TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4, TC5

TC2, TC3, TC4, TC5

Angle Area Associative Property of Multiplication Base Benchmark Cardinal Number Chord Circle Circumference Combination Common Factor Commutative Property of Multiplication

Composite Number Congruent Decimal Division Degree Denominator Distributive Property Division Terms Divisibility Rules Division Steps Equivalent Equivalent Fraction Equivalent Fraction (Method of Finding) Equilateral Triangles

TC1, TC3, TC4, TC5

Equally Likely Factor Factors, Prime Fraction Fraction (Simplest Form) Fraction, Improper Face Geometry Gram Greatest Common Factor Hexagon Hundredth Inequality

Impossible Interval Intersecting Lines Isosceles Triangle Inverse Operation Kilo Line Line Segment Leaf Likely Like Fractions Mean Median Minuend

TC1, TC2, TC4, TC5

Mixed Number Mode Multiple Multiplication Properties Net Number, Nominal Number Number, Mixed Number, Mixed Decimal Obtuse Angle Octagon Ordered Pair Ordinal Numbers Outcomes Parallel Lines

Parallelogram Pattern1, Pattern2, Pattern3 Pentagon Period Perimeter Perpendicular Place Value Plane Point Polygon Precise Prime Number Prism Probability

TC1, TC2, TC3, TC5

Product Pyramid Quadrilateral Quotient Radius Range Ray Rectangle Reflection Rhombus Rotation Rounding Rules Scale Similar Figures

Simplest Form Stem-Leaf Plot Strategies Subtrahend Symbols Time Transformation Translation Triangle Unlike Fractions Vertex Venn Diagram Volume Zero Property of Multiplication

TC1, TC2, TC3, TC4

Conversion Decimal Place Value Formula Subtrahend Symbols Time Transformation Translation Triangle Unlike Fractions Vertex Vinn Diagram Volume Zero Property of Multiplication

Area the number of square units needed to cover a surface. (Note - area is measured in square units.) Rectangular Area = L x W (length times width)
L
W

Angle what is formed when two rays have the same endpoint. An angle can be named by the vertex and one point on each ray or just by the vertex. Example: A Angle ABC, Angle CBA, Angle B
B C

ABC,

CBA,

Note the middle letter of the angle name must be the name of the vertex end point.

-- Acute Angle an angle that measures less than 90 degrees. A Example: ABC is acute
B C

-- Obtuse Angle an angle that measures more than 90 degrees. Example: ABC is obtuse
A B

-- Perpendicular Angle (Right Angle) an angle that measures 90 degrees (90). Example:
A B

ABC is a right angle/ perpendicular angle

Associative Property of Multiplication see section M, under Multiplication.

Benchmark a point of reference.

Base a face of a solid figure by which the figure is measured or is named. Example:

Note the base is a square, so the figure is a square pyramid

Base

Cardinal Number a number that counts or tells how many are in a group or set of something. Example: 9 players are on a baseball team. 9 is a cardinal number. Composite Number a number that has more than two factors. Example: 4 is a composite; factors 1, 2, 4 12 is composite; factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Common Factor a number that is a factor of two or more numbers at the same time. Example: Factors of 24 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 Factors of 36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 Common Factors of 24 & 36 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Combination any of the subsets into which a set of units or elements may be arranged, paying no attention to order. Example: Set 1 Bread: Wheat (Wh), White (Wt), Italian (It) Set 2 Meat: Bologna (B), Ham (H), Salami (S) Note You may have 1 bread and any 2 different meats Meat Combination B,H B,S 1 H,S 2 H,B 3 S,B S,H Sandwich Combinations
Wh B, H H, S S, B B, H H, S S, B B, H H, S S, B Computation: Bread Elements times Meat Elements 3 x 3 Set 1 x Set 2 = 9 possible combinations of sandwiches

Wt

It

Circle a closed figure with all points on the figure the same distance from the center point. Example: r r
r Note all rs are the same length.

