HIGH DEFINITION TELEVISION

PRESENTED BY: UTTAM KARIGAPSA (90101028) NITUMONI DAS (90101029) MOSUM DUTTA (90101030)

CONTENT

Introduction History Of HDTV Digital Television(DTV) Why Change To HDTV Technical Aspects Implementation HDTV-Types Impact Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Definition: HDTV is generally recognized as a digital video broadcast of minimum resolution of 1280 pixels wide and 720 pixels high, a rate of 30 or more frame/second and usually an aspect ratio of 16:9.

HISTORY OF HDTV
The term HD once described a series of TV systems originating from the late 1930s; however, these systems were only HD when compared to earlier systems that had as few as 30 lines of resolution. During the 1970s and 1980s, the trial product for HDTV was being developed in Japan by the NHK. The first demonstration of HDTV in the United States took place in 1981 First HDTV sets hit the market in 1998.

HOW TELEVISION WORKS

The image that we see on the TV screen is formed by an Electron Beam that scans the internal surface of the Glass Tube that constitutes the TV screen

When electrons hit the front of the Tube, light is emitted on the other side (that's the side where you're sitting on)

DIGITAL TELEVISION

Early HDTV broadcasting used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcast using video compression. In December 1996, the FCC(Federal Communications Commission) adopted standards proposed by the ATSC(The Advanced Television Systems Committee), mandating that broadcasters begin broadcasting digitally. WRAL-TV of Raleigh, North Carolina was the first station to broadcast in digital.

ANALOG Vs DTV
Analog TV: AM vestigial sideband. 6 MHz of channel bandwidth plus audio. High power transmitter for coverage-45 to 75 KW avg. out. Digital TV: 8VSB MPEG-2 Stream. 6 MHz channel can produce multiple programs viewable with ATSC tuner. 5 to 7.5 KW Avg. transmitter output power. Receive picture is either perfect or not at all.

576 ACTIVE LINES

720 POINTS PER LINES

In the PAL(Phase Alternating Line) European system, we thus say...

... that the resolution is of 720x576 points that the aspect ratio (the ratio between the sizes of the image) is 4 by 3... that 25 frames per second are shown to create the movement that each frame is scan as interlaced

720X576 4:3 @25FPS INTERLACED

What does HDTV add to the TV experience

1920x1080

The resolution: HDTV images use up to 1080 lines, and on each line can be shown up to 1920 points. As a result, HDTV images are more defined, and show higher Image detail than SDTV. HDTV images use the 16:9 panoramic image format. The format of the HDTV Picture is closer to the natural human viewing angle. HDTV images come in many flavors, but can go up to 60 fps, and use progressive scan. As a result the HDTV Picture is more stable and movements are more fluid.

What does HDTV enhance?

4:3

16:9

25 fps interlaced

60 fps progressive

High-definition television (HDTV) provides a resolution that is substantially higher than that of standard-definition television HDTV may be transmitted in various varieties: 1080p - 19201080p: 2,073,600 pixels (approximately two megapixels) per frame 1080i - typically either: 19201080i: 1,036,800 pixels (approximately one megapixel) per field or 2,073,600 pixels (approximately two megapixels) per frame 14401080i: 777,600 pixels (approximately 0.8 megapixels) per field or 1,555,200 pixels (approximately 1.5 megapixels) per frame 720p - 1280720p: 921,600p pixels (approximately one megapixel) per frame The letter "p" here stands for progressive scan while "I indicates interlaced. When transmitted at two megapixels per frame, HDTV provides about five times as many pixels as SD

1080i

720p

HDTV FEATURES
Provides up to 60 frames/sec screen writing rate Uses MPEG-2 data compression

source

info data rate is 1.2Gbps broadcast data rate is 20Mbps

Square pixels 1/4 the size of analog TVs pixels

HDTV & SDTV COMPARISON

simply on pixel count, a 1080i HDTV image is 6 - 9 times better than a standard, NTSC image. is also improved. The ATSC standards call for AC3 or Dolby Digital sound, which can provide 24-bit 5.1 surround sound. interlaced) 1080p(1920x1080,16:9,@60fps progressive)

Audio

720i(720x576,4:3,@25fps

PROGRESSIVE SCAN VERSUS INTERLACE SCAN

TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Codec is short for compressor-decompressor or coder-decoder, and refers to a manner in which data is compressed and uncompressed Broadcast and production codec differ In order to squeeze the data into a form that can be reliably broadcast within a 6 MHz section of bandwidth, the HDTV signal must be compressed at about a 50:1 ratio.

