Bluetooth: Davinder Singh Me (Ece) 604
Bluetooth: Davinder Singh Me (Ece) 604
Bluetooth: Davinder Singh Me (Ece) 604
Bluetooth
Introduction
Bluetooth is a new standard developed by a group of
electronics manufacturers that will allow any sort of electronic equipment -- from computers and cell phones to keyboards and headphones -- to make its own connections, without wires, cables via a secure , low cost , globally available short range radio frequency.
The name is attributed to Harald Bluetooth ,king of
protocol defined by the IEEE 802.15 standard ; that defines a wireless personal area-network (PAN).
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Features
Universal short range radio communication standard
each Range 10+ meters Performs fast frequency hopping between 79 points to avoid interference i.e. 1600 times/sec. Low power,32-100 mA during sustained data transmissions between devices. Transfers data at 721 Kbps ,which is 3-8 times the average speed of parallel and serial ports resp. Bandwidth is wide enough to carry voice and data signals. 300-400 Kbps real data rate.
Bluetooth Topology
Bluetooth defines two types of networks Piconet Scatternet
Technical Overview
Data
Audio
Baseband RF
Radio Layer
The Radio layer is the lowest defined layer of
the Bluetooth specification ;roughly equivalent to the physical layer of internet model. It defines the requirements of the Bluetooth transceiver device operating in the 2.4 GHz Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) band divided into 79 channels of 1 MHz each. To avoid interference from other networks or devices FHSS method is used ,hopping at 1600 times/sec with dwell time 625us. The designated range is from 2.402GHz to 2.480GHz, in steps of 1MHz. To transform bits to a signal, sophisticated version of FSK , called GFSK is used.
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Baseband
Applications
SDP
IP RFCOMM
Data
Audio
Baseband RF
Baseband Layer
Equivalent to MAC sub layer in LANs that governs
the operation of access method. Access method in Bluetooth is TDD-TDMA.; a kind of half duplex communication with each direction using different hops. It frames data received from upper layer and passes them to the physical layer. This layer defines the timing, framing, packets and flow control on the link.
Piconet channel
f0 f1 f2
f3
f4
f5
s1 s2
625 us 1600 hops/sec
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Packet Format
72 bits 54 bits
0 - 2745 bits
Access code
Header
Payload
Synchronization identification
Address(3) Packet Type (4) Flow control (1) ARQ (1) SEQN (1) HEC (8)
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Data
Audio L2CAP Link Manager
LMP
Baseband RF
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Piconet Management
Attach and detach slaves Master-slave switch Establishing SCO and ACL links
Link Configuration
packet type negotiation power control
Security functions
Authentication Encryption
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L2CAP provides
Protocol multiplexing Segmentation and Re-assembly Quality of service negotiation Group management
Data
Audio L2CAP Link Manager
Baseband RF
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L2CAP
L2CAP layer serves upper layer by transmitting data over channels . It is used
for data exchange on an ACL links. A channel is setup in the following procedure: 1. Connection A L2CAP entity requests connection to a remote device. The request has been passed from upper layers of the first L2CAP entity. When a response is received, the local device enters Config state. 2. Configuration Configuration process involves a negotiation between two end points of the channel over maximum transmission unit (MTU), a flush time out and quality of service (QoS) agreement. Once all these issues have been successfully negotiated, the two end points enters Open state, in which data transfer may begin. 3. Disconnection When a L2CAP layer receives a disconnect request from upper layer, it passes it to the remote device. When response received, the channel enters Closed state.
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Data
Audio
Baseband RF
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Data
Audio
Baseband RF
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service
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Applications
SDP IP RFCOMM
GOALS Data
Audio L2CAP
Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop
Link Manager
Baseband RF
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between cell phone and telephone Wireless LAN: Communication between desktops, laptops and cell phones. Wireless headset: Wireless headphone for cell phones, workman and computers. Internet bridge :Network access point, for mobile internet browsing Human interface device: Wireless mouse, keyboard, game control or other input device. Interactive Conference : Exchange Business cards & data in meetings, gaming. Automatic Synchronizer : Background syncs between PC& PDA ,phone ,PC File transfer: file transfer between desktops, laptops, digital camera and digital videos.
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THANKS !
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