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Computer Number Systems & Digital Devices By: Sohaib Rehman

This document discusses different number systems used in digital devices and computers. It explains the binary number system and how binary numbers represent values through place values of powers of two. It also describes how to convert between binary and decimal numbers. Additionally, it discusses hexadecimal and BCD (binary-coded decimal) number representations. Finally, it briefly introduces other digital concepts like Gray code, logic gates, latches, flip-flops, and basic components like RAM, ROM, and ALUs.

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115 views14 pages

Computer Number Systems & Digital Devices By: Sohaib Rehman

This document discusses different number systems used in digital devices and computers. It explains the binary number system and how binary numbers represent values through place values of powers of two. It also describes how to convert between binary and decimal numbers. Additionally, it discusses hexadecimal and BCD (binary-coded decimal) number representations. Finally, it briefly introduces other digital concepts like Gray code, logic gates, latches, flip-flops, and basic components like RAM, ROM, and ALUs.

Uploaded by

rarewishbone
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEMS & DIGITAL DEVICES By: Sohaib Rehman

Number System & Digital Devices


To understand the structure of the binary number system, first step is to review the decimal or base-10 number system. Example

5 3 4 6 . 7 2 103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 This tells you that you have 5 thousands, 3 hundreds, 4 tens, 6 ones, 7 tenths and 2 hundredths.

Binary Number System


In a binary number system, each digit represents a power of 2.
A binary digit is often called a BIT.

The binary system uses only two numbers i.e. 1 & 0.


Example of binary number system is

1 24

0 23

1 22

1 21

0 20

1 2-1

1 2-2

Binary Number System


To convert a binary number into its equivalent decimal number, multiply each digit times the decimal value of the digit and

just add these up. The binary number 101, represents (1 * 22) + (0 * 21) + (1 * 20) 4 +0 + 1 = 5 ( Decimal) What is the decimal equivalent for 10110.11 ?

Binary Conversion
22710 = ?
10910 = ? Conversion from decimal to binary is a simple

method and is a part of a class exercise.

Hexadecimal
Computer require binary digits, so why use hexadecimal? Example shows the digit values for hexadecimal which is often called hex.

162 256

161 16

160 1

16-1 16-2 1/16 1/256

Hexadecimal
Dec
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 = = = = = = = =

Hex
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Dec
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 = = = = = = = =

Hex
8 9 A B C D E F

Binary-Coded Decimals
In applications such as frequency counters, digital voltmeters, or calculators, where the output is a decimal display, a BCD code is

often used. BCD uses a 4-bit binary code to represent each decimal digit in a number. The simplest BCD code uses the first 10 numbers of standard binary code for the BCD numbers 0 through 9.

Binary-Coded Decimals
The Hexadecimals codes A through F are invalid BCD codes.
To convert a decimal number to its BCD

equivalent, just represent each decimal digit by its 4-bit binary equivalent. Example of BCD Decimal 5 2 9 BCD 0101 0010 1001

Gray Code
Gray Code is another important binary code. It is often used for encoding shaft position data from machines such as computer

controlled latches. Only one binary digit changes at a time as you count up in this code. Example Binary 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 Gray 0000 0001 0011 0010 0110

Gray Code

Basic Digital Devices


Inverting & non-inverting buffers.
Logic Gates. Programmable logic Devices ( PLDs ).
PLAs PROMs.

Basic Digital Devices


Latches
Flip Flops Registers Counters ROM RAM Buses ALU.

Reading Assignment
Binary, Decimal, Octal, Hexa Decimal number systems with their conversion and addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and

digital devices.

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