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    Introduction To Psychiatric Nursing: Mercedes A Perez-Millan MSN, ARNP

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    Sachiko Yosores
    This document provides an introduction to psychiatric nursing. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness in the US and common psychiatric disorders. It also outlines several theories of mental illness including psychobiological theories focusing on genetics, neurobiology and neurotransmitters, and psychological theories such as Freudian psychoanalysis. The nursing process is also introduced as the framework for assessing, diagnosing, planning and treating patients with psychiatric disorders.

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    Introduction To Psychiatric Nursing: Mercedes A Perez-Millan MSN, ARNP

    Uploaded by

    Sachiko Yosores
    123 views33 pages
    This document provides an introduction to psychiatric nursing. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness in the US and common psychiatric disorders. It also outlines several theories of mental illness including psychobiological theories focusing on genetics, neurobiology and neurotransmitters, and psychological theories such as Freudian psychoanalysis. The nursing process is also introduced as the framework for assessing, diagnosing, planning and treating patients with psychiatric disorders.

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    2007-Introduction to Psych Nursing

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    This document provides an introduction to psychiatric nursing. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness in the US and common psychiatric disorders. It also outlines several theories of mental illness including psychobiological theories focusing on genetics, neurobiology and neurotransmitters, and psychological theories such as Freudian psychoanalysis. The nursing process is also introduced as the framework for assessing, diagnosing, planning and treating patients with psychiatric disorders.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    123 views33 pages

    Introduction To Psychiatric Nursing: Mercedes A Perez-Millan MSN, ARNP

    Uploaded by

    Sachiko Yosores
    This document provides an introduction to psychiatric nursing. It discusses the prevalence of mental illness in the US and common psychiatric disorders. It also outlines several theories of mental illness including psychobiological theories focusing on genetics, neurobiology and neurotransmitters, and psychological theories such as Freudian psychoanalysis. The nursing process is also introduced as the framework for assessing, diagnosing, planning and treating patients with psychiatric disorders.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

    Mercedes A Perez-Millan MSN, ARNP

    Mental

    Health

    ??????? MENTAL ILLNESS

    Seven Signs of Mental Health


    Happiness Control

    over behavior Appraisal of reality Effectiveness in work Healthy self-concept Satisfying relationships (give and receive love) Effective coping strategies

    Traits of Mental Health


    Ability to Deal with conflicting emotions Live without undue fear, guilt, or anxiety Take responsibility for one's own actions Think clearly Negotiate each developmental task

    Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders USA


    The Department of Health and Human Services and the National Institute of Mental Health (2004) provide the following statistics:
    57.7 million Americans have a mental illness. That is 26.2 per cent of Americans 18 or older. Four of the ten leading causes of disability include: major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder.

    The economic burden of mental illness in the USA, exceeds $ 170 billion.

    National Institute of Mental Health 2002 USA Statistics


    Affective Disorders- 9.5 pre-cent. 18.8 million
    Suicide- 29,350 people committed suicide Schizophrenia- 1.1 percent, 2.2 million

    Anxiety disorders- 13.3 percent, 19.1 million


    Eating disorders- 2- 5 percent of population ADHD- 4.1 percent of youth ages 9 to 17 Substance abuse- 11.3 percent of the population

    Theories of Mental Illness


    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL

    PSYCHOLOGICAL

    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
    Genetic

    Other The

    Biological Influences

    Role of the Environment

    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
    Overview of the Brain
    Forebrain
    Cerebrum Frontal lobe- Voluntary movement, language, executive function Parietal lobe- Sensory impulses, tactile sensations Temporal lobe- Memory, emotions, taste, smell, auditory Occipital lobe- Vision, visual perception Diencephalons Thalamus- Pathway of motor & sensory impulses Hypothalamus- Regulates hormonal functioning Limbic system- Modulates emotions

    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
    Overview of the Brain (cont.)
    MIDBRAIN Mesencephalon- Processes visual & auditory information

    HINDBRAIN Pons- Visceral & somatic motor control Medulla- Autonomic functioning of major organs Cerebellum- Modulates movement

