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Computer Programming - Unit One

Computer Programming_Unit One

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3 views10 pages

Computer Programming - Unit One

Computer Programming_Unit One

Uploaded by

Thomas Harvey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Course Code: CSE 202

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEMS


Md. Mirajul Islam
Lecturer & Program Coordinator (BBA & MBA)
Department of Business Administration
Trust University, Barishal
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is an electronic device that accepts input,


processes data, stores data, and produces output. It follows a
sequence of instructions (software) to perform tasks.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• Personal Computers (PCs) – Desktops, laptops.
• Servers – Provide services to other computers (e.g., web
servers).
• Supercomputers – High-speed processing for complex
tasks.
• Mainframe Computers: Used by big organizations for
handling massive data.
• Embedded Systems – Found in appliances, cars, and IoT
devices.
USES OF COMPUTERS
Computers are used in nearly every aspect of modern life:
Education – online learning, research, digital classrooms.
Business – accounting, communication, inventory management.
Healthcare – managing patient records, diagnostics, imaging.
Government – data management, communication, public services.
Entertainment – gaming, streaming, music production.
Science & Engineering – simulations, modeling, data
analysis.
Banking – ATMs, online banking, transaction processing.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
SYSTEM
A computer system consists of hardware (physical
components) and software (programs and applications).
A. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
These are the physical components of the computer:
• Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.
• Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer.
It performs calculations and carries out instructions.
a. Control Unit (CU) – directs operations.
b. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – handles math and logic.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS…CONT.
• Memory/Storage:
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – temporary memory for active
processes.
• ROM (Read-Only Memory) – stores startup instructions.
• Hard Drive/SSD – long-term storage.
• Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all
components.
• Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electricity to usable
power for internal components.

Motherboard Power Supply Unit


B. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
• System Software: Manages hardware. Operating Systems
(Windows, macOS, Linux).
• Application Software: Performs specific tasks. Word processors,
browsers, games.
• Utility Programs: Maintains and protects the system. Antivirus,
disk cleanup tools.

Utility Programs
HOW DOES A COMPUTER WORKS?
Input → Data is entered via input devices.
Processing → CPU executes instructions.
Storage → Data is saved in memory/storage.
Output → Results are displayed or printed.

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