Introduction to Linux
Operating System and
Virtualization
First of multitasking, a multiuser operating system
Development started in 1969 by AT&T at Bell Labs research center by
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
Development stared in 1969 by AT&T at Bell Labs research center by
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
First of multitasking, multiuser operating system.
Linus Torvalds Free Software
Foundation
Linux was created in the early 1990s by Finnish
software engineer Linus Torvalds and the Free
Software Foundation (FSF). Linus started developing
Linux to create a system similar to MINIX, a UNIX like
Operating System.
• Modern, free operating system based on UNIX
• the self-contained kernel in 1991
• Unix Compatibility
• many users around the world are its collaborators
• runs efficiently and reliably on common PC
hardware
• runs on other platforms like raspberry pi, IoT
Series of widely used free software licenses that
guarantee end-users the four freedoms to: run, study,
share and modify the software
GNU General Public License (GNU GPL)
Series of widely used free software licenses that
guarantee end-users the four freedoms to: run, study,
share and modify the software
Linux Distributions
and 1200+
Major Linux Distributions
• RedHat Enterprise Linux:
https://www.redhat.com/
• Debian: https://www.debian.org/
• Ubuntu: https://ubuntu.com/
• Fedora Core: https://getfedora.org/
• CentOS: https://www.centos.org/
• Kali Linux: https://www.kali.org/
Major Linux Distributions
• RedHat Enterprise Linux: PC, server,
hypervisors, cloud
• Debian: laptops, PC, servers
• Ubuntu: laptops, PC, servers, hypervisors,
cloud, IoT
• Fedora Core: laptops, PC, servers
• CentOS: servers, cloud, hypervisor
Kernel
• The main layer between the OS
and hardware.
• Helps with process and memory
management, file systems, device
control, and networking.
Linux Kernel
• Version 0.01 (May 1991) had no networking, ran only on
80386-compatible Intel processors and on PC hardware, had
extremely limited device-drive support, and supported only
the Minix file system
• Linux 1.0 (March 1994) included these new features:
• Support for UNIX’s standard TCP/IP networking protocols
• BSD-compatible socket interface for networking programming
• Device-driver support for running IP over an Ethernet
Linux Kernel
• Enhanced file system
• Support for a range of SCSI controllers for
• high-performance disk access
• Extra hardware support
• Version 1.2 (March 1995) was the final PC-only Linux kernel
• Kernels with odd version numbers are development kernels, those
with even numbers are production kernels
Linux Kernel
• Released in June 1996, 2.0 added two major new capabilities:
• Support for multiple architectures, including a fully 64-bit native Alpha
port
• Support for multiprocessor architectures
• Other new features included:
• Improved memory-management code
• Improved TCP/IP performance
• Support for internal kernel threads, for handling dependencies
between loadable modules, and for automatic loading of modules on
demand
Linux Kernel
• Standardized configuration interface
• Available for Motorola 68000-series processors, Sun Sparc systems,
and for PC and PowerMac systems
• 2.4 and 2.6 increased SMP support, added journaling file system,
preemptive kernel, 64-bit memory support
• 3.0 released in 2011, the 20th anniversary of Linux, improved
virtualization support, a new page write-back facility, improved
memory management, new Completely Fair Scheduler
Understanding Kernel
Versions
Understanding Kernel
Versions
Download Linux Kernel
• https://kernel.org
Virtualization
• Creation of a virtual version of something
• Simulates hardware functionality to create a virtual
system
Virtual Machine
• Virtualization/emulation of a computer system
• Based on computer architectures
• Provide functionality of a physical computer
• implementations may involve specialized hardware,
software, or a combination.
System Virtual Machine
• Provide a substitute for a real machine
Process Virtual Machine
• Designed to execute computer programs in a
platform-independent environment.
Hypervisor
• Software that creates and runs a virtual machine
Type 1 Hypervisor
• runs directly on the underlying computer's physical
hardware, interacting directly with its CPU, memory,
and physical storage
Type 2 Hypervisor
• virtual machine (VM) manager that is installed as a
software application on an existing operating system
(OS)
Type 1 vs Type 2
Hypervisors
• Type 1 runs on bare metal and Type 2 runs on top of
an operating system.
Benefits Of Virtualization
• More flexible and efficient allocation of resources.
• Enhance development productivity.
• It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
• Remote access and rapid scalability.
• High availability and disaster recovery.
• Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand.
• Enables running multiple operating systems.
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Installing Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 Ubuntu
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
Ubuntu Linux Installation
• Graphical User Interface
