NS2 Tutorial

Aga Zhang Dependable Computing Lab

Outline
Introduction Fundamental Skills - Tcl and OTcl Network Simulator - ns-2 Study Project - Mobile IP Conclusions

Introduction
NS2 history
Modified from REAL network simulator Developed through VINT project at UCB NS1 vs. NS2

NS version2 is a discrete-event driven and object-oriented network simulator

Type of simulation: continuous, discrete event, and combined

Events Packet and Timer

Retransmit timer start

R1

TCP Packet Ack Retransmit

R2

Fundamental Skills (I)

Scripting language is used to describe a high-level programming language with relatively transparent syntax
button .b text Hello! command {puts hello} ---- tcl command

Scripting languageUnix shells(sh, csh, ), Tcl, Perl,VB, and JavaScript All major computing platforms provide both system programming languages such as C or Java and scripting languages such as Tcl

Fundamental Skills (II)

NS2 is written in C++ and OTcl
OTcl = Tcl + OO C++ implements the code that executed frequently OTcl configures the system
set ns [new Simulator] set n1 [new Node] set n2 [new Node] $ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 5Mb 2ms DropTail

n1

n2

Tcl Tool Command Language

Start: Typing tclsh in Unix shell Instructions using in ns2:
proc add2 {a} { set b [expr $a+1] incr b puts a+2=$b } add2 55 57 set ll [list a b c] lappend $ll d a b c d lindex $ll 0 a llength $ll 4 lsearch linsert lreplace split a.b . a b source file include foreach info exists varNam info tclversion

OTcl MIT Object Tcl

Class son superclass father Class father father instproc init {args} { $self set var_ 0 puts **var_=$var_ eval $self next $args } father ff **var_=0 ff info vars var_ ff set var_ 0 ff info class father father info instances ff son instproc init {args} { puts no var_ } son ss no var_ Class son2 superclass father son instproc init {args} { puts no var_ $self next $args } son2 ss no var_ **var_=0

OTcl Linkage
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
Agent/TCP init Agent init TclObject
Create C++ object Create Otcl shadow object
static class TcpClass : public TclClass { public: TcpClass() : TclClass("Agent/TCP") {} TclObject* create(int, const char*const*) { return (new TcpAgent);} } class_tcp;

OTcl TclObject (C++)

constructor

parent
constructor

TcpAgent
constructor

C++

OTcl Linkage (II)

Command()
Otcl
$tcp advance 10

C++
int Agent::command(int argc, const char*const* argv) { if (argc == 3) { if (strcmp(argv[1], advance") == 0) { int newswq = atoi(argv[2]); return (TCL_OK); } } return (Agent::command(argc, argv); }

OTcl Linkage (III)

bind(): link C++ member variables to Otcl object variables C++
TcpAgent::TcpAgent() { bind(window_, &wnd_); } // bind_time(), bind_bool(), bind_bw()

Otcl
$tcp set window_ 200

You must setting the initial values of variants in ~ns/tcl/lib/nsdefault.tcl

OTcl Linkage (IV)

Invoking Otcl procedure and obtaining its results
Tcl::instance().evalf("%s Lookup_CIP_RT %d", name(), iph>dst().addr_); nextHop = Tcl::instance().result(); Classifier/Addr/Cip instproc Lookup_CIP_RT { m_addr } { return }

Buffer

Passing a results string to Otcl

Tcl::instance().result()

Network Simulator - ns-2

After installing: Add the path of ns2 to your profile, and validate your ns2 Modifying *.cc or *.tcl file if add new one adding its path to makefile(.cc) or ~ns/tcl/lib/ns-lib.tcl(.tcl) Type: make depend make Or make clean configure enable--debug make

The directory of ns2

Simple code (I)

Simple.tcl

Run your program % ns Simple.tcl

Simple code (II)

Simple code (III)

Simple code (IV)

Simple code (V)

Study Project - Mobile IP

Configuring mobile node, HA, and FA New packet header Setting timer for advertisement and registration Processing handoff

Configure mobile node, HA, and FA routingAgent_

Wired node set node(0) [$ns_ node] Wireless&wired node

OFFMN

Motion
# Create HA and FA set HA [$ns_ node 1.0.0] set FA [$ns_ node 2.0.0] $HA random-motion 0 $FA random-motion 0

Close random motion

# Position for base-station nodes (HA & FA). $HA set X_ 1.000000000000 $HA set Y_ 2.000000000000 $HA set Z_ 0.000000000000 $FA set X_ 650.000000000000 $FA set Y_ 600.000000000000 $FA set Z_ 0.000000000000

