hello!! hello!! hello!!

Sounds Familiar?

A to X of Telephone

It all started with .

Mr. Watson come here!
1876. The first successful experiment with the telephone. Alexander Graham Bell spoke to his assistant to his delight, he heard and came and stood by him!

A cry of exhilaration 129 years ago

Thats me.. Grahams phone

Since my discovery in 1876 my looks and properties have undergone significant changes from time to time.

At heart I still perform the basic task of transporting Voice from one point to the other.

My Network
As a standalone unit I am dead.

To make me live the basic requirements are:

Connectivity to the Central Office / Exchange Connectivity of the Central Office to other similar Central Offices / exchanges across the national / International geography. Let me tell give you a top down view of the Telecom network as a Whole

Elements of Telecommunication
A telecommunication network can be broadly classified into 3 parts:

Telecommunications

Access part

Central Office

Backbone Part

The Access Part

The portion of the Telecom networks which delivers the voce / data to the end subscriber can be termed as the access network.
Access Part

Wire line

Wireless

The Access Part- Wire line

In this case there is some physical medium of connecting the subscriber which could be
Wire line
Copper cable Co-axial cable HF Cable Optical Fiber

The Central Office

It can be further be classified

Switching Systems

Manual

Automatic

CBNM

CBM

Electromechanical

Electronic

Strowger (or step-by-step)

Crossbar

Digital

Analog

Circuit switch

Packet switch

ATM Switch

Soft Switch

The Backbone Part

It basically is the connectivity between two Central Offices.

Back Bone UHF /MW systems Satellite based Cable based

Open Wire systems

Switch / Excha nge

Central Office

Cu

Access network Modern digital exchange

Switch / Exchan ge

Backbone network

City B Central Office

Access network
Switc h/ Exch ange

City A Access network

Central Office

Access network
Gradually with the increase in the number of telephone need was felt to introduce flexibility in the copper network to accommodate uncertainties of the number of telephones required in a particular area. Here came the concept of network elements like Cabinets / Pillars / Sub pillars and DPs in the access network The Copper cable of multiple pairs (typically 2400 / 1600 /1200 /800 /400 /200 /100 /50 /20 /10 /5 pairs of copper) originates from the exchange (from Main Distribution Frame or the MDF) and terminates on multiple Cabinets / pillars.

Exchange

Pillar A 400 pairs

Pillar B 800 pairs

1200 pairs Cu cable

800

Area A
Sub Pillar

Area X 400 400 50 50

Area Y

DP

DP

SP

200

SP
20

DP

Tag blocks and jumpers

Main Distribution frame of an Exchange

Pillar closed and open

Tag blocks and jumper s

Access Network
Copper - very costly element in the network, attempts made to reduce the thickness of the copper pair to reduce the cost. Restricted the distance for voice transmission This required multiple exchanges ( central offices) to be installed to cover a large city. The connectivity between two central offices within the same city was called the Intra-city Backbone It is exactly similar to the Intercity backbone but is within the same city

RSU
Switch / Excha nge

Intra city Backbone RSU DP

50

Central Office RSU DP

50

100

SP
20

DP

Cu network

In very simple words, we can define Switching, as forwarding the User1 (Source) data/ speech, using different Network Elements (DCE/DTE, Modems, Muxs, SN Matrices etc..), to the far end User2 (Destination), in a Reliable and Understandable fashion. In this case the User can be single or can be a group of Users.

Some Basic Telecommunication Terms

Telecommunication Any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems. Telecommunication service Service offered by a network or service provider to its customers in order to satisfy a specific telecommunication requirement. Telecommunication services are divided into two broad families: bearer services and teleservices. Bearer Service The Bearer Service is a type of telecommunication service that provides the capability for the transmission of signals between access points.

Teleservice The type of telecommunication service that provides the complete capability, including terminal equipment functions, for communication. Examples of a teleservice include speech, fax etc.

