INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING
DATA TYPES, VARIABLES & OPERATORS
EXPRESSIONS, PRECEDENCE
Lesson Plan
Subject/Course Basic Java Programming
Lesson Title Introduction to Programming
Lesson Objectives
Introduction to programming
Data types, Variables, operators
Expression, Precedence
What is programming?
Programming is the process of writing instructions that a computer can understand and execute to
perform a task. In Java, these instructions are written using syntax rules of the Java language.
What is Java?
High-level, object-oriented, and platform-independent
Write Once, Run Anywhere – Java code can run on any device with the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
Widely used in enterprise applications, Android apps, and web development
Why Learn Java?
Strong community support
Rich library and API support
Easy to debug and maintain
Great for beginners and professionals
Example
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
}
Explanation:
public class HelloWorld – Defines a class
main – Starting point of the program
System.out.println() – Prints output to console
Data Types- In Java, data types define the kind of data a variable can hold. Java is
a statically typed language, which means all variables must be declared with a data type.
Example
public class DataTypes {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age = 25;
float percentage = 87.5f;
char grade = 'A';
boolean isPassed = true;
String name = "Sweety";
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Age: " + age);
System.out.println("Percentage: " + percentage);
System.out.println("Grade: " + grade);
System.out.println("Passed: " + isPassed);
}
}
Variables-In Java, variables are containers used to store data values during program
execution. Every variable in Java must be declared with a data type, which determines the
size and type of data it can hold.
Syntax:
datatype variableName = value;
Rules for Naming Variables:
•Must start with a letter, _, or $
•Cannot start with a digit
•No spaces or special characters
•Case-sensitive (score and Score are different)
•Cannot use reserved keywords (int, class,
etc.)
Example
public class Variables{
String name; // Instance variable
static String school = "Greenwood High"; // Static variable
void displayDetails() {
int marks = 95; // Local variable
System.out.println("Name: " + name);
System.out.println("Marks: " + marks);
System.out.println("School: " + school);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student s1 = new Student();
s1.name = "Sweety";
s1.displayDetails();
}
}
Operators-In Java, operators are special symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. They are the backbone of logic, math, comparisons, and decision-making in Java programs.
Unary Operators-Operate on a single operand
Operator Description Example
+ Unary plus +a
- Unary minus -a
++ Increment a++ or ++a
-- Decrement a-- or –a
! Logical NOT !flag
Arithmetic Operators-Perform basic math operations
Operator Description Example
+ Addition a+b
- Subtraction a-b
* Multiplication a*b
/ Division a/b
% Modulus (remainder) a%b
Relational Operators-Compare two values
Operator Description Example
== Equal to a == b
!= Not equal to a != b
> Greater than a>b
< Less than a<b
>= Greater than or equal to a >= b
<= Less than or equal to a <= b
Logical Operators-Combine multiple conditions
Operator Description Example
&& Logical AND a > 5 && b < 10
|| Logical OR a > 5 || b < 10
! Logical NOT !(a == b)
Assignment Operators-Assign values to variables
Operator Description Example
= Assign a = 10
+= Add and assign a += 5
-= Subtract and assign a -= 3
*= Multiply and assign a *= 2
/= Divide and assign a /= 4
%= Modulus and assign a %= 2
Bitwise Operators-Perform bit-level operations
Operator Description Example
& Bitwise AND a&b
^ Bitwise XOR a^b
~ Bitwise Complement ~a
<< Left shift a << 2
>> Right shift a >> 2
Ternary Operators-Short-hand for if-else
Syntax Description
condition ? a : b Returns a if condition is true, else b
Example
public class Operator{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 5;
System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));
System.out.println("Is a > b? " + (a > b));
System.out.println("Logical AND: " + (a > 5 && b < 10));
System.out.println("Max using ternary: " + ((a > b) ? a : b));
}
}
Expression
An expression is a construct made up of operands and operators that produces a
result.