Contd.
Most DTV broadcasts (terrestrial, cable & satellite) use MPEG-2 MPEG-2s compresses the video into groups of pictures (GOPs) not individual frames. Images are divided into macroblocks, which are areas of 16 x 16 pixels. GOPs are created with three types of pictures: I, P, and B frames. I frames are intracoded frames. P are predicted frames and B are bidirectional frames.

Contd.

In addition to audio & video, DTV contains metadata - auxiliary information related to the program or its content including audio dialog level info, closed captioning, format descriptor tags, and digital rights management (DRM) data. HDTV allows for both interlaced and progressive content.

INTERLACED
TV camera captures an image of 480 lines every 1/60th of a second. Allocated broadcast spectrum isnt wide enough, so signal is compressed by discarding 1/2 of the lines. Transmits at 30 frames/sec with 2 fields/frame. Fields alternate every other resolution line.

INTRELACED DISPLAY

PROGRESSIVE
Lines of picture transmitted consecutively one line after another rather than 2 overlapping fields Like computer monitor

IMPLEMENTATION

HDTV production typically begins with a highdefinition camera, or a project shot on film then converted to a digital format. Other means are possible. Much of Tim Burtons recent stop-motion feature, The Corpse Bride was shot with a Canon digital still camera, and then transferred to digital video for editing. Many commercials, cartoons, and full-length features have been created solely with animation software

HDTV-TYPES
LCD TV (Liquid Crystal Display) TFT TV (Thin Film Transistor) PLASMA TV LED TV (Light Emitting Diode)

LCD HDTV
Most mature flat panel technology and is a major share of FPD market. 1080 p 1500:1 Contrast 50/75 k hours lifetime Poor intrinsic viewing angle. Inefficient and slow. Effected by temperature and sunlight.

LCD HDTV

TFT HDTV

Thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFTLCD) uses thin-film transistor (TFT) technology to improve image quality. TFT LCD is one type of active matrix LCD.

TFT LCDs are used in television set, computer monitors, mobile phones, handheld video game systems, projectors, etc.

PLASMA HDTV

plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays 30 inches (76 cm) or larger. They are called "plasma" displays because the technology utilizes small cells containing electrically charged ionized gases, or what are in essence chambers more commonly known as fluorescent lamps.

PLASMA HDTV

LED HDTV

LED TV is an LCD TV that uses LED backlighting rather than fluorescent lights used in traditional LCD televisions. Two types of LEDs may be used. Edge-LEDs technology is used for backlighting.

ADVANTAGES
Increase number of programs local broadcasters can provide. Improve the quality of picture and sound. Converting to HDTV will also free up parts of the scarce and valuable broadcast airwaves. Those portion of the airwaves can then be used for another important airwaves.

CONTD...
The Set Top Box needs to be replaced for receiving HDTV services. But HDTV STBs is capable to manage SD,HD, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DVB-S and DVB-S2 have been introduced at the end of 2005. MPEG-4 AVC promise bit-rate savings of the order of 50% with respect to MPEG-2, to deliver the same quality.

COUNTRIES USING DIFFERENT HDTV

DIFFERENT CHANNELS

FUTURE OF HDTV

However, lots of progress has been done in the field of HDTV technologies ,HDTV still has much lower resolution than 70mm film. Its a matter of time before some will begin pressuring for another increase in quality.

CONCLUSION

As old analog techniques retires, HDTV programming, products, and production services will continue to grow exponentially. Move will be cheaper, quicker, and easier as products and services become more widespread and people grow accustomed to the new technology. HDTV has brought a more cinematic experience into viewers homes and with digital cinema, delivered the film industry a few of the benefits of television.

REFERENCES
GOOGLE BING WIKIPEDIA

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