-- Circumference the perimeter of a circle. Example:

-- Radius a line segment with one endpoint at the center of the circle and the other endpoint on the circumference of the circle. r Example:

-- Diameter a line segment that passes through the center of the circle and has its endpoints on the circumference of the circle. d Example: diameter

-- Chord a line segment with its endpoints on the circumference of the circle, but it does not pass through the center. chord Example:

Commutative Property of Multiplication see section M, under Multiplication.

Congruent (Figures) figures that have the same shape B A and size
A C B D C D

Divisibility Rules:
Divisible by: 2 - If the last digit is even, the number is divisible by 2. 3 - If the sum of the digits is divisible by 3, the number is also. 4 - If the last two digits form a number divisible by 4, the number is also. 5 - If the last digit is a 5 or a 0, the number is divisible by 5. 6 - If the number is divisible by both 3 and 2, the number is also divisible by 6. 7 - Take the last digit, double it, and subtract it from the rest of the number; if the answer is divisible by 7 (including 0), then the number is also. 8 - If the last three digits form a number divisible by 8, then so is the whole number. 9 - If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9, the number is also. 10 - If the number ends in 0, it is divisible by 10.

Division the operation of determining how many times one quantity is

Division Terms: Quotient Divisor Dividend

Division Steps: Decide where to place the first digit. 2 36 5 36 25 5 5 0 25 1 5 0

Operations: Divide Multiply Subtract Check Bring Down (if none) ----------------------------Write Remainder

D M S C B --R

If none

Decimal Division: Example: 75.45 22 1, 6 6 0 . 0 0 154 120 110 100 88 12 0 11 0 1 0 Denominator the number that is below the bar in a fraction and tells the total number of equal parts. Example: , the 4 is the denominator and it is showing there are four equal parts in the total.

Degree a unit for measuring angles and for measuring temperature. Example: Angle ABC is 90 degrees or 90. A
B C

Equivalent Fraction fractions that name the same number or amount; fractions that name the same part of the whole or a set.
0 1/2 1

Example:

1/2 = 2/4

1/2

The diagrams show that of the figure is equal to 2/4 ( 2 x ) of the figure.

-- Mathematical Solution - 1 2

2 2

2 4

Method for Finding Equivalent Fractions: -- Multiply the numerator and the denominator by any number, provided you use the same number in the numerator and the denominator. Example:
Change into fourths 1 2 2 2 2 4 Change into sixths 1 2 3 3 3 6

-- Divide the numerator and the denominator by the greatest common factor (GCF) of the numerator and denominator. Example:
Change 2/4 into an equivalent fraction
Factors of 2 are 1, 2; Factors of 4 are 1, 2, 4; GCF is 2

2 2 1 4 2 = 2

Equivalent means having the same value.

Equally Likely see section P, under Probability.

Equilateral Triangles see section T, under Triangles.

Factor a number multiplied by another number to find a product. Example: 2 x 4 = 8; factors are 2, 4. Fraction a fraction is a number that names a part of a whole or a part of a group. Example: using pizza 1 = each persons part
1 4 2 4 = total number of equal parts 3

Test for Simplest Form of a Fraction: find the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of the numerator and the denominator. If the GCF is 1, then the fraction is in simplest form.

Factors, Prime (Prime Factors) all the prime numbers that when multiplied together give the desired product. Example: The product is 24; the prime factors of 24 are 2 X 2 X 2 X 3. The Prime Factor Tree for product 24: 24 Note Only prime numbers make 2 X 12 up the prime factors. 3 X 4 2 X 2 Fraction, Improper (Improper Fraction) a fraction in which the Numerator is larger than the denominator. Example: 5/4; 5 > 4 or 5 (the numerator) is greater than 4 (the denominator).

Face a flat surface of a solid figure. Face Example:

Geometry a branch of mathematics that deals with points, lines, angles, shapes, and solids.

