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    Pile Foundation

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    Q Caiiank Dia
    This document discusses different types of pile foundations, including steel, concrete, timber, and composite piles. It describes characteristics of each type such as common lengths, load capacities, advantages, and disadvantages. Methods of estimating necessary pile lengths are also covered, depending on whether the pile is primarily point bearing, friction, or for soil compaction. The document concludes by describing common equipment and methods used to install piles, such as different types of hammers, and whether piles are displacement or nondisplacement.

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    Pile Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Q Caiiank Dia
    386 views19 pages
    This document discusses different types of pile foundations, including steel, concrete, timber, and composite piles. It describes characteristics of each type such as common lengths, load capacities, advantages, and disadvantages. Methods of estimating necessary pile lengths are also covered, depending on whether the pile is primarily point bearing, friction, or for soil compaction. The document concludes by describing common equipment and methods used to install piles, such as different types of hammers, and whether piles are displacement or nondisplacement.

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    This document discusses different types of pile foundations, including steel, concrete, timber, and composite piles. It describes characteristics of each type such as common lengths, load capacities, advantages, and disadvantages. Methods of estimating necessary pile lengths are also covered, depending on whether the pile is primarily point bearing, friction, or for soil compaction. The document concludes by describing common equipment and methods used to install piles, such as different types of hammers, and whether piles are displacement or nondisplacement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    386 views19 pages

    Pile Foundation

    Uploaded by

    Q Caiiank Dia
    This document discusses different types of pile foundations, including steel, concrete, timber, and composite piles. It describes characteristics of each type such as common lengths, load capacities, advantages, and disadvantages. Methods of estimating necessary pile lengths are also covered, depending on whether the pile is primarily point bearing, friction, or for soil compaction. The document concludes by describing common equipment and methods used to install piles, such as different types of hammers, and whether piles are displacement or nondisplacement.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    The document discusses different types of foundation piles, including steel, concrete, timber, and composite piles.

    The main types of piles are steel, concrete, timber, and composite piles.

    Steel piles have advantages of being easy to handle and having high load capacity but are costly, noisy during installation, and prone to corrosion.

    Rekayasa Fundasi II (Foundation Engineering II)

    By Irwan Lie

    Class C

    Pile Foundation

    Introduction

    Types of Piles
    Piles can be divided into the following categories: (a) steel piles, (b) concrete piles, (c) wooden (timber) piles, and (d) composite piles.

    Steel of Piles
    - Generally pipe piles or H section piles Usual length: 15 m60 m (50 ft200 ft) Usual load: 300 kN1200 kN (67 kip265 kip) Steel piles: (a)splicing of Hpile by welding; (b)(b)splicing of pipe pile by welding; (c)(c) splicing of Hpile by rivets and bolts; (d)(d) flat driving point of pipe pile: (e)(e) conical driving point of pipe pile

    Steel Piles
    Advantages:
    a. Easy to handle with respect to cut off and extension to the desired length b. Can stand high driving stresses c. Can penetrate hard layers such as dense gravel and soft rock d. High loadcarrying capacity

    Disadvantages:
    a. b. c. d. Relatively costly High level of noise during pile driving Subject to corrosion Hpiles may be damaged or deflected from the vertical during driving through hard layers or past major obstructions

    Concrete Piles
    Concrete piles may be divided into two basic categories: (a) precast piles and (b) cast in situ piles. Precast prestressed piles are as follows: Usual length: 10 m45 m (30 ft150 ft) Maximum length: 60 m (200 ft) Maximum load: 7500 kN8500 kN (1700 kip1900 kip)

    Concrete Piles

    Advantages: a. Can be subjected to hard driving b. Corrosion resistant c. Can be easily combined with a concrete superstructure Disadvantages: a. Difficult to achieve proper cutoff b. Difficult to transport

    Concrete Piles
    Cast in situ, or castinplace, may be divided into two broad categories: (a) cased and (b) uncased.. General facts about cased castinplace piles are as follows: Usual length: 5 m15 m (15 ft50 ft) Maximum length: 30 m40 m (100 ft130 ft) Usual load: 200 kN500 kN (45 kip115 kip) Approximate maximum load: 800 kN (180 kip) Advantages: a. Relatively cheap b. Allow for inspection before pouring concrete c. Easy to extend
    Disadvantages: a. Difficult to splice after concreting b. Thin casings may be damaged during driving

