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Computer Programming - Unit One

The document provides an overview of computer systems, defining a computer as an electronic device that processes data and produces output. It outlines various types of computers, their uses across different sectors, and details the basic components, including hardware and software. The document also explains the operational process of a computer from input to output.

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Thomas Harvey
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12 views10 pages

Computer Programming - Unit One

The document provides an overview of computer systems, defining a computer as an electronic device that processes data and produces output. It outlines various types of computers, their uses across different sectors, and details the basic components, including hardware and software. The document also explains the operational process of a computer from input to output.

Uploaded by

Thomas Harvey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Course Code: CSE 202

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SYSTEMS


Md. Mirajul Islam
Lecturer & Program Coordinator (BBA & MBA)
Department of Business Administration
Trust University, Barishal
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is an electronic device that accepts input,


processes data, stores data, and produces output. It follows a
sequence of instructions (software) to perform tasks.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• Personal Computers (PCs) – Desktops, laptops.
• Servers – Provide services to other computers (e.g., web
servers).
• Supercomputers – High-speed processing for complex
tasks.
• Mainframe Computers: Used by big organizations for
handling massive data.
• Embedded Systems – Found in appliances, cars, and IoT
devices.
USES OF COMPUTERS
Computers are used in nearly every aspect of modern life:
Education – online learning, research, digital classrooms.
Business – accounting, communication, inventory management.
Healthcare – managing patient records, diagnostics, imaging.
Government – data management, communication, public services.
Entertainment – gaming, streaming, music production.
Science & Engineering – simulations, modeling, data
analysis.
Banking – ATMs, online banking, transaction processing.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER
SYSTEM
A computer system consists of hardware (physical
components) and software (programs and applications).
A. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
These are the physical components of the computer:
• Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone.
• Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer.
It performs calculations and carries out instructions.
a. Control Unit (CU) – directs operations.
b. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – handles math and logic.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS…CONT.
• Memory/Storage:
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – temporary memory for active
processes.
• ROM (Read-Only Memory) – stores startup instructions.
• Hard Drive/SSD – long-term storage.
• Motherboard: The main circuit board that connects all
components.
• Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts electricity to usable
power for internal components.

Motherboard Power Supply Unit


B. SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
• System Software: Manages hardware. Operating Systems
(Windows, macOS, Linux).
• Application Software: Performs specific tasks. Word processors,
browsers, games.
• Utility Programs: Maintains and protects the system. Antivirus,
disk cleanup tools.

Utility Programs
HOW DOES A COMPUTER WORKS?
Input → Data is entered via input devices.
Processing → CPU executes instructions.
Storage → Data is saved in memory/storage.
Output → Results are displayed or printed.

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