Greatest Common Factor (GCF) the largest factor that two Or more numbers have in common (i.e., share). Example: For products 18 and 30, what is the GCF? Factors of 18: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 Factors of 30: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30 The Greatest Common Factor (GCF) is 6.

Gram the unit for measuring mass in the Metric System.

Hexagon a polygon with six sides and six internal angles. 2 Example: 1
3 6 5 4

Hundredth the decimal or fraction that names one part of one hundred equal parts. Example: 1 or 0.01 100

Intersecting Lines lines that cross at one point. Example:

B Crossing Point

Impossible see section P, Probability.

Isosceles Triangle see section T, Triangles.

Inverse Operation opposite operations that undo each other. Example: Addition and subtraction are inverse operations. Multiplication and division are inverse operations.

Interval the distance between the numbers on a scale of a graph.

Note The interval of the Y axis is 1. The interval of the X axis is 5.

X
5 10 15 20 25

Inequlaity a mathematical sentence that shows two expressions do not represent the same quantity. Example: 3 + 2 > 4 - 1

Kilo a prefix used in the Metric System that means times 1,000. Note - see the Measurement Conversion Aid

Line a straight path in a plane. It has no end. It can be named by any two points on that line. Example: Line AB or A B
A B

Line BA or B A

Line Segment a part of a line between two endpoints. Example:

Line Segment AB or A B Line Segment BA or B A

Leaf see section S, under Stem and Leaf Plot.

Likely see section P, Probability.

Like Fractions are fractions that have the same denominator. Example: 1/ 8 and 5/8 are like fractions.

Multiplication Properties: 1. Commutative Property of Multiplication - you can multiply numbers in any order. The product is always the same. Example: 8 X 5 = 40 or 5 X 8 = 40 2. Associative Property of Multiplication you can group factors differently. The product is always the same. Example: (5 X 4) X 2 = (5 X ( 4 X 2)) 20 X 2 = 5 X 8 = 40 3. Property of One when one of the factors is 1, the product equals the other number. Example: 8 X 1 = 8; 1 X 8 = 8 4. Zero property for Multiplication when one factor is zero, the product is zero. Example: 6 X 0 = 0; 0 X 6 = 0

5. Distributive Property of Multiplication multiplying a sum by a number is the same as multiplying each addend by the number and then adding the products. Example: 3 X (4 + 2) = (3 X 4) + (3 X 2) 3 X 6 = 12 + 6 = 18

Minuend the number from which another number is to be subtracted. Example: 14 - 9 = 5; 14 is the minuend.

Median the middle number in an ordered set of data or series of numbers. Example: Data Set 5, 6, 8, 7, 4; Ordered data 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The median is 6

Mode the number that occurs most often in an ordered set of data or series of numbers. Example: Data Set 3, 5, 7, 6, 8, 7, 4; Ordered data 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8 The mode is 7. Mean the number that represents all the numbers in a set of Data, often called the average. Example: Date Set 3, 6, 11, 8 Add the elements 3 + 6 + 11 + 8 = 28; Divide the sum by the number of elements in the data set
7

4 28

7 is the mean.

Multiple a number that is the product of a given number and Another whole number. Example: 3 X 2 = 6; 6 is a multiple of 3 X 2 3 X 3 = 9; 9 is a multiple of 3 X 3

Mixed Number a number that is made of a whole number and a fraction. Example: 2 is a mixed number; 2 is the whole number and is the fraction.

Nominal Number a number that names things. Example: 909 Courtney Lane; 909 is a nominal number.

Number, Mixed Decimal (Mixed Decimal Number) a number that is made of a whole number and a decimal number. Example: 1. 2 1 is the whole number; .2 is the decimal number.

Numerator the number above the bar in a fraction that tells How many parts are being considered. Example: 3/5; 3 is the numerator and tells that we are considering 3 parts out of the total of 5 equal parts.

