the statements is true
x < 5 or x < 4
Not
Reverse the result,
returns False if the result
is True
not(x , 5 and x < 10)

Identity Operators
Compare objects, not to check if they are equal
but to check if they are the same object
Operator Description Example
is
Returns True if both variables
are same object
x is y
is not
Returns True if both variables
are not same object
x is not y

Bitwise Operators
Let’s compare binary numbers and operate on them!
Operator Name Description
& AND Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
| OR Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits are 1
^ XOR Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits in 1
~ NOT Inverts all the bits
<< Zero fill left shift
Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the
leftmost bits fall off
>> Signed right shift
Shift right by pushing copies of leftmost bit in from the left
and let the rightmost bits fall off

Python Lists – Back to Code!

List Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use!
Method Description
append() Adds an element at the end of the list
clear() Removes all the elements from the list
copy() Returns a copy of the list
count() Returns the number of elements with the specified value
extend() Add the elements of a list to the end of the current list
index() Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
insert() Adds an element at the specified position
pop() Removes the element at the specified position
remove() Removes the item with the specified value
reverse() Reverses the order of the list
sort() Sorts the list

Python Tuples – Back to Code!

Tuple Methods
Python has two built-in methods you can use on tuples!
Method Description
count()
Returns the number of times a specified value occurs
in a tuple
index()
Searches the tuple for a specified value and returns
the position of where it was found

Python Sets – Back to Code!

Set Methods
Python has two built-in methods you can use on tuples!
Method Description
add() Adds an element to the set
clear() Removes all the elements from the set
copy() Returns a copy of the set
difference()
Returns a set containing the difference between two
or more sets
difference_update()
Removes the items in this set that are also included
in another specified set
discard() Remove the specified item
intersection() Returns the intersection of two other set
issubset() Returns whether another set contains this set or not
pop() Removes an element from the set

Python Dictionaries – Back to Code!

Dictionary Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods you can use on dictionaries
Method Description
clear() Removes all the elements from the dictionary
copy() Returns a copy of the dictionary
fromkeys() Returns a dictionary with specified keys and values
get() Returns the value of the specified key
items() Returns a list containing the tuple for each key value pair
keys() Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys
update() Updates the dictionary with specified key-valu pairs
pop() Removes an element from the dictionary

Condition Statements – More Code!

Looping In Python – Easy Code!

Python Functions – Easier Than You Think!

Arrays – Simple And Straightforward!

Array Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods you can use on lists/arrays!
Method Description
clear() Removes all the elements from the array
copy() Returns a copy of the array
count() Returns the number of elements with the specified value
insert() Adds an element at the specified position
pop() Removes an element at the specified position
remove() Removes the first item with the specified value
reverse() Reverses the order of the array
sort() Sorts the array

Classes & Objects – OOP (Code Again!)

Modules – Last Concept For The Session!

Conclusion

Python Tutorial For Beginners | Python Crash Course - Python Programming Language Tutorial | Edureka

Python Tutorial For Beginners | Python Crash Course - Python Programming Language Tutorial | Edureka

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