Scribd
Upload
97 views25 pages

Raid

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into a single logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. There are several RAID levels that offer different balances of the performance and fault-tolerance benefits of RAID. The most commonly used RAID levels are Levels 0, 1, 5, and 10, with Level 5 providing good performance along with parity-based fault tolerance through data striping and distributed parity across drives.

Uploaded by

narang24
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
97 views25 pages

Raid

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into a single logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. There are several RAID levels that offer different balances of the performance and fault-tolerance benefits of RAID. The most commonly used RAID levels are Levels 0, 1, 5, and 10, with Level 5 providing good performance along with parity-based fault tolerance through data striping and distributed parity across drives.

Uploaded by

narang24
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

What is raid?

RAID stands for: Redundant Array of Inexpensive or Independent Disks RAID is the term used to describe a storage systems' resilience to disk failure through the use of multiple disks and by the use of data distribution and correction techniques. RAID is a great system for increasing speed and availability of data. More data protection than non-RAID disk systems. Fulfils the needs of multimedia and other data hungry programs. Provides fault tolerance.

Why Use RAID ?


RAID devices can act as a single drive. Allows simultaneous read/write. Overall increase in I/O performance. Provides data redundancy.

Advantages of RAID
Affordable alternative to mass storage Cost/Megabyte is dropping. Smaller drives make this possible. Obtain performance of expensive high end disks High throughput and reliability Use of small diameter disks. Seek distances lower. High I/O rates, less power/megabyte.

Software and / or Hardware


RAID can be Software, Hardware or a combination of both. Generally speaking, Software RAID tends to offer duplication or mirroring, whilst Hardware RAID offers Paritybased protection.

Cont.
Software RAID uses more system resources as more disk ports and channels are required and it is subject to additional load during write and copy operations. Software RAID may have a lower cost than hardware RAID because it has no dedicated RAID controller, but may not have the same hotfix or performance capabilities. Software RAID is needed for mirroring to remote locations.

HARDWARE RAID
Hardware RAID offloads Parity generation and checking from the host, and also leaves the host unaffected by internal operations such as rebuilds. Hardware RAID allows for greater disk capacity per disk port. Hardware RAID requires the expense of a RAID controller per subsystem. Hardware RAID systems themselves can also be mirrored with software mirroring.

Level 0 Non Redundant


RAID level 0 does not provide fault tolerance. This level is also known as disk striping, because it uses a disk file system called a stripe set. Data is divided into blocks and is spread in a fixed order among all the disks in the array. RAID level 0 improves read and write performance by spreading operations across multiple disks, so that operations can be performed independently.

Sequential blocks of data are written across multiple disks in stripes, as follows

Level 1-Mirrored
RAID level 1 provides fault tolerance. This level is also known as disk mirroring because it uses a disk file system called a mirror set. Disk mirroring provides a redundant, identical copy of a selected disk. All data written to the primary disk is written to the mirror disk. It also generally improves read performance (but may degrade write

RAID Level 1 (Mirroring)

RAID Level 1
Data duplicated, also the controller card Requires only two drives to implement Advantages
Random Read performance=better than single disk Sequential Read Performance=fair, just as single disks Sequential Write Performance=good Random Write Performance=same as single disks Simple to Implement

Disadvantage - high check disk overhead!

Level 2- Bit-redundancy
RAID level 2 uses error correcting algorithm that employs disk-striping strategy that breaks a file into bytes and spreads it across multiple disks. The error-correction method requires several disks. RAID level 2 is more advanced than Level 0, because it provides fault tolerance, but is not as efficient as other RAID levels and is not generally used.

RAID Level 2

RAID Level 2
Uses Bit-level striping with Hamming codes for ECC Number of disks required depends on exact implementation Only fair fault tolerance Advantages
Random Read performance=fair Sequential Read Performance=very good Sequential Write performance=good

Disadvantages
Random Write Performance=poor Requires a complex controller High overhead for check disks Not used in modern systems

Level 3- Bit-interleaved Parity


RAID level 3 is similar to RAID level 2, because it uses the same striping method as level 2, but it requires only one disk for parity data. RAID 3 suffers from a write bottleneck, because all parity data is written to a single drive, but provides some read and write performance improvement.

RAID Level 3

RAID Level 3
Uses byte-level striping with dedicated parity Requires minimum three drives to implement Has good fault-tolerance Advantages
Random Read Performance=good Sequential Read performance=very good Sequential Write performance=fair to good Lowest overhead for check disks

Disadvantages
Random Write performance=poor Complex controller design

Level 4 - Block-level Parity


RAID level 4 is similar to RAID level 3, because it uses the similar striping method as level 3 and requires only one disk for parity data, but it employs striped data in much larger blocks or segments. RAID level 4 is not as efficient as RAID level 5, because (as in RAID level 3) all parity data is written to a single drive, so RAID level 4 suffers from a write bottleneck and is not generally used.

RAID Level 4

RAID Level 4
Uses Block-level striping with dedicated parity Requires minimum of 3 drives to implement Has good fault-tolerance Advantages
Random Read Performance=very good Sequential Read and Write performance=good Lowest overhead of check disks

Disadvantages
Quite complex controller design Random write performance=poor Not commonly used

Level 5- Block-level Distributed Parity


RAID level 5 is known as striping with parity. This is the most popular RAID level. It is similar to level 4 in that it stripes the data in large blocks across all the disks in the array. It differs in that it writes the parity across all the disks. The data redundancy is provided by the parity information. The data and parity information are arranged on the disk array so that the two are always on different disks. RAID level 5 has better performance than RAID level 1 and provides fault tolerance.

RAID Level 5

RAID Level 5
Uses Block-level striping with distributed parity Requires a minimum of 3 drives to implement Advantages
Random Read performance=very good Random Write performance=fair Sequential Read and Write performance=good Lowest overhead of check disks

Disadvantages
Most complex controller design Difficult to rebuild in the event of a disk failure

Hybrid RAID Levels:


Some hardware vendors provide hybrid RAID levels combining features of the original RAID levels. Three of the most common hybrid levels are RAID level 10, RAID level 30, and RAID level 50. RAID level 10 is hybrid RAID level that combine mirroring with striping. RAID level 30 and RAID level 50 are hybrid RAID levels that combine parity RAID techniques with data striping

Compare RAID Levels

You might also like