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The 6 Simple Machines: Wedge Screw Inclined Plane

The document summarizes 6 simple machines: inclined plane, screw, wedge, lever, pulley, and wheel and axle. It provides details on how each machine works, including definitions and examples. It also explains how to calculate the mechanical advantage of each machine, such as dividing the length of an inclined plane by its height. Pulleys are described as wheels with grooves that change the direction or multiply the force of effort. Gears are mentioned as a type of wheel and axle that reverse rotation direction between gears.

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Vishal Sharma
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54 views23 pages

The 6 Simple Machines: Wedge Screw Inclined Plane

The document summarizes 6 simple machines: inclined plane, screw, wedge, lever, pulley, and wheel and axle. It provides details on how each machine works, including definitions and examples. It also explains how to calculate the mechanical advantage of each machine, such as dividing the length of an inclined plane by its height. Pulleys are described as wheels with grooves that change the direction or multiply the force of effort. Gears are mentioned as a type of wheel and axle that reverse rotation direction between gears.

Uploaded by

Vishal Sharma
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The 6 Simple Machines

Inclined Plane Screw Wedge

Lever

Pulley

Wheel and Axle

Inclined Plane
It

is a flat surface that lies at an angle relative to level ground used to form a ramp to raise and lower a load

Inclined Planes
An

inclined plane is a flat surface that is higher on one end Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier

Work input and output


Work

input is the amount of work done on a machine. Input force x input distance output is the amount of work done by a machine. Output force x output distance

Work

Dout3 m 10 N

Din 15 m

? Fin

Fo ut

Wout = Win

Fout x Dout = Fin x Din 10N x 3m = 2N x 15m

Inclined Plane Mechanical Advantage

The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is equal to the length of the slope divided by the height of the inclined plane. While the inclined plane produces a mechanical advantage, it does so by increasing the distance through which the force must move.

SCREW

The mechanical advantage of an screw can be calculated by dividing the circumference by the pitch of the screw. Pitch equals 1/ number of turns per inch.

Wedges
Two inclined planes joined back to back. Wedges are used to split things.

Wedge Mechanical Advantage

The mechanical advantage of a wedge can be found by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the thickness (T) of the big end.

LEVERS

First Class Lever

Fulcrum is between EF (effort) and RF (load) Effort moves farther than Resistance. Multiplies EF and changes its direction The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the length of the lever on the applied force side of the fulcrum to the length of the lever on the resistance force side of the fulcrum.

First Class Lever


.

Common examples of firstclass levers include crowbars, scissors, pliers, tin snips and seesaws.

Second Class Lever

RF (load) is between fulcrum and EF Effort moves farther than Resistance. Multiplies EF, but does not change its direction The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the distance from the resistance force to the fulcrum.

Second Class Lever


Examples

of second-class levers include nut crackers, wheel barrows, doors, and bottle openers.

Third Class Lever

EF is between fulcrum and RF (load) Does not multiply force Resistance moves farther than Effort. Multiplies the distance the effort force travels The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the distance of the resistance force to the fulcrum

Third Class Lever


Examples

of third-class levers include tweezers, arm hammers, and shovels.

Pulleys
Pulley are wheels and axles with a groove around the outside A pulley needs a rope, chain or belt around the groove to make it do work

Diagrams of Pulleys
Fixed pulley:
A fixed pulley changes the direction of a force; however, it does not create a mechanical advantage. The mechanical advantage of a moveable pulley is equal to the number of ropes that support the

Movable Pulley:

COMBINED PULLEY
The effort needed to lift the load is less than half the weight of the load. The main disadvantage is it travels a very long distance.

WHEEL AND AXEL


The axle is stuck rigidly to a large wheel. Fan blades are attached to the wheel. When the axel turns, the fan blades spin.

Wheel and Axel

The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle.

In the wheel and axle illustrated above, the radius of the wheel is five times larger than the radius of the axle. Therefore, the mechanical advantage is 5:1 or 5. The wheel and axle can also increase speed by applying the input force to the axle rather than a wheel. This increase is computed like mechanical advantage. This combination would increase the speed 5 times.

GEARS-Wheel and Axel


Each gear in a series reverses the direction of rotation of the previous gear. The smaller gear will always turn faster than the larger gear.

Thank you

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