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Information Security: Prof S A Jain

This document discusses information security. It defines computer, network, and internet security and outlines the security services, mechanisms, and attacks defined by the X.800 standard. These include authentication, access control, data confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation for security services. Specific security mechanisms and how to classify security attacks as either passive or active are also discussed. The document presents models for network security and network access security and what is required to implement these models.

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Rucha Dalvi
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137 views24 pages

Information Security: Prof S A Jain

This document discusses information security. It defines computer, network, and internet security and outlines the security services, mechanisms, and attacks defined by the X.800 standard. These include authentication, access control, data confidentiality, data integrity, and non-repudiation for security services. Specific security mechanisms and how to classify security attacks as either passive or active are also discussed. The document presents models for network security and network access security and what is required to implement these models.

Uploaded by

Rucha Dalvi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Information Security

Prof S A Jain

Introduction
The art of war teaches us to rely not on the likelihood of the enemy's not coming, but on our own readiness to receive him; not on the chance of his not attacking, but rather on the fact that we have made our position unassailable. The Art of War, Sun Tzu

Topic of Discussion
Need of information security-Legal Issues, -Ethical Issues -Professional Issues

Background
Information Security requirements have changed in recent times traditionally provided by physical and administrative mechanisms computer use requires automated tools to protect files and other stored information use of networks and communications links requires measures to protect data during transmission

Definitions
Computer Security - generic name for the collection of tools designed to protect data and to thwart hackers Network Security - measures to protect data during their transmission Internet Security - measures to protect data during their transmission over a collection of interconnected networks

Services, Mechanisms, Attacks


need systematic way to define requirements consider three aspects of information security:
security attack security mechanism security service

consider in reverse order

Security Service
is something that enhances the security of the data processing systems and the information transfers of an organization intended to counter security attacks make use of one or more security mechanisms to provide the service replicate functions normally associated with physical documents
eg. have signatures, dates; need protection from disclosure, tampering, or destruction; be notarized or witnessed; be recorded or licensed

Security Mechanism
a mechanism that is designed to detect, prevent, or recover from a security attack no single mechanism that will support all functions required however one particular element underlies many of the security mechanisms in use: cryptographic techniques hence our focus on this area

Security Attack
any action that compromises the security of information owned by an organization information security is about how to prevent attacks, or failing that, to detect attacks on information-based systems have a wide range of attacks can focus of generic types of attacks note: often threat & attack mean same

OSI Security Architecture


ITU-T X.800 Security Architecture for OSI defines a systematic way of defining and providing security requirements for us it provides a useful, if abstract, overview of concepts we will study

Security Services
X.800 defines it as: a service provided by a protocol layer of communicating open systems, which ensures adequate security of the systems or of data transfers RFC 2828 defines it as: a processing or communication service provided by a system to give a specific kind of protection to system resources X.800 defines it in 5 major categories

Security Services (X.800)


Authentication - assurance that the communicating entity is the one claimed Access Control - prevention of the unauthorized use of a resource Data Confidentiality protection of data from unauthorized disclosure Data Integrity - assurance that data received is as sent by an authorized entity Non-Repudiation - protection against denial by one of the parties in a communication

Authentication
Peer Entity Authentication Connection peer Data Origin Authentication Connectionless transfer

Access Control
The prevention of unauthorized use of a resource(i.e. this service controls who can have access to a resource,under what condition access can occur and what those accessing the resource are allowed to do)

Data Confidentiality
The protection of data from unauthorized disclosures. Four type of services: Connection Confidentiality Connectionless Confidentiality Selective-Field Confidentiality Traffic-flow Confidentially

Data Integrity
The assurance that data received are exactly as sent by an authorized entity. i.e. contain no modification, insertion, deletion or replay. Connection Integrity with Recovery Connection Integrity without Recovery Selective Field Connection Integrity Connectionless Integrity

NonRepudiation
Provides protection against denial by one of the entities involved in a communication of having participated in all or part of the communication Nonrepudiation, Origin Nonrepudiation, Destination

Security Mechanisms (X.800)


Specific security mechanisms:
Encipherment, digital signatures, access controls, data integrity, authentication exchange, traffic padding, routing control, notarization

Classify Security Attacks as


passive attacks - eavesdropping on, or monitoring of, transmissions to:
obtain message contents, or monitor traffic flows

active attacks modification of data stream to:


masquerade of one entity as some other replay previous messages modify messages in transit denial of service

Model for Network Security

Model for Network Security


using this model requires us to:
design a suitable algorithm for the security transformation generate the secret information (keys) used by the algorithm develop methods to distribute and share the secret information specify a protocol enabling the principals to use the transformation and secret information for a security service

Model for Network Access Security

Model for Network Access Security


using this model requires us to:
select appropriate gatekeeper functions to identify users implement security controls to ensure only authorised users access designated information or resources

trusted computer systems can be used to implement this model

Summary
have considered:
computer, network, internet security defs security services, mechanisms, attacks X.800 standard models for network (access) security

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