Expression Description Result
5+3 Arithmetic expression 8
Multiplies values of variables x
x*y Depends on values
and y
Relational expression (returns
a>b true / false
boolean)
"Hello" + " World" String concatenation "Hello World"
(a > b) ? a : b Ternary expression max value
Example
public class Expressions {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10, b = 20;
int sum = a + b; // Arithmetic expression
boolean isGreater = a > b; // Relational expression
boolean result = (a < b) && true; // Logical expression
int max = (a > b) ? a : b; // Ternary expression
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
System.out.println("Is a > b? " + isGreater);
System.out.println("Logical Result: " + result);
System.out.println("Maximum: " + max);
}
}
Precedence
In Java, operator precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated in an
expression. If multiple operators are used in a single expression, the one with higher precedence is
evaluated first.
int result = 10 + 5 * 2;
Here, multiplication (*) has higher precedence than addition (+), so the expression is evaluated as:
10 + (5 * 2) = 10 + 10 = 20
Precedence Level Operators Category
1 (Highest) () Parentheses (grouping)
++, --, + (unary), - (unary), !,
2 Unary
~
3 *, /, % Arithmetic
4 +, - Arithmetic
5 <<, >>, >>> Bitwise shift
6 <, <=, >, >=, instanceof Relational
7 ==, != Equality
8 & Bitwise AND
9 ^ Bitwise XOR
10 | Bitwise OR
11 && Logical AND
12 || Logical OR
13 ?: Ternary
14 (Lowest) =, +=, -=, *=, /=, etc. Assignment
Associativity
When two operators have the same precedence, associativity decides the order of evaluation.
Associativity Type Operators Example
Left to Right +, -, *, /, %, <, >, etc.
Right to Left =, +=, *=, ?:, ++, --
int x = 10, y = 5, z = 2;
int result = x - y - z; // Left to Right: (10 - 5) - 2 = 3
int a = b = c = 5; // Right to Left: c = 5, b = 5, a = 5
Problem Statement 1 - Basic
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 0 : java_IP_L0_9(Width Space)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/64f6501f-fd7b-4407-
a33f-5a7fa0649a3f
Problem Statement 2 - Intermediate
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 1 : Java_IP_L1_2(ASCII value to
Character )
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/5b563d3a-324e-4803-
a5f4-826f7df0051c
Problem Statement 3 - Intermediate
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 1 : Java_IP_L1_4(Providing width
space)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/5b563d3a-324e-4803-
a5f4-826f7df0051c
Problem Statement 4 - Intermediate
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 1 : Java_IP_L1_5(Precision value)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/5b563d3a-324e-4803-
a5f4-826f7df0051c
Problem Statement 5 - Complex
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 2 : java_IP_L2_7(If input is 1, print
2. If input is 2, print 1)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/dd4ec96c-a81c-43f9-
b0b9-f2e7c3419e29
Problem Statement 6 - Complex
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 2 : java_IP_L2_9.Convert given
seconds to Hours Minutes and Seconds
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/dd4ec96c-a81c-43f9-
b0b9-f2e7c3419e29
Problem Statement 7 - Complex
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 2 : java_IP_L2_10(TOT_DAYS to
years,weeks and days)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/dd4ec96c-a81c-43f9-
b0b9-f2e7c3419e29
Problem Statement 8 - Advanced
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 3 : java_IP_L3_1(Given a celcius ,
find its equivalent farenheit)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/3f806cb7-23ba-4a5d-
9d12-e9b11c8d65ca
Problem Statement 9 - Advanced
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 3 : java_IP_L3_3(kilogram to
pounds)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/3f806cb7-23ba-4a5d-
9d12-e9b11c8d65ca
Problem Statement 10 - Advanced
Problem Statement Path:
Java Technical Course
Basic Java
Basic Input & Output
Basic I/P & O/P Level 3 :java_IP_L3_5(km to miles)
Link :https://lms.talentely.com/test/test/6581c2c2-
2126-4181-b63b-2f57b2d1c8c3/3f806cb7-23ba-4a5d-
9d12-e9b11c8d65ca
Thank You
