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    Nervous Tissue: Elwathiq Khalid Ibrahim Department of Anatomy University of Kassala March, 2011

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    Wathiq Khalid Ibrahim
    Central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord - Integrating and command center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – nerves extending from brain and spinal cord Cranial nerves spinal nerves – Link all regions of the body to the CNS cells of the Nervous System Neurons or nerve cells - Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials - Organization Cell body or soma Dendrites: Input Axons: Output Neuroglia or

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    Nervous Tissue: Elwathiq Khalid Ibrahim Department of Anatomy University of Kassala March, 2011

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    Wathiq Khalid Ibrahim
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    Central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord - Integrating and command center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – nerves extending from brain and spinal cord Cranial nerves spinal nerves – Link all regions of the body to the CNS cells of the Nervous System Neurons or nerve cells - Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials - Organization Cell body or soma Dendrites: Input Axons: Output Neuroglia or

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    Nervous Tissue

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    Central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord - Integrating and command center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – nerves extending from brain and spinal cord Cranial nerves spinal nerves – Link all regions of the body to the CNS cells of the Nervous System Neurons or nerve cells - Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials - Organization Cell body or soma Dendrites: Input Axons: Output Neuroglia or

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    95 views30 pages

    Nervous Tissue: Elwathiq Khalid Ibrahim Department of Anatomy University of Kassala March, 2011

    Uploaded by

    Wathiq Khalid Ibrahim
    Central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord - Integrating and command center Peripheral nervous system (PNS) – nerves extending from brain and spinal cord Cranial nerves spinal nerves – Link all regions of the body to the CNS cells of the Nervous System Neurons or nerve cells - Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials - Organization Cell body or soma Dendrites: Input Axons: Output Neuroglia or

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    NERVOUS TISSUE

    Elwathiq Khalid Ibrahim Department of Anatomy University of Kassala March, 2011

    Central nervous system (CNS)

    Basic Divisions of the Nervous System: CNS


    Brain and spinal cord Integrating and command center

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Outside the CNS Nerves extending from brain and spinal cord Cranial nerves Spinal nerves Link all regions of the body to the CNS

    Basic Divisions of the Nervous System: PNS

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Cells of the Nervous System


    Neurons or nerve cells Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials Organization Cell body or soma Dendrites: Input Axons: Output Neuroglia or glial cells Support and protect neurons

    Neuron

    The Cell Body


    Most neuronal cell bodies
    Located within the CNS (clustered in nuclei) Protected by bones of the skull and vertebral column

    Ganglia clusters of cell bodies in PNS

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Cell Body Structure

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Figure 12.4 Benjamin Cummings

    Neuron Processes: Dendrites


    Dendrites Extensively branching from the cell body Transmit electrical signals (graded potentials) toward the cell body Function as receptive sites

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Dendritic Spines

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Neuron Processes: Axons


    Axons (nerve fibers) Neuron has only one, but it can branch Impulse generator and conductor Transmits action potentials away from the cell body Chromatophilic bodies absent No protein synthesis in axon

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Axon

    Types of Neurons
    Three structural categories of neurons 1. multipolar 2. bipolar 3. Pseudounipolar Functional classification 1. Sensory or afferent: Action potentials toward CNS 2. Motor or efferent: Action potentials away from CNS 3. Interneurons or association neurons: Within CNS from one neuron to another

    Types of Neurons

    Structure of Neuron

    Neurons Classified by Function

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., Figure 12.11 publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    C. T. of Nerves
    Endoneurium layer of delicate connective tissue surrounding the axon Nerve fascicles groups of axons bound into bundles Perineurium connective tissue wrapping surrounding a nerve fascicle Epineurium whole nerve is surrounded by tough fibrous sheath
    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Structure of Neuron

    LM of neurons

    http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/frames/h_frame6.html

    Neuroglia of CNS
    Astrocytes Regulate extracellular brain fluid composition Promote tight junctions to form blood-brain barrier Ependymal Cells Line brain ventricles and spinal cord central canal Help form choroid plexuses that secrete CSF

    Astrocytes

    Ependymal Cells

    Neuroglia
    Microglia Specialized macrophages Oligodendrocytes Form myelin sheaths if surround axon Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes Wrap around portion of only one axon to form myelin sheath (PNS)

    Microglia

    Oligodendrocytes

    Schwann Cell

    Myelin Sheaths in the PNS myelinated axon

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Figure 12.15b Benjamin Cummings

    Synapses
    Site at which neurons communicate Signals pass across synapse in one direction Presynaptic neuron
    Conducts signal toward a synapse

    Postsynaptic neuron
    Transmits electrical activity away from a synapse

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Two Neurons Communicating at a Synapse

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Figure 12.6 Benjamin Cummings

    Types of Synapses

    Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Figure 12.7 Benjamin Cummings

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