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A Group of Things That Have Same Characteristics / Traits.: Function

The document defines sets, set notation, and relations between sets. It discusses how relations can be represented by arrow diagrams, ordered pairs, or Cartesian graphs. Relations have a domain, codomain, objects, images, and range. There are four types of relations: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Examples of each type are provided to illustrate these concepts.

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Lan Teng
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36 views19 pages

A Group of Things That Have Same Characteristics / Traits.: Function

The document defines sets, set notation, and relations between sets. It discusses how relations can be represented by arrow diagrams, ordered pairs, or Cartesian graphs. Relations have a domain, codomain, objects, images, and range. There are four types of relations: one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. Examples of each type are provided to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Lan Teng
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1: FUNCTION

SET : a group of things that have same characteristics / traits.


History : Text pg 2 Mathematician : Georg Cantor Introduced set in 1874

SET NOTATION is { } Set can represented by using capital letters, such as A, B, C , D,.

Example:
Set A of all positive odd numbers less than 30. Elements

Written as A = {1, 3, 5, 7, ..29} A = { x : x is odd and 1 30}

separated by comma

x<

RELATIONS
A relation between two sets is the pairing ( mapping) of elements in set A with the elements in set B.
OR

A relation connects elements in set A (domain) to elements in set B (codomain) according to the definition of the relation.

Relations
Relation between two sets can be represented by (a) Arrow diagram (b) Ordered pairs (c) Cartesian graph

Example 1: The relation is a factor of between set A = { 3, 4} and set B = {4, 6, 8} can be represented asbelow:
(a)Arrow diagram A is a factor of B

3 4

4 6 8

(b)Ordered pairs {(3, 6), (4, 4), (4, 8)} (c) Cartesian graph
set B 8 6 4 Set A

Exercise : Practice 2( pg Q

Practice 3 (pg 5) Q 1b, 2

Domain, Codomain, Image, Object and Range


In the relation between one set and another, Domain - the first set Codomain - the second set

Image, Object and Range


Objects - Elements in the domain Image - elements in the codomain mapped to the objects (Elements in the codomain not mapped to the objects are not the image) Range : set that contains all images

A B

is a factor of

3 4
Domain
Objects : 3, 4

4 6 8 10

Range

Codomain
Images :4, 6, 8

A B

is a factor of

3 4

4 6 8 10

The diagram above shows the relation between set A and set B. Find the domain, codomain and range of the relation.

Answer
domain = {3, 4} codomain ={4, 6, 8, 10} range = {4, 6, 8}

4 TypeS of Relations
Each object in the domain has ONLY one image in the range. Exist an image in the range has MORE than one object in the domain.

4 TypeS of Relations
Exist an object in the domain has MORE than one image in the range. Exist an object in the domain has MORE than one image in the range AND Exist an image in the range has MORE than one object in the

Examples

SPM FORMAT

between set P and set Q in the graph form. State (a) the relation in the form of order pairs. (b) the type of the relation (c) the range of the relation.

(a){(1,2), (2,4), (3,3), (4,5), (5,6)} (b) one-to-one relation (c) {2,3,4,5,6}

Answer
Example (a) Many-to-many relation (b) One-to-many relation (c) One-to-one relation SPM format (a) domain ={1,2,4,5,7} (b)Range = {2, 3, 6,8} (c)The image of 2 = 3 (d)The objects of 6 = 4, 5 (e)Many-to-one relation

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