Net a two dimensional pattern for a three dimensional solid. Example:

Net for The cube

Ordinal Number a number that tells the position or order. Example: 1st , second, 15th , 3rd

 Outcomes (Total Possible Outcomes Different Ways) Note order or arrangement does matter. Definition all the possible different ways objects or numbers can be put together in a specified manner. Example: If you flip two coins, how many possible outcomes can you have? Two Coins - C1, C2 H1, T1 H2, T2
H2 H1 T2 H2 T1 T2 T1 H2 H1 H2 T2 T2 T1 T2 H2 T1 H1 T2 H1 H1 H2 H1 T1 T1

There are 16 possible outcomes.

Octagon a polygon with eight sides and eight internal angles. 1 Example: 8 2
7 6 5 4 3

Obtuse Angle an angle that measures more than 90 degrees; see section A, Angle.

Ordered Pair a pair of numbers used to locate a point on a Grid. Example: (5, 3) is an ordered pair of numbers. Note with an ordered pair of numbers, the first number is on the X axis and the second number is on the Y axis.
Y
5 4 3 2 1

(5, 3)

X
1 2 3 4 5

Product the answer to a multiplication problem; the number (answer) gotten when two factors are multiplied. Example: 2 X 4 = 8; the factors are 2 & 4; the product is 8. Perimeter the measure of the distance around the outside of a closed figure. W Example: for a rectangle
L W L

Perimeter = W + L + W + L Using the Mathematical Properties: W+L+W+L=P W + W + L + L = P (Associative Property of Addition) 2 W + 2L = P 2 X ( W + L) = P (Distributive Property of Multiplication)

Prime Number a number that has only two factors, 1 and the number itself. Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 are prime numbers. For the number 3, the only way to get the number as a product is using the factors 1 and 3 (1 X 3 = 3).

Pattern a set of characteristics that are displayed repeatedly. Example: Continue the sequence 35, 40, 45, 50, ___, ___, First, find the difference for 3 sequential pairs of numbers 40 35 = 5, 45 40 = 5, 50 45 = 5. the difference is 5; therefore, you can continue the sequence by adding 5 to the last number in the sequence 50, 55 (50 + 5), 60 (55 +5).

Precise finding a unit that measures nearest to the actual length of an object.

Point identifies a location on an object or in space. It is named by a letter. Example: Point B B Plane a flat surface with no end. Planes are named by any three points in the plane. B Example: A Plane ABC
D C

Probability the chance that an event will happen. -- Event something that happens in a probability experiment that results in an outcome. -- Certain an event will always happen (the probability is equal to 1). -- Impossible an event will never happen (the probability is equal to 0). -- More Likely an event that has more chances to happen than another event (its probability is greater than the probability of another event).

Probability (continued). -- Less Likely an event that has fewer chances to happen than another event (its probability is less than the probability of another event). -- Equally Likely - an event that has the same number of chances to happen as another event (its probability is equal to the probability of another event). The number of Probability = ways an event occurs = Possible Outcomes The number of ways Total Possible Outcomes all events can occur

Perpendicular lines that intersect and form four right angles at the point of intersection. A Example: 1 2

4 3 Z

Parallel Lines lines that never intersect and are the same distance apart at opposite points along the lines. Example:

A

Polygon a closed plane figure with straight sides that is named by the number of its sides and angles. 2 Example: 1 3
6 5 4

Pentagon a polygon with five sides and five internal angles. Example: 1 2
5 4 3

Period a three digit grouping on a Place Value chart or in a Number. Example: 6, 000, 000
Period

Prism a solid figure whose ends are congruent, parallel polygons and whose sides are rectangles. Example:
End Side End

Pyramid a solid figure with a base that is a polygon and three or more other faces that are triangles with a common vertex. Vertex Example: Note the base is a square, so the figure
is a square pyramid Triangle Face Base

Quotient the answer in a division problem. Example: Quotient 18 2 36 2 16 16 0

Quadrilateral a polygon that has four sides and four internal angles. -- General Quadrilateral has four sides of any length and four internal angles of any size. 2 Example: 1 3
4

-- Trapezoid has one pair of parallel sides. 2 Example:

Note sides 2 & 4 are parallel.

