Operating
System
Zyber John G. Cielos
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the students should be able to:
1. Define what is an Operating System;
2. Explain the basic functions and management of Operating Systems;
3. Identify the different types of Operating Systems;
What is an
Operating
System?
Operating System
● It is the most important program that runs on
a computer.
● It is an interface between computer and user.
Operating System
Operating System
● A magician – provides each user with the
illusion of a dedicated machine with infinite
memory and CPU time.
● A government – allocates resources
efficiently and fairly, protects users from
each other, provides safe and secure
communication.
● A parent – always there when you need it,
never breaks, always succeeds.
Operating System
● A fast-food restaurant – provides a service
everyone needs, always works the same
everywhere (standardization).
● A complex system – but keeps it as simple
as possible so that it will work.
Functions
of
Operating
System
Job Management
Job management software manages the
jobs waiting to be processed.
Batch Processing
System software is available to support the
different methods of processing a job. With
batch processing, the most basic method, data
are accumulated and processed in groups.
On-line Processing
In on-line processing, data are
processed instantaneously.
Data Management
In the process of managing the
resources of the computer system,
operating system software also
manages the storage and retrieval of
data.
Data management is the practice of
ingesting, processing, securing and
storing an organization’s data, where it
is then utilized for strategic decision-
making to improve business outcomes.
Virtual Storage
Operating systems also manages the allocation
of main memory to specific jobs. Some
operating systems have a feature called virtual
storage. With this software it is possible to
increase the capacity of main memory without
actually increasing its size. This is accomplished
by breaking a job into sequences of instructions,
called pages or segments, keeping only a few of
these in main memory at a time; the remainder
are kept on secondary storage devices.
Input / Output
Management
Operating systems also manage the input to and
output from a computer system. This applies to
the flow of data among computers, terminals,
and other devices such as printers. Application
programs use the operating system extensively
to handle input and output devices as needed.
Types of
Operating
System
Real-Time
● A real-time operating system is a
multitasking operating system that aims at
executing real-time applications.
● Responds to input instantly.
● Types : Soft Real time, Firm Real Time, Hard
Real Time.
Multi-user vs.
Single user
● A multi-user operating system allows
multiple users to access a computer system
concurrently.
● Single-user operating systems, as opposed to
a multi-user operating system, are usable by
a single user at a time.
Multi-tasking vs.
Single-tasking
● When a single program is allowed to run at a
time, the system is grouped under a single-
tasking system.
● While in case the operating system allows
the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it
is classified as a multi-tasking operating
system.
Distributed
● A distributed operating system manages a
group of independent computers and makes
them appear to be a single computer.
Embedded
● Embedded operating systems are designed
to be used in embedded computer systems.
● They are designed to operate on small
machines like PDAs with less autonomy.
● They are able to operate with a limited
number of resources.
Different OS
Implementati
on
DOS
● DOS is the acronym for disk operating
system.
● The term DOS can refer to any operating
system, but it is most often used as a short
form of MS-DOS (Microsoft disk operating
system).
● Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM,
MS-DOS is the standard operating system for
IBM-compatible personal computers.
Windows
● Microsoft created the Windows operating
system in the mid-1980s
● Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs,
which helps to make it the most popular
operating system in the world.
Windows
● Windows makes it possible to complete all
types of everyday tasks on your computer.
● Windows is also used in many offices
because it gives you access to productivity
tools such as calendars, word processors,
and spreadsheets.
macOS
● macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of
operating systems created by Apple. It
comes preloaded on all Macintosh
computers, or Macs. Some of the specific
versions include Mojave (released in 2018),
High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016).
● According to StatCounter Global Stats,
macOS users account for less than 10% of
global operating systems— much lower than
the percentage of Windows users (more than
80%).
Linux
● Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of
open-source operating systems, which
means they can be modified and distributed
by anyone around the world. This is different
from proprietary software like Windows,
which can only be modified by the company
that owns it.
● According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux
users account for less than 2% of global
operating systems. However, most servers
run Linux because it's relatively easy to
customize.
Operating
Systems for
Mobile
Devices
Android
Technically, it's an operating system
for smartphones and tablets. Many
different companies make devices
that are powered by Android,
including Samsung, HTC, LG, and
other lesser-known brands. That's
why every Android device is
different—each manufacturer likes
to put its own spin on it.
iOS
iOS is Apple’s mobile
operating system that powers
the iPhone and iPod Touch.
Until 2019, it was also the
operating system used by the
iPad.
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