Python
Functions
Session IV
Norms
Take Notes! Do It With Me! Participate!
Agenda
1. Functions!
2. What are methods?
3. Lambda functions!
What are Functions?
Functions!
● Formally, a function is a useful device that
groups together a set of statements so
they can be run more than once.
● They can also let us specify parameters
that can serve as inputs to the functions.
Functions!
● On a more fundamental level, functions
allow us to not have to repeatedly write
the same code again and again.
● Functions will be one of most basic
levels of reusing code in Python, and it
will also allow us to start thinking of
program design
When to use Functions?
Functions!
● You plan on using a block of code multiple
times.
● You are supposed to call the same block of
code without having to write it multiple
times.
● You to create more complex Python
scripts.
How to create Functions?
Functions!
Creating a function: In Python a function is defined using the def keyword.
Calling a function: To call a function, use the function name followed by
parenthesis.
Functions!
Have you understood
how to create a function?
What are Arguments?
Arguments!
● Information can be passed into
functions as arguments.
● Specified after the function name,
inside the parentheses. You can add
as many arguments as you want, just
separate them with a comma.
Arguments!
What are Parameters?
Parameters!
● Variables or data that we want our
function to work on, e.g. numbers to
be added.
● Can have any number of parameters
be accepted in your function or no
parameters if your function does not
need it.
What is the difference between
Parameters & Arguments?
Parameters & Arguments!
● The terms parameter and argument can
be used for the same thing: information
that are passed into a function.
● But, from a function's perspective:
○ A parameter is the variable listed
inside the parentheses in the
function definition.
○ An argument is the value that is sent
to the function when it is called.
Activity!
● Create a new function with all the rules
getting satisfied!!!
What are the types of Arguments?
Types of Arguments!
1. Default Arguments
2. Arbitrary Arguments
3. Keyword Arguments
Default Arguments!
● Those arguments that take default
values if no explicit values are passed
to these arguments from the function
call. Let's define a function with one
default argument.
Default Arguments!
Arbitrary Arguments!
● As the name suggests, sometimes the
programmer does not know the number of
arguments to be passed into the function.
In such cases, Python arbitrary arguments
are used.
● In this, we use the asterisk (*) to denote
this method before the parameter in the
function. This is also called as Python *args.
Arbitrary Arguments!
● Python *args allows a function to accept
any number of positional arguments i.e.
arguments which are non-keyword
arguments, variable-length argument list.
Arbitrary Arguments!
Keyword Arguments!
● Keyword arguments (or named arguments)
are values that, when passed into a function,
are identifiable by specific parameter names.
A keyword argument is preceded by a
parameter and the assignment operator, = .
● Keyword arguments can be likened to
dictionaries in that they map a value to a
keyword.
Keyword Arguments!
● You can also send arguments with the key = value syntax.
● This way the order of the arguments does not matter.
Activity!
● Create a default argument that gives cubes
of given integers.
○ 12, 15, 18, 9
● Add all the cube values by using arbitrary
arguments.
What are methods?
Methods!
● A method in python is somewhat similar to a
function, except it is associated with
object/classes.
● Here object can be list, set,tuple or
dictionary.
○ List Methods
○ Set Methods
○ Tuple Methods
○ Dictionary Methods
List Methods!
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on lists.
List Methods!
Set Methods!
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on sets.
Set Methods!
Tuple Methods!
Python has two built-in methods that you can use on tuples.
Dictionary Methods!
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on dictionaries.
Activity!
● Evaluate the difference between two sets
given below.
○ set A = {10, 20, 30, 40, 80}
○ set B = {100, 30, 80, 40, 60}
● Add an element from set A.
● Remove all the elements from set B.
What is Lambda Function?
Lambda Function!
● A lambda function is a small anonymous
function.
● It can take any number of arguments, but
can only have one expression.
● A lambda function evaluates an expression
for a given argument.
Lambda Function!
Activity!
● Return the values which are less than 6
from the list given below, by using lambda
function.
○ [10, 2, 8, 7, 5, 4, 3, 11, 0, 1]
What we learnt today!
● Functions
● Parameters
● Arguments
● Methods
● Lambda function
Time for Feedback!
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2. Enter your personal details.
3. Rate the session based on
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b. Trainer
c. Content
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Doubts?
Key Takeaways
What is your one key takeaway from the session?