    Concrete Piles
    General facts about uncased castinplace concrete piles Usual length: 5 m15 m (15 ft50 ft) Maximum length: 30 m40 m (100 ft130 ft) Usual load: 300 kN500 kN (67 kip115 kip) Approximate maximum load: 700 kN (160 kip) Advantages: a. Initially economical b. Can be finished at any elevation Disadvantages: a. Voids may be created if concrete is placed rapidly b. Difficult to splice after concreting c. In soft soils, the sides of the hole may cave in, squeezing the concrete

    Concrete Piles

    Timber Piles
    The American Society of Civil Engineers' Manual of Practice, No. 17 (1995), divided timber piles into three classes: 1. Class A piles carry heavy loads. The minimum diameter of the butt should 356 mm (14 in.). 2. Class B piles are used to carry medium loads. The minimum butt diameters should be 305330 mm (1213 in.). 3. Class C piles are used in temporary construction work. They can be use permanently for structures when the entire pile is below the water table. The minimum butt diameter should be 305 mm (12 in.). The usual length of wooden piles is 5 m to 15 m (15 ft to 50 ft). The maximum length is about 30 m to 40 m (100 ft to 130 ft). The usual load carried by wooden piles is 300 kN to 500 kN (67 kip to 115 kip).

    Timber Piles

    Splicing of timber piles: (a) use of pipe sleeves; (b) use of metal straps and bolts

    Composite Piles
    The upper and lower portions of composite piles are made of different materials. For example, composite piles may be made of steel and concrete or timber and concrete steel and concrete piles consist of a lower portion of steel and an upper portion of cast In place concrete.

    Estimating Pile Length


    Selecting the type of pile to be used and estimating its necessary length are fairly difficult tasks that require good judgment. Piles can be divided into three major categories, depending on their lengths and the mechanisms of load transfer to the soil: (a) point bearing piles, (b) friction piles, and (c) compaction piles.

    Estimating Pile Length


    Point Bearing Piles

    The ultimate capacity of the piles depends entirely on the load bearing capacity of the underlying material; thus, the piles are called point bearing piles
    Friction Piles

    The resistance piles is derived from skin friction, piles are called friction piles The ultimate pile load may be expressed as Qu = QP + Qs where Qp = load carried at the pile point Qs = load carried by skin friction developed at the side of the pile (caused by shearing resistance between the soil and the pile) If Qs is very small, Qu ~ QP called point bearing piles If Qp is very small, Qu ~ Qs called friction piles

    Estimating Pile Length


    Compaction Piles Under certain circumstances, piles are driven in granular soils to achieve proper compaction of soil close to the ground surface. These piles are called compaction piles. The lengths of compaction piles depend on factors such as a) the relative den-sity of the soil before compaction, b) the desired relative density of the soil after compaction, and c) the required depth of compaction.

    Installation of Piles
    Most piles are driven into the ground by means of hammers or vibratory drivers. In special circumstances, piles can also be inserted by jetting or partial augering. The types of hammer used for pile driving include (a) the drop hammer, (b) the singleacting air or steam hammer, (c) the doubleacting and differential air or steam hammer, and (d) the diesel hammer. Piles may be divided into two categories based on the nature of their placement: displacement piles and nondisplacement piles. Driven piles are displacement piles, because they move some soil laterally; hence, there is a tendency for densification of soil surrounding them. Concrete piles and closedended pipe piles are highdisplacement piles. However, steel Hpiles displace less soil laterally during driving, so they are lowdisplacement piles. In contrast, bored piles are nondisplacement piles because their placement causes very little change in the state of stress in the soil.

    Installation of Piles

    Pile driving equipment: (a) drop hammer; (b) singleacting air or steam hammer. (c) doubleacting and differential air or steam hammer; (d) diesel hammer; (e) vibratory pile driver; (f) photograph of a vibratory pile driver

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