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    Urban Transition in Bangladesh Issues and Challenges: Urban Knowledge Platform Country Team

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    Urbanization is a priority concern in Bangladesh due to economic, demographic, environmental, and social factors. The urban population is projected to reach 90 million by 2030, concentrated in Dhaka and other major cities. Unplanned urban growth poses major challenges including worsening poverty, lack of basic services, and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues requires a holistic strategy including improved governance, investments in sectors like housing and transport, capacity building, and fostering sustainable urban development.

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    Urban Transition in Bangladesh Issues and Challenges: Urban Knowledge Platform Country Team

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    UrbanKnowledge
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    Urbanization is a priority concern in Bangladesh due to economic, demographic, environmental, and social factors. The urban population is projected to reach 90 million by 2030, concentrated in Dhaka and other major cities. Unplanned urban growth poses major challenges including worsening poverty, lack of basic services, and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues requires a holistic strategy including improved governance, investments in sectors like housing and transport, capacity building, and fostering sustainable urban development.

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    UKP South Asia workshop

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    Country Overview_Bangladesh

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    Urbanization is a priority concern in Bangladesh due to economic, demographic, environmental, and social factors. The urban population is projected to reach 90 million by 2030, concentrated in Dhaka and other major cities. Unplanned urban growth poses major challenges including worsening poverty, lack of basic services, and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues requires a holistic strategy including improved governance, investments in sectors like housing and transport, capacity building, and fostering sustainable urban development.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    346 views16 pages

    Urban Transition in Bangladesh Issues and Challenges: Urban Knowledge Platform Country Team

    Uploaded by

    UrbanKnowledge
    Urbanization is a priority concern in Bangladesh due to economic, demographic, environmental, and social factors. The urban population is projected to reach 90 million by 2030, concentrated in Dhaka and other major cities. Unplanned urban growth poses major challenges including worsening poverty, lack of basic services, and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues requires a holistic strategy including improved governance, investments in sectors like housing and transport, capacity building, and fostering sustainable urban development.

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    of 16

    Urban Transition in Bangladesh Issues and Challenges

    Country Presentation : Urban Knowledge Platform

    Colombo, March 20, 2012 Country Team


    Hossain Zillur Rahman, Professor Nazrul Islam, K.M. Nurul Huda, Iftekhar Ahmed, Zahed H. Khan

    Why is Urbanization a Priority Concern?

    An economic urgency
    Key growth driver: Urban share of GDP 60% Middle Income achievement unlikely without growth contribution of urbanization Nearing tipping point when costs may outweigh benefits

    A demographic urgency
    Likely urban population by 2030: 90 million

    An environmental urgency
    Unplanned urbanization as big an environmental threat as climate change

    A social urgency
    -

    Social indicators worse than economic indicators: water, housing, sanitation, literacy. Only 2% increase in literacy rate between 2005 and 2010 compared to drop in extreme poverty from 14% to 7%

    Extremely poor liveability: Dhaka near bottom on global ranking

    Urban Transition: An Overview

    Sources: Population Census-2001, National Series, Volume-3, Urban Area Report (BBS, 2008) & Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh 2009 (BBS, 2010)

    Projected urbanization level in 2030

    39.3%

    From rural-urban divide to rural-urban continuum

    Uneven Urban Concentration

    Dhaka 3 Metropolitan cities

    37 % 19 % 56 % 31 % 13 % 100 %

    Municipalities Other urban centers

    Urban Bangladesh: A Connected Reality


    Daily bus destinations from Dhaka
    Source: PPRC, 2012, Urban Bangladesh: Challenges Of Transition

    Cities of Migrants
    Location
    % of HH urban residents by birth

    Metropolitan
    Dhaka Chittagong

    21.6
    16.4 32.0

    Larger Towns Smaller Towns

    43.4 50.3

    Source: PPRC Urban Household Survey, 2010

    Why the Urban Attraction?

    Economic reasons
    Employment Business 71% 21%

    Educational opportunity City life Distress factors

    23% 22% 11%

    Source: PPRC Urban Residents Survey, 2010 (Multiple answers: percentages do not add up to 100)

    Urbanization and Growth: 3 Stories in 1

    Manufacturing driven metropolitan growth poles in Dhaka and Chittagong Service sector driven secondary city growth Remittance and urban consumption driven rural non-farm growth

    Multiple Patterns of Urban Growth

    Primate city: Dhaka Incipient metropolitan: Chittagong Metro satellite/traditional trading hub: Narayanganj, Gazipur Regional growth centre: Bogra, Rangpur, Jessore Labour market linkages: Sylhet, Kurigram Localized economies: Borguna, Munshiganj, Kishoreganj

    Urbanization Aspects of the Economic Story

    Economic specialization in Dhaka and Chittagong; diversified economic base of secondary towns 2001-2006: manufacturing migrating out of Dhaka to adjoining rural metro (10% to 14%) and rural non-metro (28% to 34%) Garment mainly urban-based; textiles, agro-processing, other manufacturing mainly rural-based Significant differences in competitiveness: Dhaka near international standards Education profile of urban youth employment: 28.9% illiterate, 29.9% primary schooling, 17.5% grade 8, 10% grade 9, 7.6% SSC Measuring urban poverty sensitive to instrument: by Cost of basic needs 36.6% in 2000, by direct calorie intake 53%

    Urban Poverty

    Slum population: 12.8% of total urban (2007) Urban poverty challenges different from rural poverty challenges No typical slums Dhaka slums changed from public to private land

    Urban Chaos

    Governance deficit Capacity deficit Environmental sustainability Weak civic culture

    Six Strategic Challenges


    Building a sustained policy engagement A 3-component holistic urban renewal agenda: Big Cities, Secondary Towns, Growth Centres

    Urban land-use
    Catalyzing investment in the urban sector

    Address urban management capacity deficits


    Sustainable strategy to address urban poverty

    Sectoral and Governance Priorities

    Sectoral
    Water Sewage Mass transit Waste management Affordable housing Energy

    Governance
    Decentralization Capacity-building Civic culture

    Current Initiatives

    2nd generation municipal funding Economic zones Emphasis on solar energy Urban forum

    Priorities for Future

    Capacity creation on urban management in government and non-government spheres Campaign on civic culture Exploring regional development approaches Harnessing technology for shaping better urban outcomes Innovations in urban finance

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