# create a mobilenode $ns_ node-config -wiredRouting OFF set MH [$ns_ node 1.0.1] set node_(0) $MH set HAaddress [AddrParams addr2id [$HA node-addr]] [$MH set regagent_] set home_agent_ $HAaddress # movement of the MH $MH set Z_ 0.000000000000 $MH set Y_ 2.000000000000 $MH set X_ 2.000000000000 # MH starts to move towards FA $ns_ at 100.00 "$MH setdest 640.0 610.0 20.0" # goes back to HA speed $ns_ at 200.00 "$MH setdest 2.0 2.0 20.0"

destination

Initial position

Mobile Node
0 1 Agent Agent

Node

Base-Station

Packet header
offset_

struct hdr_ip { . static int offset_; // required by PacketHeaderManager inline static hdr_ip* access(Packet* p) { return (hdr_ip*) p->access(offset_); }

Access packet header:

hdr_ip *iph = hdr_ip::access(p); hdr_cmn *ch = hdr_cmn::access(p); iph->dst() = iph->src();

New MIP packet header

static class MIPHeaderClass : public PacketHeaderClass {

Data-structure

public:

MIPHeaderClass() : struct hdr_mip { PacketHeaderClass("PacketHeader/MIP", sizeof(hdr_mip)) { int haddr_; int ha_; bind_offset(&hdr_mip::offset_);} int coa_; } class_miphdr; MipRegType type_; //MIPT_REG_REQUEST, MIPT_REG_REPLY, MIPT_ADS, MIPT_SOL double lifetime_; int seqno_; Setting: static int offset_; inline static hdr_mip* access(const Packet* p) { ~ns/comm/packet.h and return (hdr_mip*) p->access(offset_); ~ns/tcl/lib/ns-packet.tcl } };

Access:

hdr_mip *miph = hdr_mip::access(p)

New Agent
New Agent for sending registration packet periodically class SimpleTimer : public TimerHandler { Data-structure
class MIPMHAgent : public Agent { public: MIPMHAgent(); void recv(Packet *, Handler *); void timeout(int); protected: void reg(); int ha_; /* home agent address */ int coa_; /* care-of-address */ double reg_rtx_; /* retransmitting time */ SimpleTimer rtx_timer_; RegTimer reg_timer_; double reglftm_; /* registration lifetime */ double adlftm_; /* current ads lifetime */ };
public: SimpleTimer(Agent *a) : TimerHandler() { a_ = a; } protected: inline void expire(Event*){ a_>timeout(MIP_TIMER_SIMPLE); } Agent *a_; }; class RegTimer : public TimerHandler { public: RegTimer(MIPMHAgent *a) : TimerHandler() { a_ = a; } protected: Inline void expire(Event *) { a_->timeout(MIP_TIMER_REG);} MIPMHAgent *a_;};

New Agent (II)

Time-out
void MIPMHAgent::timeout(int tno){ switch (tno) { case MIP_TIMER_SIMPLE: reg(); break; case MIP_TIMER_REG: seqno_++; reg(); break; default: break; } }

Receiving reply
void MIPMHAgent::recv(Packet* p, Handler *){ Tcl& tcl = Tcl::instance(); hdr_mip *miph = hdr_mip::access(p); switch (miph->type_) { case MIPT_REG_REPLY: tcl.evalf("%s update-reg %d", name_, coa_); if (rtx_timer_.status() == TIMER_PENDING) rtx_timer_.cancel(); reg_timer_.resched(miph->lifetime_-0.5); break; case MIPT_ADS: reg(); break; default: Packet::free(p); break; } }

New Agent (III)

class MIPMHAgent : public Agent { public: MIPMHAgent(); void recv(Packet *, Handler *); .. SimpleTimer rtx_timer_; RegTimer reg_timer_; }; static class MIPMHAgentClass : public TclClass { MIPMHAgentClass() : TclClass("Agent/MIPMH") {} TclObject* create(int, const char*const*) { return (new MIPMHAgent()); } } class_mipmhagent; MIPMHAgent::MIPMHAgent() { bind("adSize_", &size_); } void MIPMHAgent::recv(Packet* p, Handler *){ hdr_mip *miph = hdr_mip::access(p); switch (miph->type_) { case MIPT_REG_REPLY: tcl.evalf("%s update-reg %d", name_, coa_); break; case MIPT_ADS: reg(); break; default: Packet::free(p); break; } }

~ns/tcl/lib/ns-default.tcl

recv()

Class ..
recv(Packet* p, Handler *)

Class ..
recv(Packet* p, Handler *)

Class ..
recv(Packet* p, Handler *)

Processing handoff
$ns_ node-config -propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \ -phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \ -channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \

Free space model Two-ray ground reflection model Shadowing model

~ns/mac/wireless-phy.cc

RXThresh_

Conclusions
Tcl/Tk NAM Xgraph New node
Node instproc init args { eval $self next $args .. $self mk-default-classifier .. } foreach modname [Node set module_list_] { $self register-module [new RtModule/$modname] } Simulator instproc set-address-format {opt args} {}

References
Tcl/Tk http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/ Nsnam web pages http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ NS by example http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/ Tutorial Marc Greis's tutorial Discrete-event simulation software
http://www.topology.org/soft/sim.html