Computer Applications & Web-I

BS CHEMISTRY (3 R D SEMESTER)

Presentation Group
Members

• Sufyan Tariq
• Mubshar Rehman
• Hammad Ahmad
What is Topology?
• In networking, topology refers to the
layout of a computer network.
• There are two parts of topology.
1. Physical topology
2. Logical topology
• Physical topology means the
placement of the elements of the
network, including the location of the
devices or the layout of the cables.
• Logical topology maps the flow of
data, regardless of the physical
layout.
 Network Topologies
• In a computer network,
there are mainly five
types of physical
topology, they are:
• Bus Topology.
• Ring Topology.
• Star Topology.
• Mesh Topology.
• Tree Topology.
 Bus Topology
• A bus topology is a topology
for a Local Area Network
(LAN) in which all the
nodes are connected to a
single cable. The cable to
which the nodes connect is
called a "backbone".
• A bus topology is multipoint
Advantages
Disadvantages
of Bus Topology
• It is the easiest network • Bus topology is not great for
topology for connecting large networks.
computers in a linear
fashion. • Identification of problem
becomes difficult if whole
• Le n g t h o f c a b l e re q u i re d i s network goes down.
l e s s t h a n a s t a r t o p o l o g y.

• • Need of terminators are

It is easy to connect or
re m o v e d e v i c e s i n t h i s required at both ends of main
n e t w o r k w i t h o u t a ff e c t i n g cable.
any other device.
• If a main cable is damaged,
• Ve r y c o s t - e ff e c t i v e a s whole network fails or splits
c o m p a re d t o o t h e r n e t w o r k into two.
t o p o l o g y i . e . M e s h a n d s t a r.

• • This network topology is very

E a s y t o ex p a n d b y j o i n i n g
t h e t w o c a b l e s t o g e t h e r. slow as compared to other
topologies.
 Ring Topology

• A ring topology is a network

configuration where device
connections create a circular data
path.
• Each networked device is connected
to two others, like points on a circle.
• Most ring topologies allow packets to
travel only in one direction, called a
unidirectional ring network.
 Ring Topology

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Equal access to the resources. • Due to the Uni-directional Ring, a
data packet (token) must have to
• There is no need of server to pass through all the nodes.
control the connectivity among the
nodes in the topology. • It is slower in performance as
compared to the bus topology
• It is cheap to install and expand.
• It is Expensive.
• Minimum collision.
• Addition and removal of any node
• Speed to transfer the data is very during a network is difficult and may
high. cause issue in network activity.
• Difficult to troubleshoot the ring.
 Star Topology

• Star topology is a network topology in

which each network component is
physically connected to a central
node such as a router, hub or switch.
• When the central node receives a
packet from a connecting node, it can
pass the packet on to other nodes in
the network.
 Star Topology

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• It is very reliable – if one cable or • More expensive than linear bus
device fails then all the others will still topology due to the value of the
work connecting devices (network
switches).
• It is high-performing as no data
collisions can occur • If hub goes down everything goes
down, none of the devices can work
• Less expensive because each device without hub.
only need one I/O port and wishes to
be connected with hub with one link. • Hub requires more resources and
regular maintenance because it’s the
• Easy fault detection because the link central system of star .
are often easily identified.
• Extra hardware is required (hubs or
switches) which adds to cost.
 Mesh Topology
• A mesh topology is a network
setup where each computer and
network device is interconnected
with one another.
• It is a topology commonly used
for wireless networks.
• All nodes cooperate in
distribution of data.
 Mesh Topology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• It provides high privacy and • It’s costly as compared to the opposite
security. network topologies i.e. star, bus, point
to point topology.
• Data transmission is more
consistent because failure doesn’t • Installation is extremely difficult in the
mesh.
disrupt its processes.
• Complex process.
• Adding new devices won’t disrupt
data transmissions. • The cost to implement mesh is above
other selections.
• This topology has robust features
to beat any situation. • There is a high risk of redundant
connections.
• A mesh doesn’t have a centralized
authority. • Maintenance needs are challenging
with a mesh.
 Tree Topology
• Tree Topology is a topology which is having a tree
structure in which all the computer are connected
like the branches which are connected with the
tree.
• In Computer Network, tree topology is called as a
combination of a Bus and Star network topology.
• Numbers of star networks are connected using
bus.
• The main cable seems like the main route of a
tree and other star networks are its branches. It is
also called expended star topology.
Tree Topology
Thank You so much for your precious time
and attention!