Quadrilateral (Continued) -- Parallelogram has two pairs of congruent sides, two pairs of congruent angles, and two pairs of parallel sides. 2 Example:
1 4 3

Note sides 2 & 4 are parallel and sides 1 & 3 are parallel

-- Rhombus has four congruent sides and two pairs of congruent angles. Example:
1 2

Note sides 1, 2, 3, & 4 are congruent and opposite angles are congruent
4 3

Quadrilateral (Continued) -- Square has four congruent sides and four right (90) angles. 2 Example:
1 4 3

Note sides 1, 2, 3, & 4 are congruent and all angles are right (90) angles.

-- Rectangle has two pairs of congruent sides, four right (90) angles, and two pairs of parallel sides. Example: 2
1 4 3

Note sides 2 & 4 are parallel, sides 1 & 3 are parallel, and all angles are right (90) angles.

Rounding Rules 1. Decide which digit is to be rounded (use place value position names). 2. If the digit to its right is less than 5, the digit being rounded stays the same and all digits to the right change to 0s. 3. If the digit to its right is 5 or more, the digit being rounded is increased by 1 and all the digits to the right change to 0s. Example: 423 rounded to the nearest ten is 420. 289 rounded to the nearest ten is 290.

Ray a part of a line that has one end point and goes on forever in one direction. A ray is named by its endpoint and one other point on the ray. Example:
A B

Ray A B or A B

Range the difference between the greatest and the least numbers in an ordered set of data. Example: Data Set 5, 9, 15, 26, 4, 1; Ordered data 1, 4, 5, 9, 15, 26 The range is 25 ( 26 1 = 25).

Radius see section C, under Circle.

Reflection when a figure is flipped across a line (or an axis). Example:

Note points that are near the line or axis on one side are near the line or axis on the other side. Points that are far on one side are far on the other side.

Rotation when a figure is turned around a point or a vertex. A Example:

Symbols signs that have meaning. = > < is the symbol for equals. (Example: 4 = 4 x 1 ) is the symbol for greater than. (Example: 5 > 4) is the symbol for less than. (Example: 4 < 5) is the symbol for does not equal. (Example: 4 5) is the symbol for approximately equals. (Example: 99 100)

Subtrahend a number that is to be subtracted from another number (minuend). Example: 14 9 9 is the subtrahend 5

Strategy a plan or way for solving a problem Examples: 1. Act out the problem. 2. Make a picture or diagram. 3. Make a table. 4. Make an organized list. 5. Guess and check. 6. Look for a pattern. 7. Work backwards. 8. Use logical reasoning 9. Solve a simpler problem. Similar (Figures) figures that have the same shape, but may not have the same size. Example: Note Figure A is similar
A A

to figure A.

Simplest Form a fraction that has 1 as the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of the numerator and the denominator is in simplest form. Example: = 3 1 1 is in simplest form because 9 3 3 the GCF of 1 and 3 is 1. Scale a series of numbers placed at fixed distances on a graph.
Example:
5

Scale

4 3 2 1

X
5 10 15 20 25

Stem Leaf Plot a table tha shows data organized by place value. Example: Data Set (Student grades) 71, 84, 95, 73, 76, 87, 95, 96, 97. Stem Leaf 7 8 9 1, 3, 6 4, 7 5, 5, 6, 7

Time Measurement: 1 Year = 365 days or 52 weeks or 12 months. 1 Week = 7 days. 1 Day = 24 hours. 1 Hour = 60 minutes. 1 Minute = 60 seconds. Time (meaning of the digits): 7 : 5 5 A. M. - School starts
Hours Minutes

514

Time (Subtracting):

2 m 4 sec -1m 25 sec

1 m 64 sec - 1 m 25 sec 39 sec

Triangle a polygon with three sides and three internal angles. -- Scalene Triangle a triangle with three sides of different length and three angles of different measure. Example:
1 2 3

Note sides 1, 2, & 3 are all different in length.

