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CCNA 1 v3.0 Module 9 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing

This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version 3.0. It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to take and modify as their own. This PowerPoint is NOT a study guide for the module final assessment. NOT a CCNA certification exam study guide.

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74 views33 pages

CCNA 1 v3.0 Module 9 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing

This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version 3.0. It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to take and modify as their own. This PowerPoint is NOT a study guide for the module final assessment. NOT a CCNA certification exam study guide.

Uploaded by

PŘincê ÂĻĩ
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CCNA 1 v3.

0 Module 9 TCP/IP Protocol Suite and IP Addressing

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Purpose of This PowerPoint


This PowerPoint primarily consists of the Target Indicators (TIs) of this module in CCNA version 3.0. It was created to give instructors a PowerPoint to take and modify as their own. This PowerPoint is:
NOT a study guide for the module final assessment. NOT a study guide for the CCNA certification exam.

Please report any mistakes you find in this PowerPoint by using the Academy Connection Help link.
2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

To Locate Instructional Resource Materials on Academy Connection:


Go to the Community FTP Center to locate materials created by the instructor community

Go to the Tools section


Go to the Alpha Preview section Go to the Community link under Resources See the resources available on the Class home page for classes you are offering Search http://www.cisco.com

Contact your parent academy!


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2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives

Introduction to TCP/IP Internet addresses Obtaining an IP address

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction to TCP/IP

2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

History and Future of TCP/IP


The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) created the TCP/IP reference model because it wanted a network that could survive any conditions.

Some of the layers in the TCP/IP model have the same name as layers in the OSI model.
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Application Layer
Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation, encoding, and dialog control. The TCP/IP protocol suite combines all application related issues into one layer and ensures this data is properly packaged before passing it on to the next layer.

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Application Layer Examples

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Transport Layer

Five basic services:


Segmenting upper-layer application data Establishing end-to-end operations Sending segments from one end host to another end host Ensuring data reliability Providing flow control

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Transport Layer Protocols

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Internet Layer
The purpose of the Internet layer is to send packets from a network node and have them arrive at the destination node independent of the path taken.

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Network Access Layer


The network access layer is concerned with all of the issues that an IP packet requires to actually make a physical link to the network media. It includes the LAN and WAN technology details, and all the details contained in the OSI physical and data link layers.

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Comparing the OSI Model and TCP/IP Model

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Similarities of the OSI and TCP/IP Models

Both have layers. Both have application layers, though they include very different services. Both have comparable transport and network layers.

Packet-switched, not circuit-switched, technology is assumed.


Networking professionals need to know both models.
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Differences of the OSI and TCP/IP Models

TCP/IP combines the presentation and session layer into its application layer. TCP/IP combines the OSI data link and physical layers into one layer.

TCP/IP appears simpler because it has fewer layers.


TCP/IP transport layer using UDP does not always guarantee reliable delivery of packets as the transport layer in the OSI model does.
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Internet Architecture

Two computers, anywhere in the world, following certain hardware, software, protocol specifications, can communicate, reliably even when not directly connected. LANs are no longer scalable beyond a certain number of stations or geographic separation.

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Internet Addresses

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IP Addressing
An IP address is a 32-bit sequence of 1s and 0s.

To make the IP address easier to use, the address is usually written as four decimal numbers separated by periods. This way of writing the address is called the dotted decimal format.

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Decimal and Binary Conversion

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IPv4 Addressing

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Class A, B, C, D, and E IP Addresses

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Reserved IP Addresses
Certain host addresses are reserved and cannot be assigned to devices on a network. An IP address that has binary 0s in all host bit positions is reserved for the network address. An IP address that has binary 1s in all host bit positions is reserved for the network address.
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Public and Private IP Addresses


No two machines that connect to a public network can have the same IP address because public IP addresses are global and standardized. However, private networks that are not connected to the Internet may use any host addresses, as long as each host within the private network is unique. RFC 1918 sets aside three blocks of IP addresses for private, internal use. Connecting a network using private addresses to the Internet requires translation of the private addresses to public addresses using Network Address Translation (NAT).

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Introduction to Subnetting
To create a subnet address, a network administrator borrows bits from the host field and designates them as the subnet field.

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IPv4 versus IPv6


IP version 6 (IPv6) has been defined and developed. IPv6 uses 128 bits rather than the 32 bits currently used in IPv4. IPv6 uses hexadecimal numbers to represent the 128 bits.
IPv4
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Obtaining an IP Address

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Obtaining an Internet Address


Static addressing
Each individual device must be configured with an IP address.

Dynamic addressing
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) DHCP initialization sequence Function of the Address Resolution Protocol ARP operation within a subnet
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Static Assignment of IP Addresses

Each individual device must be configured with an IP address.

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Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

MAC HEADER
Destination FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF Source FE:ED:FD:23:44:EF
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IP HEADER
Destination 255.255.255.255 Source ????????

RARP REQUEST MESSAGE

What is my IP address?

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BOOTP IP
The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) operates in a client/server environment and only requires a single packet exchange to obtain IP information. BOOTP packets can include the IP address, as well as the address of a router, the address of a server, and vendor-specific information.

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Allows a host to obtain an IP address using a defined range of IP addresses on a DHCP server.

As hosts come online, contact the DHCP server, and request an address.

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Problems in Address Resolution


In TCP/IP communications, a datagram on a localarea network must contain both a destination MAC address and a destination IP address. There needs to be a way to automatically map IP to MAC addresses. The TCP/IP suite has a protocol, called Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), which can automatically obtain MAC addresses for local transmission. TCP/IP has a variation on ARP called Proxy ARP that will provide the MAC address of an intermediate device for transmission outside the LAN to another network segment.
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)


Each device on a network maintains its own ARP table. A device that requires an IP and MAC address pair broadcasts an ARP request. If one of the local devices matches the IP address of the request, it sends back an ARP reply that contains its IP-MAC pair.

If the request is for a different IP network, a router performs a proxy ARP.


The router sends an ARP response with the MAC address of the interface on which the request was received, to the requesting host.
2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

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