Computer Orientation and

Packages
•Introduction

Lecture by:
Prof: Shahzad Arain
[email protected]
http://www.pakdata.net
Books
• Using Information Technology
• Brain K. Williams
• Stacey C. Sawyer

• Introduction To Computers
• Peter Norton
Computer Literacy

Dell customer called to say he couldn't get

his
computer to fax anything. After 40 minutes of
trouble-shooting, the technician discovered
the man was trying to fax a piece of paper by
holding it in front of the monitor screen
and hitting the "send" button.
 Computer Literacy
• Computer literacy is the knowledge and ability to use
computers and technology efficiently.

• Computer literacy can also refer to the comfort level

someone has with using computer programs and other
applications that are associated with computers.

• Computer Literacy can also be said

“knowing what computer can do and what computer can not”

• Another valuable component of computer literacy is

knowing how computers work and operate. As of 2005,
having basic computer skills is a significant asset in the
developed countries.
Advantage

Prior to the development of the first computers in the

1950s, the word computer litrate referred to a

person who could count, calculate, compute.
The fear of some educators today is that computer
training
in schools will serve only to train data-entry clerks of the
next generation, low level workers of the so-called
knowledge industries.
• On the other hand, some hope that enhanced
computer
literacy will enable a new generation of cultural
producers to make meanings and circulate those in
the public sphere. The wildfire of cultural production
associated with sites such as Youtube seems to
support this notion.
Computer

Computer (to Compute) Compute ter (Latin)

Normally Considered to Calculating Machine
be calculating device

BUT More then 80% non numeric nature works

Hence A Computer can be defined as:

A machine that receives data as

input, process that data according to
a prescribe sequence of instructions
and
produce desire output
Characteristics of a Computer

• Speed
The fastest computer in 1993, the CM-5, could
perform 131 billion operations per second.
With a pocket calculator this number of operations
would take 41 000 years.
Source: http://library.thinkquest.org/21567/cfacts1.htm

Memory
Human forget unimportant information with time
A Computer can store and recall every piece of
information.
A computer forget or looses information only when
it
is asked.
Characteristics of a Computer

Diligence
A Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, lack of
concentration etc.

• Versatility
Adapting easily to different subjects or occupations; skilled in
many subjects

• Accuracy
Errors can occur in a computer, but these are mainly due to
human rather than technological weakness, that is, due to
imprecise
thinking by the programmer or due to incorrect data
Applications of Computers

Buildings. Architects use computer animated

graphics to experiment with possible exteriors and to
give clients a visual walk-through of their proposed
buildings. The computers provide architects a
numerous amount of facilities to create different
buildings with greater accuracy, better designing and
editing tools, and work done at the fastest speed
possible. Finally, a new kind of artist has emerged,
one who uses computers to express his or her
creativity.
Applications of Computers

Education. Most good schools in the world have

computers available for use in the classroom. It has
been proved that learning with computers has been
more successful and this is why numerous forms of
new teaching methods have been introduced. This
enhances the knowledge of the student at a a much
faster pace than the old traditional methods.
Likewise, colleges and various universities have
extended the use of computers as many educators
prefer the 'learning by doing' method - an approach
uniquely suited to the computer.
Applications of Computers

Retailing. Products from meats to magazines are

packed with zebra-striped bar codes that can be read
by the computer scanners at supermarket checkout
stands to determine prices and help manage
inventory. Thus, a detailed receipt of the groceries
can be made, which is useful for both the customer
and the retail store, especially for the stock control
system. This is referred as POS (Point of Sale)
transaction where a precise account of all the stocks
available is recorded and manipulated.
Applications of Computers

Energy. Energy companies use computers to locate

oil, coal, natural gas and uranium. With the use of
these technological machines, these companies can
figure out the site of a natural resource, its
concentration and other related figures. Electric
companies use computers to monitor vast power
networks. In addition, meter readers use hand held
computers to record how much energy is used each
month in homes and offices.
Applications of Computers

Law Enforcement. Recent innovation in

computerized law enforcement include national
fingerprint files, a national file on the mode of
operation of serial killers, and computer modeling of
DNA, which can be used to match traces from an
alleged criminal's body, such as blood at a crime
scene. In addition, computers also contain a
complete databases of all the names, pictures and
information of such people who choose to break the
law.
Applications of Computers

Transportation.
Transportation Computers are used in cars
to monitor fluid levels, temperatures and
electrical systems. Computers are also used
to help run rapid transit systems, load
containerships and track railroads cars across
the country. An important part is the air
control traffic systems, where computers are
used to control the flow of traffic between
airplanes which needs a lot of precision and
accuracy to be dealt with.
Applications of Computers

Money. Computers speed up record keeping and

allow banks to offer same-day services and even do-
it yourself banking over the phone and internet.
Computers have helped fuel the cashless economy,
enabling the widespread use of credit cards, debit
cards and instantaneous credit checks by banks and
retailers. There is also a level of greater security
when computers are involved in money transactions
as there is a better chance of detecting forged
cheques and using credit/debit cards illegally etc.
Applications of Computers

