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Knowledge Representation Report

The document provides an outline and overview of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. It discusses how knowledge representation aims to store knowledge so programs can process it similarly to human intelligence. Various representational schemes are surveyed, including logical, procedural, network, and structured representations. Issues in knowledge representation are also examined, such as generality vs specificity, definitions and exceptions, representation schemes, and implementation media.

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Edison Martinez Esberto
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248 views6 pages

Knowledge Representation Report

The document provides an outline and overview of knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. It discusses how knowledge representation aims to store knowledge so programs can process it similarly to human intelligence. Various representational schemes are surveyed, including logical, procedural, network, and structured representations. Issues in knowledge representation are also examined, such as generality vs specificity, definitions and exceptions, representation schemes, and implementation media.

Uploaded by

Edison Martinez Esberto
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATI ON

Artificial Intelligence
Prepared by: Edison Esberto, MIT

Topic Outline

Introduction Knowledge Representation Language Issues in Knowledge Representation A Survey of Network Representation Conceptual Graphs: A Network Representation Language Structured Representation Type Hierarchies, Inheritance and Exception Handling Further Problems in Knowledge Representation

Knowledge Representation

Knowledge representation is an issue that arises in both Cognitive Science and AI.

In cognitive science it is concerned with how people store and process information. In AI, the primary aim is to store knowledge so that programs can process it and achieve the verisimilitude of human intelligence. AI researchers have borrowed representation theories from cognitive science.

Knowledge Representation Language


A Knowledge Representation Language must unambiguously represent any interpretation of a sentence (logical adequacy), have a method for translating from natural language to that representation, and must be usable for reasoning. -According to William Woods In order to achieve the above mentioned definition, numerous representational schemes have been proposed and implemented.

Representational Schemes

Logical representation schemes this class of representations uses expressions in formal logic to represent a knowledge base and the ideal programming language to implement this is PROLOG. Procedural representation schemes it represent knowledge as a set of instructions for solving a problem Network representation schemes captures knowledge as a graph in which the nodes represent objects or concept in the problem domain and the arcs represent relations or associations between them Structured representation scheme it extend networks by allowing each node to be a complex data structures consisting of named slots with attached value.

Issues in Knowledge Representation


The fundamental goal of Knowledge Representation is to facilitate inferencing (conclusions) from knowledge. The issues that arise while using KR techniques are many:

Representation Issues

Generality and specificity Definitions, exception, default Causality, uncertainty Times Scheme and medium Scheme data/knowledge structure Semantic network Conceptual dependencies Scripts Frames Stochastic methods Connectionist (neural networks) Medium implementation languages Prolog, Lisp, Scheme, even C and Java

Representation Schemes

Implementation media

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