Angular Measurement
Arun sharma B.E.(hons) M.E.(hons) Assistant professor [email protected]
Angular Measurement
Circles are divided into 360 equal parts, each being a degree. Each of these degrees can be evenly divided into 60 equal parts. These parts are called minutes. These minutes can be evenly divided into 60 equal parts. These parts are called minutes.
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Angular Measurement
1 Circle = 360 Degrees ( 360 ) 1 Degree ( 1 ) = 1/360th of a Circle 1 Degree ( 1) 1 Minute ( 1' ) = 60 Minutes ( 60' ) = 1/60th of a Degree
1 Minute ( 1') = 60 Seconds ( 60" ) 1 Second ( 1" ) = 1/60th of a Minute
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Angular Measurement
The unit of degree can also be divided into either decimal or fractional parts and is referred to as decimal degrees or fractional degrees respectively.
1 Degree = 1.5 Degree ( 1.5)
87 Degrees = 87.25 Degrees ( 87.25 )
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Angular Measurement
Minutes and seconds can each be expressed as decimal or fractional degrees. 1 Minute ( 1' ) = 1/60th of a Degree = 0.01667 1 Second ( 1" ) = 1/60th of a Minute = 0.01667'
Angular Measurement
Change 525' to decimal degrees
Divide the minutes by 60
25 divided by 60 = 0.4167
Add 0.4167 to 5 = 5.4167 525' = 5.4167
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Angular Measurement
Change 2752'35" to decimal degrees
Divide the seconds by 60, add to minutes
35 divided by 60 = 0.5833 Added to the 52 minutes, it becomes 52.5833'
Divide the minutes by 60, add to degrees
52.5833 divided by 60 = .8764 Added to the 27 degrees, it becomes 27.8764
2752'35" = 27.8764
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Angular Measurement
Change 47.75 to degrees, minutes, and seconds
Multiply the decimal portion by 60
75 x 60 = 45
This decimal .75 becomes 45 minutes. Add this to the degrees.
Since there isn't any decimal portion after the 45, no further work is necessary.
47.75 = 4745'
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Angular Measurement
Change 82.3752 to Degrees, minutes, and seconds Multiply the decimal portion by 60
0.3752 x 60 = 22.512 (the 22 becomes the minutes) Now add this to the degrees 82.3752 = 8222.512'
Multiply the decimal minutes by 60
0.512 x 60 = 30.72 Now add this to the degrees and minutes to become seconds.
82.3752 = 8222'30.72"
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Angular Measure Tools
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Angular Measurement
Most common tools
Simple Protractor Multi-Use Gage Combination Set Universal bevel protractor Sine bar Sine plate
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Protractor
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Protractor
Whole degree increments
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Multi-Use Gage
Pre-set positions for 45 and 90 degrees, 59 degree drill point angle, and whole degree increments.
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Multi-Use Gage
Pre-set position for 90 degrees.
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Multi-Use Gage
Pre-set position for 45 degrees.
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Multi-Use Gage
Measuring 59 degree drill point angle.
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Combination Set Protractor
Whole degree increments
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Protractor Head
Whole degree increments
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Protractor
Built-in Spirit Level
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Protractor
Angular Measure with Protract or Head
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Transfer-type Protractors
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Universal Bevel Protractor
Precision angles to within 5' (0.083) Consist of base
Vernier scale Protractor dial Sliding blade Dial clamp nut
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Vernier Protractor
Used to measure obtuse angle (90-180) Acute-angle attachment fastened to protractor to measure angles less than 90 Main scale divided into two arcs of 180
Scale divided into 12 spaces on each side of 0 If zero on vernier scale coincides with line on main: reading in degrees
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Reading a Vernier Protractor
Note number of whole degrees between zero on main scale and zero on vernier scale Proceeding in same direction, note which vernier line coincides with main scale line Multiply number by 5' and addFourth to degrees on protractor dial
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4 x 5'= 20'
Reading = 50 20'
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Inclinometer
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Sine Bars
Used when accuracy of angle must be checked to less than 5 minutes Consists of steel bar with two cylinders of equal diameter fastened near ends
Centers of cylinders exactly 90 to edge Distance between centers usually 5 or 10 inches and 100 or 200 millimeters.
Made of stabilized tool hardened steel
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Sine Bar
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Sine Bars
Used on surface plates and any angle by raising one end of bar with gage blocks Made 5 inch or in multiples of 5 or 100 millimeters or multiple of 100
Distance between lapped cylinders.
Face accurate to within .00005 in. in 5 inches or 0.001 mm in 100 mm.
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Sine Bars
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Sine Plate
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