    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
    NEURON

    CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICAL IMPULSES NEUROTRANSMITTERS RECEPTORS

    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
    NEUROTRANSMITTER

    CHEMICAL MESSANGERS RELEASED AT PRESYNAPTIC NEURON DIFFUSES ACROSS SYNAPSE TO POST SYNAPSE ATTACHES TO SPECIALIZED RECEPTORS INHIBITS OR STIMULATES RELEASED AND THEN DESTROYED OR TAKEN BACK FOR RECYCLING

    PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL
    Neurotransmitter/ Receptor/ Disorder

    Dopamine

    DA

    Schizophrenia, Mania Parkinsons, Depression Mania Depression

    Norepinephrine

    NE

    Serotonin

    5-HT

    Anxiety Depression
    Reduction of anxiety Anxiety Depression Alzheimers

    Gamma-aminobuturic acid

    GABA

    Acetyl-Choline

    Ach

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
    Conscious, preconscious, unconscious Id, ego, superego Defense mechanisms and Anxiety Theories of personality

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    PSYCHOANALYTICAL EGO FUNCTIONS

    EGO

    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

    REALITY TESTING SENSE OF REALITY JUDGEMENT IMPULSE CONTROL THOUGHT PROCESS ARISE

    7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

    DEFENSIVE FUNCTIONING OBJECT RELATIONS AUTONOMOUS FUNCTIONING STIMULOUS BARRIER MASTERY COMPETENCE SYNTHETIC INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONING

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    Freud Psychosexual Stages of Development

    Oral (0-18mos Anal (18mos-3yrs) Phallic (3-6yrs.) Latency (6-12yrs) Genital (13-20yrs)

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    ERIKSON Psychosocial Stages of Development Trust vs Mistrust

    Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

    Initiative vs Guilt

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    ERIKSON (cont) Industry vs Inferiority

    Identity vs Role Confusion

    Intimacy vs Isolation

    PSYCHOLOGICAL
    ERIKSON (cont) Generativity vs Stagnation

    Ego Integrity vs Despair

    Maslows Hierarchy of Needs


    6. Self-Transcendent Needs 5. Self- Actualization Needs 4. Esteem Needs 3. Love and Belonging Needs

    2. Safety Needs
    1. Physiological Needs

    Emphasis on human potential and clients strengths Establishes what is most important in sequences of nursing actions Sets Priorities Varcarolis p. 20-21

    Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing and the Nursing Process


    1. Assessment 2. Nursing Diagnosis

    6. Evaluation

    3. Outcome Identification

    4. Planning
    5. Implementation

    Factors Affecting Mental Health and Nursing Assessment


    Support

    systems Family influences Developmental events Cultural beliefs and values Health practices Negative influences

    PSYCHIATRIC ASSESSMENT
    Construct database Mental status examination (MSE) Psychosocial assessment

    Physical examination
    History taking Interviews Standardized rating scales Verifying the data

    DIAGNOSIS OF PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

    Medical- DSM-IV-TV (Diagnostic and Statistical Classification of Mental Disorders) Nursing- NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association)

    DSM-IV-TR
    Mental disorders are considered a manifestation of a Behavioral Psychological Biological dysfunction of the individual

    DSM- IV- TR MULTI-AXIAL CLASSIFICATION

    Axis I- All major psychiatric disorders Axis II- Personality disorders; Mental retardation Axis III- Current medical conditions that are relevant to the mental disorder Axis IV- Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis V- Global Assessment of Function (GAF)

    Therapeutic Approaches
    Psychoanalysis Short term psychotherapy Cognitive Therapy Behavior Therapy Modeling Operant Conditioning Systemic desensitization Aversion Therapy Milieu Therapy Individual, group and family therapy

    CULTURAL BIASES

    Consider cultural differences that influence health Be accepting of changing families Be open, consider differences in order to provide sensitive, competent care

    GOALS and Interventions of Psychiatric Care Directed to

    Anxiety + Reality testing + Self esteem =


    Level of functioning and manage disease process

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