Computer Fundamentals
Lecture 1
Introduction to computers
Syllabus
Overview
Course Description
Course Topics
Textbook
Course Grade
1.2
Overview
The Course
Theory Lecture (2 hours)
Practical\Tutorials (2 hours) Lab
Material
Class notes
Lecture Notes/Presentations slides
Text Book
Reference Book
Extra reading & websites
1.3
Course Description
This course will introduce:
fundamental data processing concepts and associated
terminologies.
the development of computers and computer
applications.
the impact of computers on society.
computing system, CPU, device interfaces, and binary
number systems.
1.4
Course Topics
Introduction
Computing components
Digital Storage
Input and output devices
Programs and applications
Operating Systems
Internet
Networking
Databases
Number systems
1.5
Textbook
Discovering Computers Technology in a World of
Computers, Mobile Devices, and the Internet
Vermaat, Sebok, Freund, Campbell, frydenberg, Copyright
2016.
Discovering Computers Fundamentals Your Interactive
Guide to the Digital World.
Gary B. Shelly ,Misty E. Vermaat, 2011
1.6
Course Grade
Evaluation
Midterm Exam: 20%
Assignments & Homework: 10%
Practical exams: 20%
Final Exam: 50%
Total 100%
1.7
Computer Fundamentals
The word ‘computer’ comes from ‘compute’ which
means to calculate.
A computer is an electronic machine that takes an
input, processes it to produce the desired output, and
can stores results.
Every computer is a combination of:
Hardware
Software
1.8
Computer Fundamentals
Any kind of computers consists of
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Hardware consists of the mechanical and electronic
devices (physical elements) which we can see and
touch.
The software consists of programs, the operating
system and the data that reside in the memory and
storage devices.
1.9
Computer Fundamentals
There are two main aspects of the computer:
Input: The data we enter into the computer is called
the input.
Output: The answer that the computer provides in
return of the data entered, is called output
1.10
Basic Functions of Computer
There are four basic functions of the computer: Input,
Processing, Output, and Storage.
1) Accepts data (Input)
keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
2) Process data
the data is processed according to the instructions given to the
computer
3) Produces results (output)
monitor, printer, etc
4) Stores results
hard disk, CD, pen drive etc.
1.11
Data and information
Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can
include text, numbers, images, audio, and video.
Information conveys meaning to users.
Computers process data into information
Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)
تعرف المعلومات على أنها البيانات التي تمت
معالجتها بحيث أصبحت ذات معنى وباتت
مرتبطة بسياق معين. 1.12
Data and information
1.13
Data and information
The average score of a
Each student's test class or of the entire
Example 1 score is one piece of school is information
data. that can be derived
from the given data.
Example 2?
1.14
Characteristics of Computer
High Speed
Accuracy
Diligence
Storage (Power of Remembering)
Reliability (easy maintenance, long lives)
Reduction in Paper Work
1.15
Disadvantages of Using Computers
No I.Q (No creativity) (I.Q Intelligence
quotient)
No Feeling
More use of computer and mobile is proving to be
harmful to health
risk of your personal data being stolen
waste your time (Doing extra unwanted activities)
Impact on Labor Force
1.16
The Components of a Computer
A computer contains many electric, electronic, and
mechanical components known as hardware
Hardware contains the following units :
1. Input Unit
2. Processing Unit
3. Storage Unit
4. Output Unit
5. Power Unit
1.17
Software
A set of instructions and its documentations that tells a
computer what to do or how to perform a task.
Software and programs are interchangeable.
Two major types:
System Software
Applications Software
1.18
Kinds of Software
System software designed to manage and
control hardware components and provide a
platform for running application software.
Examples of system software include:
Operating Systems like macOS, Linux OS and Microsoft
windows.
Device Drivers: Software that enables communication
between the OS and hardware devices.
Application software is a program or group of
programs designed for end users.
Examples of an application include a word
processor, a spreadsheet, an accounting
application, a web browser.
1.19
Data Representation
A bit is the smallest unit of data in computing. It’s like a
tiny light switch that can be either off (0) or on (1).
Byte is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one
character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single
unit.
1.20
1.21
Assignment
1) Utility Software is part of system software, explain that.
2) What is Malware?
2) Write a short essay explaining what binary numbers
are and how they are used in computers.
1.22