Charging : Chargeable Event

An activity utilizing telecommunications network infrastructure and related services for user to user communication (e.g. a single call, a data communication session or a short message), or for user to network communication (e.g. service profile administration), or for inter-network communication (e.g. transferring calls, signalling, or short messages), or for mobility (e.g. roaming or inter-system handover), which the network operator wants to charge for. The cost of a chargeable event may cover the cost of sending, transporting, delivery and storage. The cost of call related signalling may also be included.

Tariff
The set of charges that apply depending to a specific call plan.

CDR - Call Detail Record

A database record unit used to create billing records. A CDR contains details such as the called and calling parties, originating switch, terminating switch, call length, and time of day.

Traffic
The information moved over a communication channel.

Traffic capacity
The maximum traffic per unit of time that a given telecommunications system, subsystem, or device can carry under specified conditions.

TCH - Traffic Channel

A logical channel used for the transport of user data.

Transmission
The propagation of a signal, message, or other form of information by any means, such as telegraph, telephone, radio, television, or facsimile via any medium. These may include wire, coaxial cable, microwave, optical fibre, or radio frequency.

Transmission line
The material medium or structure that forms all or part of a path from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electric currents, magnetic fields, acoustic waves, or electromagnetic waves. Transmission lines include wires, optical fibres, coaxial cable and waveguides.

E1 Wide area digital transmission scheme used predominantly in Europe that carries data at a rate of 2.048Mbps. E1 lines can be leased for private use from common carriers. The E1 contains 32 timeslots at 64Kbps.
Trunk A transmission channel between two points that are switching centres or nodes. Trunks may be used to interconnect switches to form networks. TS - Timeslot In a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) system the carrier is split into multiple timeslots, the duration being dependant on the technology. Each user is assigned one or more timeslots for communication purposes. Routing Routing is a Switching technique that determines the next network point to which voice/fax/data call in the form of dialled digits should be routed towards its destination. The route is connected to at least two network elements (POIs). ISDN - Integrated Service Digital Network An ISDN is an end to end digital network capable of simultaneous transmission of a range of services such as voice, data and video etc. The network is based upon 64Kbps circuits.

PRI - Primary Rate Interface

A Primary Rate Interface is a ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) term describing either an E1 circuit in Europe or a T1 circuit in North America. These are comprised of 30 traffic channels and two signalling channels (E1, 30B+2D - 2.048Mbps) and 23 traffic channels and one signalling channels (T1, 23B+D - 1.544Mbps) respectively.

BRI - Basic Rate Interface

The Basic Rate Interface is an ISDN interface composed of two B channels (at 64Kbps) and one d channel (at 16Kbps) for circuit switched communication of voice, video, and data.

DTMF - Dual Tone Multi-Frequency

System used by touch tone telephones where one high and one low frequency, or tone, is assigned to each touch tone button on the phone.

PCM - Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse Code Modulation is a process in which an analogue signal is encoded into a digital bit stream. The analogue is first sampled, then quantized and finally encoded into a bit stream. The most common version of PCM enables one voice circuit to be represented by a 64Kbps stream.

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ELECTRONIC SWITCHING SYSTEM

EWSD

MODULAR DESIGN

EWSD APPLICATIONS

GENERAL INFORMATION

Microscopic view to the switching system

The Switching System architecture has 5 blocks Switching Network (SN) Access Signaling Control & Management

ARCHITECTURE

EWSD COMPONENTS

TASK DISTRIBUTION

INTERFACES

INTERFACES (EXT.)

INTERFACES (INT.)

DIGITAL LINE UNIT

DLU FUNCTIONS

SYSTEM STRUCTURE

SLMA (SUBSCRIBER LINE MODULE, ANALOG)

SLMD (SUBSCRIBER

LINE MODULE, DIGITAL

(DLU) DIGITAL INTERFACE UNIT FUNCTIONs

DLUC (DIGITAL LINE UNIT CONTROL)

LINE TRUNK GROUP (LTG)

FUNCTIONS:

LINE TRUNK GROUP STRUCTURE (LTGS)

SWITCHING NETWORK (SN)

The actual switching process establishing a call connection between two subscribers takes place in the hardware subsystem called Switching Network (SN).