-- Isosceles Triangle a triangle with two congruent sides and two congruent angles. Example:
1 2

Note sides 1 & 2 are the same in length.

Triangle a polygon with three sides and three internal angles. -- Equilateral Triangle a triangle with three congruent sides and three congruent angles. Example:
1 2

Note sides 1, 2, & 3 are all congruent.

-- Right Triangle a triangle with one right (90) angle. Example:

Right Angle

Triangle a polygon with three sides and three internal angles. -- Acute Triangle a triangle with three acute angles. Example:
1 2

Note all angles are acute angles

-- Obtuse Triangle a triangle with one obtuse angle. Example:

Obtuse Angle

Translation when a figure slides in any direction (vertically, horizontally, diagonally) Example:

Start

Stop

Transformation the movement of a figure; either a Translation, Rotation, or Reflection.

Unlike Fractions fractions that have different denominators. Example: 3 and 2 are unlike because their denominators 4 3 are different (4 & 3).

Vertex the point where two rays of an angle, two sides of a Polygon, or three or more edges of a solid figure meet. Vertex Example:

Venn Diagram a diagram that uses geometric shapes (usually circles) to show relationships. Example:
Divisible by 2 4 8 10 16 18 12 24 21 Divisible by 2 & 3 6 3 9 15 Divisible by 3

Volume the measure of the space a solid figure occupies. Example:

Computing volume - W x H x D; volume is expressed in cubic units.

Zero Property of Multiplication see section M, under Multiplication.

Numbers there are three ways to write a number. -- Standard Form a number that is written using the numeral symbols. Example: 1, 456, 729 -- Written Form a number that is written using the words that show how many (quantity) and place value. Example: One million, four hundred fifty-six thousand, seven hundred twenty-nine. -- Expanded Form a number that is written by separating it into parts by place value and by using multiplication to show the value of the digit. Example: 1 x 1, 000,000 + 4 x 100,000 + 5 x 10,000 + 6 x 1, 000 + 7 x 100 + 2 x 10 + 9 x 1.

Place Value the system used to give meaning to numbers written in a series. Example: 9 0 1, 2 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 0 Billions Millions Thousands Units 9 0 1, 2 3 4, 5 6 7, 8 9 0 Hundreds Tens Ones 9 x 100, 000, 000, 000 + 0 x 10, 000, 000, 000 + 1 x 1, 000, 000, 000 + 2 x 100, 000, 000 + 3 x 10, 000, 000 + 4 x 1, 000, 000 + 5 x 100, 000 + 6 x 10, 000 + 7 x 1, 000 + 8 x 100 + 9 x 10 + 0 x 1

Patterns When finding the missing number in a list of numbers, you need to figure out what pattern exists in the list. First, figure out whether the numbers are increasing or decreasing. Then, figure out how much more or how much less each number is than the previous number. Example: 10, 11, 12, ? , 1413 is the missing number. Example: 40, 39, 38, ? , 3637 is the missing number. Example: 4, 8, 12, 16, ? 20 is the missing number.

Patterns When finding the missing picture in a list of pictures, you need to figure out what pattern exists in the list. First, look at the increasing or decreasing in the number of objects in each picture in the list. Then, figure out how much bigger or how much smaller each picture is than the previous picture. Example: Complete the geometric patterns.

Answer:

Answer:

Conversion To change from one unit of measure to another unit of measure E.x., 12 inches = 1 foot 12 inches / 12 inches per foot = 1 foot

Formula A set of symbols that expresses a mathematical rule. E.x., Area = Length times Width (A = L x W)

Decimal Place Value the system used to give meaning to decimal numbers written in a series. Example: 0 . 2 3 4 0 .2 3 4 Tenths Hundredths Thousandths

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