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    Metris PD'10

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    Prasetyo B Pradana
    This document provides guidance on designing effective questionnaires. It discusses that a well-designed questionnaire should be easy to understand, short, and logically organized. Questions should be relevant to the research objectives and avoid biases. Both open-ended and closed-form questions each have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research goals. Pilot testing is important for validating new questionnaires. The document outlines best practices for question wording and organization to obtain accurate and useful responses.

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    Metris PD'10

    Uploaded by

    Prasetyo B Pradana
    40 views25 pages
    This document provides guidance on designing effective questionnaires. It discusses that a well-designed questionnaire should be easy to understand, short, and logically organized. Questions should be relevant to the research objectives and avoid biases. Both open-ended and closed-form questions each have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research goals. Pilot testing is important for validating new questionnaires. The document outlines best practices for question wording and organization to obtain accurate and useful responses.

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    METRIS PD'10

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    This document provides guidance on designing effective questionnaires. It discusses that a well-designed questionnaire should be easy to understand, short, and logically organized. Questions should be relevant to the research objectives and avoid biases. Both open-ended and closed-form questions each have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research goals. Pilot testing is important for validating new questionnaires. The document outlines best practices for question wording and organization to obtain accurate and useful responses.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    40 views25 pages

    Metris PD'10

    Uploaded by

    Prasetyo B Pradana
    This document provides guidance on designing effective questionnaires. It discusses that a well-designed questionnaire should be easy to understand, short, and logically organized. Questions should be relevant to the research objectives and avoid biases. Both open-ended and closed-form questions each have advantages and disadvantages depending on the research goals. Pilot testing is important for validating new questionnaires. The document outlines best practices for question wording and organization to obtain accurate and useful responses.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    Designing the Questionnaire

    Asmika , 05 November 2010

    What is a Questionnaire?
    A questionnaire is the vehicle used to pose the questions that the researcher wants respondents to answer.

    Ch 11

    What makes a well designed questionnaire?


    Good appearance
    easy on the eye

    Short and simple


    Relevant and logical High response rate Easy data summarisation and analysis

    Questionnaire Design
    Questionnaire design is a systematic process in which the researcher contemplates various question formats, considers a number of factors characterizing the survey at hand, ultimately words the various questions very carefully, and organizes the questionnaires layout.
    Ch 11 4

    The Functions of A Questionnaire


    Translates Research Objectives into Specific Questions

    Standardizes Questions and Response Categories Fosters Cooperation and Keeps Respondents Motivated Serves as Permanent Records of the Research Speeds up Process of Data Analysis Contains Information for Reliability Assessments (e.g. TestRetest, Equivalent Forms)

    Content of Questions
    Clear focus on research question
    Avoid sidetracking Avoid unnecessary information

    Demographic information Contact information (if non-anonymised)

    Key criteria
    Questionnaire relevancy
    No unnecessary information is collected and only information needed to solve the problem is obtained. Be specific about your data needs; tie each question to an objective

    Questionnaire accuracy
    Information is both reliable and valid

    Phrasing Questions
    Open ended response versus fixed alternative questions

    ?
    Decision criteria: type of research; time; method of delivery; budget; concerns regarding researcher bias

    Avoid
    Leading questions Overly complex questions Use of jargon Loaded questions (can use a counterbiasing statement) Ambiguity Double barreled questions Making assumptions

    The Questionnaire Development Process


    Tabulation & Final Report

    Decide Data Collection Methods

    Question Development

    Gather Data Determine Survey Objectives and Constraints Finalize & Duplicate

    Question Evaluation

    Revised as Needed Pretest

    Gain Approval from Client

    DEVELOPING QUESTIONS
    The Five Shoulds of Question Wording Each Question Should...
    Be Focused on a Single Issue or Topic Be Brief Be Interpreted the Same Way by All Respondents Use the Respondents Core Vocabulary

    Be a Grammatically Simple Sentence if Possible

    DEVELOPING QUESTIONS
    The Eleven Should Nots of Question Wording The Question Should Not
    1. Assume Criteria That Are Not Obvious 2. Be Beyond the Respondents Ability or Experience 3. Use a Specific Example to Represent a General Case 4. Ask the Respondent to Recall Specifics when Only Generalities Will Be Remembered 5. Require the Respondent to Guess a Generalization

    12

    DEVELOPING QUESTIONS
    The Eleven Should Nots of Question Wording The Question Should Not
    6. Ask for Details That Cannot Be Related 7. Use Words That Overstate the Condition 8. Have Ambiguous Wording 9. Be Double-Barreled 10. Lead the Respondent to a Particular Answer 11. Have Loaded Wording or Phrasing

    13

    GUIDELINES FOR COVER LETTERS AND QUESTIONNAIRE INTRODUCTIONS


    1. Identify the Surveyor/Sponsor of the Survey 2. Describe the Surveys Purpose 3. Indicate How Prospective Respondents were

    Selected
    4. Request the Prospective Respondents Participation in the Survey/ Provide incentive 5. Screen the Prospective Respondent
    14

    Questionnaire Organization
    Questionnaire organization is the sequence of statements and questions that make up the questionnaire. It is important because the questionnaire appearance and ease of flow affect the quality of the information gathered.
    Ch 11 15

    Questionnaire Validation
    Use or adapt existing questionnaires
    Validated (and possibly harmonised)

    New questionnaires
    Not validated Needs to be tested (pilot)

    Open or Closed?
    Closed Advantages:
    Simple and quick Reduces discrimination against less literate Easy to code, record, analyse Easy to compare Easy to report results

    Open or Closed?
    Closed Advantages:
    Simple and quick Reduces discrimination against less literate Easy to code, record, analyse Easy to compare Easy to report results

    Closed questions
    Disadvantages:
    Restricted number of possible answers Loss of information

    Possible compromise:
    Insert field others

    Types of fixed alternative questions


    Single dichotomy or dichotomous-alternative
    questions Are you currently registered in a course at the University of Brawijaya ? Yes____ No____

    Respondent chooses one of two alternatives


    (yes/no; male/female) What scale would this data create?

    Types of fixed alternative questions


    Multi-choice alternative
    Respondent chooses from several alternatives Many types

    Check List
    Provide multiple answers to a single question Should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive

    Open questions
    Advantages:
    Not directive Allows exploration of issues to generate hypothesis
    qualitative research, focus groups, trawling questionnaires

    Used even if no comprehensive range of alternative choices Good for exploring knowledge and attitudes Detailed and unexpected answers possible

    Open questions
    Disadvantages:
    Interviewer bias Time-consuming Coding problems Difficult to analyse! Difficult to compare groups

    Summary
    A well designed questionnaire: Will give appropriate data which allow to answer your research question Will minimise potential sources of bias, thus increasing the validity of the questionnaire Will much more likely be completed

    THANK YOU

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