SN OVERVIEW

SN FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES

SN: LTG EXPANSION

SWITCHING

SN VER 15

SN VER63

SN VER126

COORDINATION UNIT
The EWSD system incorporates largely independent subsystems with separate microprocessor controls. The coordination processor handles the coordination of these microprocessor controls and the data transfer between them.

COORDINATION TASK

MESSAGE BUFFER

MESSAGE BUFFER (USAGE)

The following types of information are sent through the MB: __ Messages __ Reports __ Orders __ Commands The transmission channel between the LTGs and the MB is called the Message Channel. The Switching Network (SN) provides a semipermanent path for this channel.

MB CONNECTION TO SN AND LTGs

The Message Buffer Units are connected to the Line/Trunk Groups and SN in the following manner: The MB 0 accesses only the SN 0, and the MB 1 accesses only the SN 1 The CP receives and transmits to the MB 0 and the MB 1. A MBG can serve 2x63 LTGs. The SN, including the SGC, can serves those units in the SN that are required to support up to 2x63 LTGs.

CENTRAL CLOCK GENERATOR

CLOCK DISTRIBUTION HIERARCHY

CLOCK DISTRIBUTION HIERARCHY AMONG EXCHANGES

SYSTEM PANEL (SYP)

SYP DISPLAY UNITS

SYSTEM PANEL ALARMS

COORDINATION PROCESSOR
Individual units of the EWSD system are provided with separate controls. Due to this load sharing capacity, the EWSD is a flexible and powerful system. Coordination Processor controls all common system procedures and coordinates the operating, safeguarding, and switching process.

COORDINATION PROCESSOR TASK

COORDINATION PROCESSOR UNITS

BUS SYSTEM (B:CMY)

The bus system (B:CMY) allows the processors to: - access the Common Memory (CMY) - and communicate directly with other. Both bus systems transfer the same information simultaneously to both memory banks.

COMMON MEMORY

In addition to the (CMY) which is accessed by all processors, each processor has its own local memory.

CP UNITS AND TASKS

INPUT/OUTPUT CONTROL PROCESSOR

INPUT/OUTPUT PROCESSOR USAGE

TASKS OF BAPs

COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALING NETWORK

CCNC STRUCTURE

FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF CCNC

CONNECTION TO LTG

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF SILTGs

The EWSD switching system is suitable for a wide range of applications with respect to :

-- Exchange size. -- Range of features. -- Range of services. -- Network environment. -- Equipment Stability.

CALL SETUP

CALL SETUP BETWEEN ASUBSCRIBER AND A-LTG

CALL SETUP BETWEEN ASUBSCRIBER AND A-LTG

EVALUATION BY THE CP

Network Management System (NMS)

TRAFFIC & CCR MANAGEMENT

TRAFFIC
The unit of traffic is Erlang. Erlang is a measure of the time for which a particular circuit is busy continuously. For the duration of 1 hour, if the circuit is busy for complete one hour we call it 1 Erlang. If there are N circuits, then the maximum traffic will be N erlang, which means all circuits busy for the complete duration of the observation period.

Aims of Traffic Measurement

Analysis of Traffic Measurement helps in : Network planning and Traffic forecast
Planning new networks & expansion of existing networks Reveals extreme load situations Optimum ratio of Investment to Yield

Network Traffic Management

Detect overload situations Helps in defining overflow on alternate routes Detects faults in the network

TRAFFIC MONITORING
Networks are subject to considerable traffic fluctuations. Traffic monitoring helps in detecting traffic bottlenecks and overload situations. Following objects can be put under monitoring:Trunk Groups (TGRP)
Traffic load Period during which all trunks in a group were busy (ATBT)

Coordination Processor (CP) DLU / LTG

NETWORK MANAGEMENT
Traffic measurement helps in network management. It aims at Ensuring optimum usage of network resources even during periods of high load. Also aims at providing the subscribers with the highest possible level of connection quality.

