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    Uji Karsinogenik & Mutagenik

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    Mariadi Caniago
    This document discusses mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It defines mutagenesis as inducing various changes in genetic information of an organism/cell not caused by normal recombination processes. It describes the four main categories of mutagenesis tests and notes that follow up tests are conducted if false negative results are obtained initially. It also discusses the Ames test, its elements and results. Finally, it covers types of carcinogens, mechanisms of carcinogenic action including genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens, and long-term carcinogenicity testing in animals.

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    Uji Karsinogenik & Mutagenik

    Uploaded by

    Mariadi Caniago
    762 views23 pages
    This document discusses mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It defines mutagenesis as inducing various changes in genetic information of an organism/cell not caused by normal recombination processes. It describes the four main categories of mutagenesis tests and notes that follow up tests are conducted if false negative results are obtained initially. It also discusses the Ames test, its elements and results. Finally, it covers types of carcinogens, mechanisms of carcinogenic action including genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens, and long-term carcinogenicity testing in animals.

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    This document discusses mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It defines mutagenesis as inducing various changes in genetic information of an organism/cell not caused by normal recombination processes. It describes the four main categories of mutagenesis tests and notes that follow up tests are conducted if false negative results are obtained initially. It also discusses the Ames test, its elements and results. Finally, it covers types of carcinogens, mechanisms of carcinogenic action including genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens, and long-term carcinogenicity testing in animals.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    762 views23 pages

    Uji Karsinogenik & Mutagenik

    Uploaded by

    Mariadi Caniago
    This document discusses mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. It defines mutagenesis as inducing various changes in genetic information of an organism/cell not caused by normal recombination processes. It describes the four main categories of mutagenesis tests and notes that follow up tests are conducted if false negative results are obtained initially. It also discusses the Ames test, its elements and results. Finally, it covers types of carcinogens, mechanisms of carcinogenic action including genotoxic and epigenetic carcinogens, and long-term carcinogenicity testing in animals.

    Copyright:

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    KARSINOGENESIS DAN MUTAGENESIS

    MUTAGENESIS : INDUKSI THDP BERBAGAI PERUBAHAN KADAR INFORMASI DR SUATU ORGANISME/SEL YG TDK DISEBABKAN PROSES REKOMBINAN NORMAL

    4 KATEGORI UTAMA UJI MUTAGENESIS


    1. MUTASI

    GEN 2. PERUBAHAN KROMOSOM 3. PERBAIKAN DNA DAN REKOMBINASI 4. UJI LAIN EVALUASI PEMILIHAN SIST UJI DILAKUKAN BILA DIDPT HASIL NEGATIF PALSU, SHG DILAKUKAN SERANGKAIAN UJI

    Why the Ames test is so useful


    a. it is fast: requires just a few days to complete b. can be performed easily c. many compounds can be tested at one time d. it is very sensitive: can detect one mutation per billion cells e. can detect mutagaens formed as a result of normal cellular function

    Elements of Ames test


    a. tryptophan requiring Salmonella typhimurium: requires tryptophan to grow tryp- bacteria b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum from mouse liver: contains liver enzymes that detoxify ingested material. These enzymes can produce mutagens from normally nonmutagenic chemicals that are ingested. c. chemical in question

    Results of Ames test


    if chemical is a mutagen then trypbacteria will be mutated to tryp+ bacteria

    Doing the Ames test

    KARSINOGENESITAS
    KARSINOGENESIS KIMIA: INDUKSI/PENINGKATAN NEOPLASIA OLEH ZAT 2X KIMIA RESPON SUATU ORGANISME THDP KARSINOGEN: 1. ME FREKUENSI 1/BBRP JENIS TUMOR 2. PERKEMBANGAN TUMOR TDK TAMPAK DLM KLMP PEMBANDING 3. MUNCUL TUMOR LEBIH AWAL 4. JUML TUMOR LEBIH TINGG

    MACAM-MACAM KARSINOGEN
    LINGKUNGAN : B(a)P, ANILIN ALAM : AFLATOKSIN ELEMEN ANORGANIK: Cd, As RADIASI : X-rays

    80% KARSINOGEN: ENVIRONMENTAL


    COMPONENTS

    KARSINOGEN BERDASARKAN CARA KERJA


    KARSINOGEN

    GENOTOKSIK KARSINOGEN EPIGENETIK

    KARSINOGEN GENOTOKSIK

    KARSINOGEN

    KERJA

    LANGSUNG PROKARSINOGEN

    KARSINOGEN KERJA LANGSUNG


    AKTIF SEC BIOLOGI BERSIFAT ELEKTROFIL LANGSUNG & SPESIFIK BERINTERAKSI DGN MAKROMOLEKUL

    CTH: MUSTARD NITROGEN EPOKSID ALKIL

    PROKARSINOGEN
    DIAKTIVASI SEC LANGSUNG/ PEMBTKAN KARSINOGEN ANTARA Contoh: POLISIKLIK HIDROKARBON AROMATIK AFLAKTOKSIN CCL4

    KARSINOGEN EPIGENETIK
    KOKARSINOGEN PROMOTOR

    KARSINOGEN

    BENDA ASING

    INISIASI
    KERUSAKAN AWAL DNA YG IRREVERSIBEL
    INISIASI SEL SEL NEOPLASTIK

    PROMOSI
    FASE II TJD PERUBAHAN DR SEL NEOPLASTIK MENJD TUMOR, YANG BERSIFAT REVERSIBEL

    UJI KARSINOGENESITAS JANGKA PANJANG


    HEWAN : TIKUS/MENCIT, MARMOT
    SIFAT STRAIN: 1. PEKA THDP KARSINOGEN 2. INSIDEN TUMOR SPONTAN RENCAH 3. LAJU & POLA BIOTRANSFORMASI MIRIP MANUSIA

    LAMA PENELTIIAN : 24 BLN TIKUS 18 BLN MENCIT CARA PEMBERIAN SAMA DGN MANUSIA DOSIS YG DIBERIKAN : HEWAN TETAP HIDUP, TAPI TUMOR AKAN MUNCUL

    PENGAMATAN: BERAT BADAN&KONSUMSI PAKAN PENGAMATAN UMUM UJI LAB: HEMATOLOGI STANDAR PASCA MATI (MAKROS & MIKROSKOPIK) PELAPORAN 1. JUMLAH BERBAGAI JENIS TUMOR 2. JUMLAH HEWAN YG ADA TUMOR 3. JUMLAH TUMOR TIAP HEWAN 4. PERMULAAN MUNCUL TUMOR

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