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    The Early Cold War Years

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    Crystal King
    The Cold War can be considered a series of proxy confrontations. A proxy confrontation is not a direct confrontation. After WWII, Western Europe was in ruins Sec. State G. Marshall proposed a recovery program. The plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos, not ideology.

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    The Early Cold War Years

    Uploaded by

    Crystal King
    85 views27 pages
    The Cold War can be considered a series of proxy confrontations. A proxy confrontation is not a direct confrontation. After WWII, Western Europe was in ruins Sec. State G. Marshall proposed a recovery program. The plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos, not ideology.

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    The Cold War can be considered a series of proxy confrontations. A proxy confrontation is not a direct confrontation. After WWII, Western Europe was in ruins Sec. State G. Marshall proposed a recovery program. The plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos, not ideology.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    85 views27 pages

    The Early Cold War Years

    Uploaded by

    Crystal King
    The Cold War can be considered a series of proxy confrontations. A proxy confrontation is not a direct confrontation. After WWII, Western Europe was in ruins Sec. State G. Marshall proposed a recovery program. The plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos, not ideology.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    Review from the last two classes

    Give two pieces of evidence from the decisions made during the last years of WWII that contributed to the start of the Cold War.

    How

    did differences in the ideas and values of American and Soviet society contribute to the start of the Cold War?
    How

    did the Cold War emerge after WWII?

    Distrust during the war Yalta Conference Potsdam Conference

    How did the U.S. attempt to contain Communism? Were our strategies effective?

    Proxy

    Allowing someone or something to act as

    the substitute for another.

    So what is a proxy confrontation?


    Using another person(s) or other means to achieve your

    goals
    The Cold War can be considered a series of proxy confrontations

    It helps to define a proxy confrontation by defining what it is NOT


    A proxy confrontation is NOT a direct confrontation

    Direct confrontation
    When two parties directly interact with to achieve their

    individual goals
    Ex: WWII, the war in Iraq

    Containment: U.S. policy that came from Kennans telegram to keep communism within its present territory through diplomatic, economic, and military actions

    The Long Telegram: a message from diplomat George Kennan that revealed the Soviet fears of the West and a belief in a historical struggle against Capitalism

    Crisis

    in Iran

    During WWII, U.S. and Soviet troops had

    protected supply lines in Iran- after the war the Soviets refused to leave and set up a communist government The United States demanded their withdrawal and sent a U.S. battleship to scare them off. In the end, this seemed to prove the Long Telegram was right, the Soviets were out to expand and combat capitalism and democracy

    The Truman Doctrine: President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by a communist takeover or totalitarian ideology.

    It committed America to fight communism wherever it popped up in the world.

    After WWII, Western Europe was in ruins Sec. State G. Marshall proposed a recovery program The Marshall Plan: would give European nations aid (money) to rebuild. The plan was an effort to fight hunger, poverty, and chaos, not ideology. The Soviet Union and its satellite nations rejected the offer.

    Why

    would we spend billions of dollars to help nations in Europe by developing the Marshall Plan? this really just an effort to fight poverty, hunger, and chaos?

    Was

    Giving billions in aid to Western Europe opened up new markets and made capitalism look more appealing than communism.

    By

    1948, U.S. officials believed that the Soviets were deliberately trying to sabotage the German economy In response, the United States, Great Britain, and France merged their zones in Germany and in Berlin, giving the Germans back their country.

    these became West Berlin & West Germany

    The Berlin Crisis: In June of 1948, Soviet troops stopped all road and rail traffic to West Berlin; they hoped the Americans would give up West Berlin.
    Truman responded with

    the Berlin Airlift and ordered cargo planes to deliver food, medicine, and coal to the Berliners.
    This lasted for eleven months. The idea was to stop the Soviets without provoking war.

    The Berlin situation convinced many Americans that the USSR was bent on conquest.
    The public and Congress

    supported a military alliance with Western Europe.

    The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a mutual defense alliance created to prevent Soviet attack.

    The

    Soviet response to NATO


    The Warsaw Pact: a military

    alliance in Eastern Europe; involved all the satellite nations.

    NATO and the Warsaw Pact countries

    The battle between Democracy and Communism spreads to Asia. Conflict in China: In China, Communist forces and Nationalist forces had been battling since the late 1920s.

    The

    Soviets naturally backed (sent money and military aid to) the Communist forces and the U.S. backed the Nationalists. The Communists eventually won. In October 1949, Communists set up the Peoples Republic of China (PRC)

    Americans

    were shocked (and scared) that Communism won


    to make matters worse, the Soviets had just

    developed their own atomic bomb


    The

    PRC and Soviet Union signed a treaty of alliance

    Why would the victory of Communism in China scare the U.S.?

    38th Parallel

    At the end of WWII, American and Soviet forces entered Korea to disarm Japanese troops stationed there. The Allies divided Korea at the 38th parallel of latitude.

    Soviets controlled the

    North and Americans the South.

    Thanks to the Cold war, talks to reunify Korea broke down.

    Soviet troops

    Soviet controlled Korea

    38th Parallel
    U.S. controlled Korea

    controlled the north and set up a Communist government. American troops controlled the south with an Americanbacked government. The Soviets gave military aid to the north, resulting in an expansive military. On June 25, 1950, North Korean troops invaded South Korea.

    Truman

    sees this invasion as a test of the containment policy and responds:


    He got the UN to send troops against the

    Communists in South Korea. Battles continued back and forth and even advanced as far as China
    Chinese forces naturally fought to push enemy forces back

    MacArthur

    pushes for escalation of

    the war:
    General MacArthur demanded approval

    to expand the war against China.


    Truman

    refused MacArthurs demands. MacArthur was fired after publicly criticizing the president.

    He even wanted to use atomic bombs on their cities!

    Truman was committed to fighting a limited war, a war fought to achieve a limited objective such as containing communism. By 1951 UN forces had pushed Chinese and North Koreans back across the 38th parallel. An armistice was signed July 1953.

    The

    Korean War was an important turning point in the Cold War.


    Instead of just using political pressure and

    economic aid to contain communism, the United States began a major military buildup. The Korean War expanded the Cold War beyond Europe and into Asia.

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