It involves
Reducing volume of traffic to a destination Route the traffic to alternate paths during congestion Block the traffic

It results in
Protection of the network against unsuccessful traffic and thus saves Revenue.

TRAFFIC REDUCTION & CONGESTION CONTROL

Call Blocking Points (CBPT)
Code Blocking Blocking specifiable % of all seizures for all specific digit combinations. Call Gapping Blocking the seizures for specifiable time interval for specific digit combination. Leaky Bucket Dynamic reduction of seizure attempts. Crank Back A max. of 10,000 code block points can be created. Rejected call attempts can be successfully diverted to appropriate incepts (announcements).

ENHANCING NETWORK CAPACITY

There are some features which can enhance the network capacity :
ODR (Optimized Dynamic Routing)

HTRC (Hard To Reach Control)

MCC (Mass Call Control)

CCR
CCR Call Completion Rate Ratio of number of successful calls to number of call attempts.

Measure of network stability and more importantly Revenue generation

Call failure Network reasons Subscriber reasons

CCR
A city is divided in to number of smaller regions. Periodic record of CCR is maintained for each region. A series of graphs shows the increase or decrease in the CCR of different areas.

If a dip is observed in any of the graphs of a particular region, ICTST is used to monitor the incoming or outgoing calls to/from a particular region. This helps in detecting the reason for the failure of the unsuccessful calls.

Lets have a look on some of the reports

Call Waiting (CW) Description:

The Call Waiting (CW) feature indicates to a subscriber involved in a call that another call is waiting. A subscriber option allows the waiting party to be informed of the call wait-ing status by means of a message or recorded Announcement. The called subscriber can either accept, reject or ignoring call.

Operator benefits
fewer busy situations more successful traffic higher level of acceptance among end customers

Subscriber benefits
greater availability the waiting subscriber is informed of the activated feature

Selective call Waiting Description:

With the Selective Call Waiting (SCW) feature, waiting call requests from defined directory numbers (DN) are indicated to the called subscriber. The defined numbers are contained in a subscriber-specific screening list.

Operator benefits
improved service

Subscriber benefits
Call Waiting allowed only for selected directory numbers

Call Forwarding

Description:
With the feature Call Forwarding , the subscriber can automatically forward incoming calls to a different directory number which he/she has determined in advance. Types of call Forwarding:
1.

2. 3. 4. 5.

Call forwarding Immediate. Call forwarding no reply. Call forwarding on busy. Call forwarding do not ans. Call forwarding to fixed announcement.
Operator benefits

increase in the volume of successful traffic, resulting in higher callcharge revenues improved service
Subscriber benefits

more user-friendly improved accessibility Call Forwarding Controlled by subscriber

6.Call forwarding to VMS Operator benefits voice mail service made simpler and therefore more attractive, resulting in increased revenue Subscriber benefits messages can be left for the forwarding subscriber at any time of the day if he or she is unavailable feature is easy to use

7.Call forwarding selective

Operator benefits enhancement of the call forwarding feature, providing added marketing opportunities Subscriber benefits selection of calling subscribers whose calls are to be forwarded

Rejection of Forwarded Calls Description:

The feature Rejection of Forwarded Calls (RFC) allows a subscriber to automatically reject calls that have been forwarded to him or her. Operator benefits improved service Subscriber benefits no forwarded calls

Selective Call Origination Description:

With the feature Selective Call Originating (SCO), calls to defined directory numbers can be specifically prevented or permitted. The subscriber can define up to 50 directory numbers. It is also possible to specify partial directory numbers. The relevant directory numbers are stored in subscriber-specific screening lists: Two types of lists can be defined for a subscriber a black list (for calls that are permitted) or a White list (for calls that are not permitted.). Operator benefits feature with additional marketing possibilities Subscriber benefits blocking of specific directory numbers

Selective Call Termination Description:

With the feature Selective Call Termination (SCT), call requests from certain defined directory numbers are accepted for termination. The subscriber can define up to 50 directory numbers. It is also possible to specify partial directory numbers. The numbers in question are contained in subscriberdefined screening. Two types of lists can be defined for a subscriber a black list(calls from the nos. in the list are rejected) or a White list(calls from the nos. in the list are accepted).

