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Presented by Adnan Mazari Tul, Czechrepublic

This document provides a classification of various natural and man-made fiber types. It divides fibers into natural fibers including vegetable, animal and mineral fibers. Vegetable fibers are further divided based on their source such as those from seeds, phloem, stems/leaves, and fruit/nut shells. Important vegetable fibers discussed are cotton and linen. Cotton grows around seeds and is made of cellulose. Animal fibers discussed include wool which is derived from animal fur and has the highest moisture regain. Mineral fibers include asbestos which is fibrous silicate. Man-made fibers are divided into regenerated fibers from cellulose/protein and synthetic fibers including polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls and polyolefins.

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363 views14 pages

Presented by Adnan Mazari Tul, Czechrepublic

This document provides a classification of various natural and man-made fiber types. It divides fibers into natural fibers including vegetable, animal and mineral fibers. Vegetable fibers are further divided based on their source such as those from seeds, phloem, stems/leaves, and fruit/nut shells. Important vegetable fibers discussed are cotton and linen. Cotton grows around seeds and is made of cellulose. Animal fibers discussed include wool which is derived from animal fur and has the highest moisture regain. Mineral fibers include asbestos which is fibrous silicate. Man-made fibers are divided into regenerated fibers from cellulose/protein and synthetic fibers including polyamides, polyesters, polyvinyls and polyolefins.

Uploaded by

Adnan Mazari
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presented By Adnan Mazari adnanmazari86@gmail.

com TUL,CzechRepublic

Classification of Fibres Natural Fibers


Vegetable Fibres Animal Fibres Mineral fibers

Man Made fibers


Regenerated fibres Synthetic fibres

Inorganic fibres

NATURAL FIBRE Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable or mineral source that can be convertible after spinning into yarns and then into fabric. Under them there are various categories: (1) plant (2) animal (3) minerals

Plant Fibers

they can be further on classified as: (a) fibre occurring on the seed (raw cotton , java cotton) (b) phloem fiber (flax, ramie , hemp, jute) (c) tendon fibre from stem or leaves (manila hemp, sisal hemp etc) (d) fibre occurring around the trunk (hemp palm) (e) fibre of fruit/ nut shells (coconut fibre Coir) cotton and linen are the most important among them.

Cotton Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant .cotton fibre grows in the seed pod or boll of the cotton plant . each fibre is a single elongated cell that is flat twisted and ribbon like with a wide inner hollow (lumen). Composition 90% cellulose,6% moisture and the remainder fats and impurities. the outer surface is covered with a protective wax like coating which gives fibre an adhesive quality. It has 8% moisture regain The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton unique properties of strength, durability, and absorbency. it is fresh , crisp , comfortable , absorbent , flexible, has no pilling problems and has good resistance to alkalis. it has poor wrinkle resistance, shrinkage, poor acid resistance , less abrasion resistance , susceptible to damage by moths and mildew, needs lots of maintenance

ANIMAL FIBRES
Animal fibers are natural fibers that consist largely of proteins such as silk, hair/ fur, wool and feathers. The most commonly used type of animal fiber is hair. They can be classified further as Hair Fibres (Staple) Wool Speciality hair fibres Secretion Fibres (Filament) Silk Spider Silk (Insect fibre)

WOOL
Wool is the fiber derived from the fur of animals principally sheep. properties it has the highest moisture regain i.e., 14%. easy to spin due to crimp present in it, it has heat in stored within the length of the fibre is around 3-15 inches. there are two types of wool namely clipped or fleece wool taken from live sheep and pulled wool removed from sheep already dead. merino wool is the best grade of wool. In addition to clothing, wool has been used for carpeting, felt, wool insulation and upholstery

MINERAL FIBRE Asbestos is the only natural mineral fibre obtained from varieties of rocks. properties It is fibrous form of silicate of magnesium and calcium containing iron and aluminium and other minerals. It is acid proof, flame proof and rust proof. Its particles are carcinogenic and hence its use is restricted.

MAN MADE Cellulosic Cotton linters and wood pulp Viscose rayon, Cupra-ammonium, Cellulose Acetate (secondary and triacetate), Polynosic, High Wet Modulus (HWM)
Protein Casein fibre from milk

Groundnut Fibre, Zein fibre Azlon fibre from corn and soya bean

Man made Synthetic Fibres


Polyamides-Nylon 66, Nylon 610, Nylon 6 etc Polyester-Terylene, Terene, Dacron etc. Polyvinyl derivatives Polyvinylchloride Polyvinylchloride acetate Polyvinylchloride Acrylonitrile Polyacrilonitrile Polyvinyl alcohol Polystyrene and Copolymers Polyvinylide Chloride and Copolymers Polyolefins Polyethylene Polypropylene

POLYESTER
Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester functional group in their main chain. The term "polyester" is most commonly used to refer to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). it has a high melting temperature it can be dyed with only disperse dyes they are thermoplastic, have good strength and are hydrophobic the fibre has a rod like shape with a smooth surface. it is lustrous and its hand is crisp. it has excellent resiliency and is the best wash and wear fabric.

Inorganic Fibres Glass Silica sand, lime stone and other minerals Ceramic Alumina, Silica and Graphite fibres - Carbon
Metallic fibres- Aluminium, silver, gold and

stainless steel

Thankyou

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