Government. Among other tasks, the federal government

uses computers to forecast the weather, to manage parks and
historical sites, to process immigrants, to produce social
security checks and to collect taxes. The most important use of
the computer system in in this field is perhaps the Army, the Air
Force and the Navy. The computers have to be very powerful
and in order to be run they have to be very accurate and
precise. E.g. in the use of missiles and other likes, every
nanosecond counts, which may save trillions of lives on this
planet. The government also uses computers in various
simulations like the spread of influenza in a particular locality.
Applications of Computers

The Home.
Home People having a computer in the
home justifies the fact that it is not only
useful and efficient, but it is also revered as a
learning system. Personal computers are
being used for innumerous tasks nowadays,
for example, to keep records, write letters
and memos, prepare budgets, produce
presentations, draw pictures, publish
newsletters and most importantly - connect
with other in the rest of plant earth.
Applications of Computers

Health and Medicine. Computers are helping

immensely to monitor thee extremely ill in the intensive care
unit and provide cross-sectional views of the body. This
eliminates the need for hired nurses to watch the patient
twenty-four hours a day, which is greatly tiring and error prone.
Doctors use computers to assist them in diagnosing certain
diseases of the sort. This type of computer is called the Expert
System, which is basically a collection of accumulated expertise
in a specific area of field. Computers are now able to map, in
exquisite detail, the structure of the human cold virus - the first
step towards the common cold. Furthermore, computers are
used greatly in managing patients, doctors, wards and medicine
records, as well as deal with making appointments, scheduling
surgeries and other likes.
Applications of Computers

Manufacturing Industries. Computers have made

their way towards jobs that were unpleasant or too dangerous
for humans to do, such as working hundreds of feet below the
earth or opening a package that might contain an explosive
device. In other industries, computers are used to control the
production of resources very precisely. All robots and
machinery are now controlled by various computers, making
the production process faster and cheaper. All the stages of
manufacturing, from designing to production, can be done with
the use of computer technology with greater diversity.
Applications of Computers

The Human connection. The computers have

evolved in such prosperity that it is now able to
assist or aid with humans who are disabled - both
physically and mentally. The handicapped are now
able to express their missing sense with the aid of
computer technology. For example, a deaf and dumb
person is able to communicate extensively with other
people by using a specially designed computer
system. This gives the disabled a chance to live out
life and gradually catch up with the other fortunate
people living on earth.
Applications of Computers

Scientific Research. This is very important for

mankind and with the development of computers;
scientific research has propelled towards the better a
great deal. Because of high-speed characteristics of
computer systems, systems, researchers can
simulate environments, emulate physical
characteristics and allow scientists to proof of their
theories in a cost-effective manner. Also many test
lab animals are spared since computers have taken
over their roles in extensive research.
Applications of Computers

Communication with the World. The computes

are most popular for their uses to connect with others on the
World Wide Web. Therefore, communication between two or
more parties is possible which is relatively cheap considering
the old fashioned methods. Emailing, teleconferencing and the
use of voice messages are very fast, effective and surprisingly
cheaper as well. When connected to the Internet, people can
gain various amounts of knowledge, and know about world
events as they occur. Purchasing on the Internet is also
becoming very popular, and has numerous advantages over the
traditional shopping methods.
Applications of Computers

Paperwork. Computer systems will increasingly cut down

the paperwork that is involved in millions of industries around
the world. If a business is run on a manual system, then the
amount of papers or registers involved is a great deal, making
the administration process more tedious and error prone. If it is
replaced by a computer system, then all the necessary data
and information is transferred into the memory of the
computer. This makes managing various tasks easier, faster
and more effective than the manual system. Organizations that
involve administrative tasks such as a hotel, school, hospitals,
clubs, libraries etc. will become more efficient if a computer
system is implemented.
Applications of Computers

Real Time systems. Many computers provide an

environment, which is completely based on real time.
This means processing of one entity is done so
quickly and effectively, that another entity is not
effected. For example Airline systems and Banking
systems will come under this category. These
systems are immensely huge because they interact
with all other airlines or baking systems in the world.
A computer system, therefore, becomes more than
just necessary in daily uses.
Applications of Computers

There are so many applications of computers,

that it is impractical to mention all of them.
This is the Computer Age and these machines
are beginning to affect out lives in many
ways. Computers are now becoming faster,
more reliable, effective and whole lot cheaper
than they had been ever before.
Applications of Computers

Computers are all around us and avoiding

them is virtually impossible. We have been
exposed in the world of computer hype,
computer advertisements and computer
headlines. We interact with computers in our
daily lives - whether we are at the cinemas,
the school, or the public library. The
beginnings of computer literacy are already
apparent.
Conclusion
The computer is said to have literally
revolutionized the way one person does his job
or a whole multinational organization operates
their businesses. Together with this reason
and many more, computers are considered
more than just an essential piece of fancy
equipment. Whether or not people know
anything about it, they invoke computers in
every day lives when they make a bank
withdrawal, buy groceries at the supermarket
and even when they drive a car. Today,
millions of people are purchasing fully
functional personal computers for individual
reasons. In their homes, people use various
forms of computer technology for writing
memos, for keeping track of bank accounts, for
communication with friends and associates, for
Future Vision
• Microsoft chairman reflects on
what
course technology will take
In the coming years, the conference table will

be a computer, the whiteboard will be a

computer, says Microsoft Chairman Bill
Gates.
Downloads

http://www.laarcollege.tk
Assignment
Write a note on

What if your organization

computerized?
Thank you very much