Operator benefits improved service Subscriber benefits distinguish between important and non-important incoming calls barring of unwanted directory numbers

Kickout Description:
The Kickout feature enables the subscriber to enter the directory numbers of undesirable callers into a screening list. Call requests from subscribers whose directory numbers are in the screening list are rejected. All other calls are switched through. The directory numbers can be placed in the screening list by means of a subscriber procedure performed either during or shortly after an undesirable call. Operator benefits An attractive feature to differentiate from the competition Subscriber benefits This feature prevents calls from undesirable subscribers

Multiple Simultaneous Call Forwarding Description

The feature Multiple Simultaneous Call Forwarding (MSCF) makes it possible to forward a number of incoming call requests simultaneously to a defined destination (e.g. a voice mailbox). This feature supplements the call forwarding feature (CF). It is of relevance for the following types of call forwarding:
Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) Call Forwarding on Busy (CFB) Call Forwarding on No Reply (CFNR)

Operator benefits
higher call completion rate, resulting in higher revenues from call charges

Subscriber benefits
greater availability

Parallel Ringing Definition Description:

The Parallel Ringing feature simultaneously signals calls to two separate lines belonging to the same subscriber, e.g. a fixed line in the PSTN and a mobile number. The subscriber can accept the call on either of the two lines.

Operator benefits
increased call charge revenue through additional call setups (called subscriber 1 called subscriber 2 subscriber) enhanced service offered to subscribers: greater accessibility

Subscriber benefits
for mobile phone users, e.g. greater accessibility call diversion need not be activated explicitly it is not necessary to publicize the directory number of the second line

Do Not Disturb (DND)

Description
The feature Do Not Disturb (DND) allows a subscriber who does not wish to be disturbed to have incoming calls forwarded immediately to a recorded announcement. The announcement informs the calling subscriber, for example, of the reason why he or she cannot reach the called party at the moment.

Operator benefits
higher call completion rate and therefore increased revenue

Subscriber benefits
no disturbance by calls calling subscriber hears a recorded announcement

Distinctive Ringing (DR) Description

The Distinctive Ringing (DR) feature is used to assign a subscriber line up to four different ringing tones for incoming calls. For example, the following call types can be differentiated

normal call forwarded call (CFU) call completion to busy subscriber (CCBS) operator call

Operator benefits
improved service

Subscriber benefits
greater transparency for incoming calls

Selective Ringing Description:

With the feature Selective Ringing (SR), call requests from certain defined directory numbers (DN) are signaled to the subscriber by means of different ringing sequences. The subscriber can define up to 50 directory numbers. It is also possible to specify partial directory numbers. The numbers in question are contained in subscriber-specific screening lists, i.e. in a white list or a black list.

Operator benefits
improved service

Subscriber benefits
distinguish between important and non-important calls

Automatic Recall (AR) Definition

The Automatic Recall (AR) feature allows an called subscriber to automatically initiate a call that could not be set up by a calling subscriber. The recall number is stored in the system. The called subscriber can initiate a recall with the aid of the recall number (without the subscriber having to know it) by entering an appropriate feature code.

