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Brain Computer Interface

A brain-computer interface (BCI) allows direct communication between the brain and an external device. Hans Berger discovered brain's electrical activity in 1924 and BCI research began at UCLA in the 1970s. A BCI detects brain signals through electrodes and uses signal processing to control an external device such as a wheelchair. There are invasive BCIs using implants, non-invasive BCIs using EEG, and partially-invasive BCIs with skull implants. Potential applications include helping disabled patients and military uses, though BCIs can cause headaches and lack portability.

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simar_randhawa16
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110 views

Brain Computer Interface

A brain-computer interface (BCI) allows direct communication between the brain and an external device. Hans Berger discovered brain's electrical activity in 1924 and BCI research began at UCLA in the 1970s. A BCI detects brain signals through electrodes and uses signal processing to control an external device such as a wheelchair. There are invasive BCIs using implants, non-invasive BCIs using EEG, and partially-invasive BCIs with skull implants. Potential applications include helping disabled patients and military uses, though BCIs can cause headaches and lack portability.

Uploaded by

simar_randhawa16
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Submitted By: SIMARJOT KAUR Roll No: 100905091

Brain -Computer Interface

-Direct Neural Interface or Brain-Machine

Interface
Direct communication pathway between the brain and

an external device.

BCI HISTORY
1924-Hans Berger discovers electrical activity of
brain and records it by means of EEG.

1970s- Research on BCIs began at the University


of California Los Angeles.

MAIN PRINCIPLE
Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity of nerves and muscles.
Brain is composed of millions of neurons. When the neuron fires, or activates, there is a voltage change across the cell which generates signals on the surface of the brain.

COMPONENTS OF BCI
IMPLANT DEVICE
SIGNAL PROCESSING

SECTION

Multichannel Acquisition Systems Spike Detection Signal Analysis

EXTERNAL DEVICE FEEDBACK DEVICE

IMPLANT DEVICE
The EEG is recorded with electrodes, which are placed on the scalp. Electrodes are small plates, which conduct electricity. They provide the electrical contact between the skin and the EEG recording apparatus.

SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION


Multichannel Acquisition Systems

Amplification, initial filtering of EEG signal and possible artifact removal takes place. Spike Detection Transmit only the action potential waveforms and their respective arrival times instead of the sparse, raw signal in its entirety. Signal Analysis Certain features are extracted from the preprocessed and digitized EEG signal which are input to the classifier.

EXTERNAL DEVICE
The classifiers output is the input for the device control. The device control simply transforms the classification to a particular action. Examples are robotic arm, thought controlled wheel chair etc .

FEEDBACK DEVICE
Feedback is needed for learning and for control. Realtime feedback can dramatically improve the performance of a brainmachine interface.

TYPES
Invasive BCIs Non-Invasive BCIs

Partially-Invasive BCIs

INVASIVE BCIs
Implanted: grey matter Signals: highest quality

Scar-tissue build-up

NON-INVASIVE BCIs
poor signal resolution
power muscle implants and restore partial movement Interfaces EEG MEG MRI

PARTIALLY INVASIVE BCIs


Implanted: skull
lower risk of forming scar-tissue in the brain Signal quality between invasive BCIs & non-invasive

BCIs

APPLICATIONS OF BCI
The immediate application of our technology goes
toward improving the lives of severely disabled patients. This technology presents itself as useful in any situation where one might desire to communicate without any vocal or physical manifestation. Military Use (fighter pilots)

DISADVANTAGES
We may have headache and may feel exhausted and

lazy. The equipment is less than portable. There are chemical processes also involved in the brain which EEGs can't pick up on. The signal is prone to interference.

THANK YOU !

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