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    Internet 101

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    Justin.Wilson
    This document provides an overview of the Internet and DNS. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks designed for redundancy. Data is broken into packets and sent between networks and routers using protocols like TCP and IP. DNS allows users to use domain names like www.example.com instead of hard to remember IP addresses and works by querying name servers in a hierarchical system to translate names to IPs.

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    Internet 101

    Uploaded by

    Justin.Wilson
    218 views21 pages
    This document provides an overview of the Internet and DNS. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks designed for redundancy. Data is broken into packets and sent between networks and routers using protocols like TCP and IP. DNS allows users to use domain names like www.example.com instead of hard to remember IP addresses and works by querying name servers in a hierarchical system to translate names to IPs.

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    This document provides an overview of the Internet and DNS. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks designed for redundancy. Data is broken into packets and sent between networks and routers using protocols like TCP and IP. DNS allows users to use domain names like www.example.com instead of hard to remember IP addresses and works by querying name servers in a hierarchical system to translate names to IPs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    218 views21 pages

    Internet 101

    Uploaded by

    Justin.Wilson
    This document provides an overview of the Internet and DNS. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks designed for redundancy. Data is broken into packets and sent between networks and routers using protocols like TCP and IP. DNS allows users to use domain names like www.example.com instead of hard to remember IP addresses and works by querying name servers in a hierarchical system to translate names to IPs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt
    of 21

    Internet & DNS 101

    Part 1

    March 31, 2008


    Topics Being Covered
    • Background of the Internet

    • Overview of how data gets from point "A" to point "B”

    • What DNS, domain names, and IP Addresses are


    and why they matter
    What is the Internet?

    “The Internet is the world's largest library. It's just that


    all the books are on the floor.”
    -John Allen Paulos
    What is the Internet

    • Network of Networks designed for redundancy

    • Design is hierarchical

    • Common Uses:
    – Email
    – WWW
    – File Sharing
    – VoIP
    Brief History of the Internet

    “I took the initiative in creating the Internet.”


    -Sen. Al Gore (D-TN)
    Brief History of the Internet
    • Result of the military research project ARPANET

    • First four nodes of ARPANET went online in 1970

    • “Modern” Internet was launched January 1, 1983

    • Commercial uses allowed in 1988

    • WWW launched in 1989, became popular in 1994


    Key Terms
    • TCP/IP • Host
    • Backbone • FQDN
    • Client • TLD
    • Server
    • DNS
    • Router
    • Port
    • ISP
    • Packet
    • Protocol
    How Data Gets From Point “A” to Point “B”

    “It’s a series of Tubes”


    -Sen. Ted Stevens (R-AK)
    Moving Data
    • The Internet is a Hierarchy of Networks

    • Networks are connected to an ISP

    • ISPs are connected to Backbones


    Hierarchy Example
    Moving Data
    • Networks on the Internet are connected by routers

    • Data is broken down into packets

    • Protocols govern how the Internet operates


    Moving Data
    • Transmission Control Protocol – TCP
    – Creates actual connection between hosts
    – Breaks data down into packets
    – Reassembles received packets into usable data
    – Ensures data reliability
    Moving Data
    • Internet Protocol – IP
    – Forward Packets between computers
    – Knows nothing about packet contents
    – Every computer is identified by a unique IP Address

    • IP Addresses – IPv4
    – Consist of 4 sets of numbers
    – Written as xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
    – Composed of the Network number and the computer
    number
    – Managed and assigned by ICANN
    Moving Data
    • Port
    – Secondary address
    – Usually 1-5 Digits
    – Server applications usually have “well-known” port number
    – Identifies sending and receiving process
    Domain Name System - DNS

    “The Internet is a telephone system that's gotten


    uppity.”
    -Clifford Stoll
    Domain Name System - DNS
    • Symbolic Name
    • Created to eliminate the need to remember complex
    IP Addresses
    • Hierarchical, distributed database
    • Servers that run DNS are called “Name Servers”
    • Domain Name Example: offmadisonave.com
    Domain Name System - DNS
    • A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) uniquely
    identifies the hosts position within the DNS
    hierarchical tree by specifying a list of names
    separated by dots in the path from the referenced
    host to the root.
    Domain Name System - DNS

    DNS Domain
    Hierarchy
    Domain Name System - DNS
    Some DNS Top Level Domains
    Domain Name System - DNS
    Example of a DNS Lookup 1. Client asks ISP’s name server for
    marketing.ibm.com
    2. Client’s ISP asks ICANN for the root
    name server for “.com”
    3. ISP’s name server gets answer
    4. ISP asks root name server for the IP of
    the name server that controls ibm.com
    5. ISP’s name server gets answer
    6. ISP asks ibm.com’s name server for the
    IP of marketing.ibm.com
    7. ISP’s name server gets answer
    8. ISP asks the received IP if it is
    marketing.ibm.com
    9. ISP’s name server gets answer
    10. ISP’s name server gives client IP of
    marketing.ibm.com
    11. Client requests web page hosted at the
    received IP
    Links
    • DNS Lookup Utility
    – http://tools.devshed.com/webmaster-tools/dns-utility/
    • Domain Owner Lookup (Whois)
    – http://whois.net

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