Operator benefits
This feature establishes calls that might not otherwise take place Higher charges rate by more successful connections

Subscriber benefits
This feature enables called subscribers to automatically set up calls that were not originally established by the caller (because the called party is delayed in reaching the telephone or cannot accept the call at the time). More user-friendly for the subscriber

Selective Call Originating Description

With the feature Selective Call Originating (SCO), calls to defined directory numbers can be specifically prevented or permitted. The subscriber can define up to 50 directory numbers. It is also possible to specify partial directory numbers. The relevant directory numbers are stored in subscriber-specific screening lists: in a white list for calls that are permitted, and in a black list for calls that are not permitted. A subscriber can have both screening lists, but only one can be active at any one time. Operator benefits

feature with additional marketing possibilities Subscriber benefits blocking of specific directory numbers

Abbreviated Dialing (ABBD) Description

The Abbreviated Dialing (ABBD) feature enables a subscriber to create an individual abbreviated dialing list and store this list in the network node. Each directory number in the list is assigned an abbreviated directory number. The abbreviated dialing list can contain internal, national and international directory numbers. The network node automatically converts this to the full directory number when establishing the connection. Operator benefits

feature with additional marketing opportunities

Subscriber benefits
more user-friendly shorter dial procedure

Call Completion to Busy Subscriber Description

The Call Completion to Busy Subscriber (CCBS) feature enables a subscriber to have the network node redial a subscriber who was busy when originally called. Once the busy subscriber becomes free again, the network node calls back the subscriber who activated the feature. If the subscriber accepts the call from the network node, a connection is automatically set up to the subscriber who was previously busy without the caller having to redial the number. Operator benefits

improved service higher revenues generated due to increased acceptance of the feature
Subscriber benefits

no need to redial a busy subscriber directory number greater ease of use thanks to simplified feature control

Call Completion on No Reply Description

The Call Completion on No Reply (CCNR) feature enables a subscriber to have a call attempt repeated automatically by the network node if the called subscriber does not re-ply. When the called subscriber has become active again the network node starts a re-call to the subscriber who activated the feature. If the subscriber accepts the call from the network node, a connection is automatically set up to the subscriber without the call-er having to redial the number. Operator benefits

improved extent of utilization of node resources

improved service
Subscriber benefits

time-saving
greater ease of use thanks to simplified feature control

Fixed Destination Call Description

With the feature Fixed Destination Call (Hotline) the subscriber can set up a call to a pre-defined destination by lifting the handset, without dialing any directory number. The subscriber can choose between two feature variants Type of Hotline Fixed Destination Call, immediate Fixed Destination Call, delayed

1. 2.

Operator benefits
improved service

Subscriber benefits
improved service more security

Anonymous Call Rejection Description

The feature Anonymous Call Rejection (ACR) allows a subscriber to automatically re-ject calls for which the calling subscriber suppresses the presentation of his or her call data (Calling Line Identification Restriction, CLIR). A call from an operator, who normally has the CLIR feature activated, is not rejected by the feature.

Operator benefits Better chances of marketing the display features (e.g. CLIP) and therefore higher revenue Subscriber benefits Calls from subscribers who want to remain anonymous are automatically rejected

Calling Line Identification Presentation on Call Waiting Description

The Calling Line Identification Presentation on Call Waiting (CLIPCW) feature expands the possibilities of the Call Waiting (CW) feature. The subscriber for whom a call is waiting receives a display of the call data of the waiting subscriber as additional information. requirements for the CLIPCW feature are the Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) feature as well as the activated Call Waiting (CW) feature and authorization for FSK transmission.

Operator benefits

enhanced acceptance for the Call Waiting (CW) feature

more successful calls and therefore higher total charges Subscriber benefits enhanced protection against undesired calls by improved calling subscriber identification improved service

Connected Line Identification Restriction

Description
The Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR) feature allows the called sub-scriber to prevent his or her call data being displayed to a calling party.

Operator benefits

improved service Subscriber benefits

no presentation of the call data to the calling subscriber

Calling Line Identification Presentation Description

The Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) feature provides the called sub-scriber with information on the party attempting to set up the connection to him or her before accepting the call. This is done by displaying the directory number of the calling subscriber to the called subscriber.

Operator benefits

improved service
Subscriber benefits

calling subscriber identification before accepting the call enhanced protection against undesired calls

Calling Line Identification Restriction Description

Using the feature Calling Line Identification Restriction (CLIR), calling subscribers can prevent their call data from being displayed to the called subscriber. Certain subscriber groups (e.g. police) can be given special authorization allowing them to ignore this restriction. Anonymous Operator benefits

complementary function to the feature

Calling Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) with additional marketing Subscriber benefits Subscriber benefits the calling subscriber remains anonymous

Three-Party Conference (TPC) Description

The Three-Party Conference (TPC) feature adds another subscriber to an existing connection. This additional connection can be integrated as a three-party call or a three-party conference.

Operator benefits
improved service

Subscriber benefits
three subscribers able to talk to each other

Multiple Subscriber Number (MSN) with Different Ringing Description

The Multiple Subscriber Number (MSN) with Different Ringing feature provides the possibility of assigning up to 4 directory numbers to an access. The network node han-dles each MSN as an independent subscriber number, each of which may have its own features. Incoming calls to each number can be signaled with different ringing sequences, so that the number dialed can be immediately recognized acoustically (e.g. office or private).

Operator benefits
improved service

Subscriber benefits
greater availability

Large Conference (LC) Description

The Large Conference (LC) feature enables a subscriber acting as the conference initiator to interconnect other subscribers in a conference group. All subscribers participating in a large conference can speak to each other at the same time. A large conference may comprise up to 32 subscribers.
Operator benefits

attractive feature generating additional traffic and therefore greater revenue from call charges
Subscriber benefits

the conference initiator can connect the conference participators as required all exchanges of information and ideas are experienced directly by the individual conference parties savings in time and money, e.g. by not having to travel to business meetings

Subscriber Barge-in (SBI) Description

The Subscriber Barge-in (SBI) feature allows a GeoCENTREX subscriber to break into an ongoing call with another GeoCENTREX subscriber in the same GeoCENTREX group without interrupting the call. To do this, the GeoCENTREX subscriber dials an access code, followed by the internal directory number of the subscriber he wishes to con-tact. A break-in tone (two warning tones at 425 Hz) is applied to the subscriber he wishes to connect before the three-way call is set up. To prevent break-in (listening in) by other subscribers, the Subscriber Barge-in Rejection (SBIR) feature can be assigned to the GeoCENTREX subscriber.

Operator benefits
increased billing revenue due to the higher number of successful calls

Subscriber benefits
the user is able to break into calls to other terminals or he can accept these calls the user is able to contact a subscriber who is already busy with a call important calls are not lost

Malicious Call Recording (MCR) Description

The Malicious Call Recording (MCR) feature can be used to determine malicious callers and record the corresponding call. Subscribers can activate the feature during an ongoing call or within a limited period af-ter the end of a call.

Operator benefits
Fast identification of malicious callers

Subscriber benefits
Better protection against malicious callers Calls can be saved as evidence

Remote Subscriber Controlled Input (RSCI)

Description
The feature Remote Subscriber Controlled Input (RSCI) enables a subscriber to administrate the features of his or her home telephone line from any telephone line in the network. Using any telephone capable of MFC, the subscriber can activate, deactivate, program or request the status of his or her features.

Operator benefits

improved control of subscriber features

Subscriber benefits
greater user-friendliness in operation of subscriber features more flexibility

Call Hold (CH)

Definition
The feature Call Hold (CH) allows a served subscriber to interrupt an active call and to establish another call. The feature Call Hold (CH) can be used by the calling or called subscriber. It is available for all services and terminals using B-channels. The user can also subsequently re-establish the communication with the held call.

Operator benefits

additional traffic

Subscriber benefits
toggling between calls more availability more flexibility

Call Pick Up (CPU) Definition

The feature Call Pick Up (CPU) allows a GeoCENTREX subscriber to answer calls that are intended for other lines in the local GeoCENTREX group but cannot be answered there (e.g. because the called party is absent).

Operator benefits
higher call completion rate and therefore increased revenue from call charges

Subscriber benefits
pickup of specific calls intended for other subscribers calls can easily be answered from a different telephone, e.g. if the called subscriber happens to be absent

Wasnt it!!!

Questions ??