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    Molecular Biology 1-2: Put Together By: Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska

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    Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
    Cell Structure, Cell Parts, Bacteria, Gram Positive Gram Negative, Viruses: The images have big font size and reduced background color. Useful for smartphones, classroom and printouts.

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    Molecular Biology 1-2: Put Together By: Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska

    Uploaded by

    Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
    67 views32 pages
    Cell Structure, Cell Parts, Bacteria, Gram Positive Gram Negative, Viruses: The images have big font size and reduced background color. Useful for smartphones, classroom and printouts.

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    Molecular Biology 1-2

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    Cell Structure, Cell Parts, Bacteria, Gram Positive Gram Negative, Viruses: The images have big font size and reduced background color. Useful for smartphones, classroom and printouts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    67 views32 pages

    Molecular Biology 1-2: Put Together By: Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska

    Uploaded by

    Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska
    Cell Structure, Cell Parts, Bacteria, Gram Positive Gram Negative, Viruses: The images have big font size and reduced background color. Useful for smartphones, classroom and printouts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Molecular Biology 1-2

    put together by: Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska


    Disclaimer: I put these together for my kid for his smartphone. However, I found most images had very small type and increased the font size. I am posting it because another teacher might find this useful. The sources are given. If I have used anything illegally, write me and I will take it off.
    1

    Contents
    Cell Structure - Eukaryotes Cell Parts - Eukaryotes Bacteria
    Gram Positive / Negative

    Viruses

    Eukaryote Cell

    3 http://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/cell.html

    Eukaryote

    4
    http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell/

    Eukaryote

    5
    http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/plants/cell/

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    6
    http://endoplasmicreticulum.net/

    Golgi apparatus (GA)


    Like a post office - it packages and labels items and then sends to different parts of the cell. It primarily modifies proteins from the rough ER transport of lipids creation of lysosomes creation of polysacharides Modify, sort, and store macromolecules for cell secretion (exocytosis) In glandular (secretion) cells > 100 GA.
    7

    Golgi apparatus (GA)

    8
    http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

    Golgi apparatus (GA)

    9
    http://creationrevolution.com/2010/11/golgi-apparatus-steel-industry-of-the-simple-cell-%E2%80%93-part-6/

    Mitochondria- animals Chloroplast - plant


    Mitochondria = organelles that produce energy ATP

    Both plants and animals have mitochondria, but plants produce ATP in their chloroplasts.
    signaling,
    cellular differentiation, control of cell cycle; cell growth and death, Mitochondria have a double membrane Outer is relatively smooth; Inner is very convoluted The membrane proteins are part of cellular respiration and the synthesis of compounds, they are energy dense with ATP adenosintriphosphate).
    10

    Mitochondria- animals

    Chloroplast - plant

    11
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrion

    Chloroplast - plant

    Mitrochondria animal

    Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells conduct photosynthesis , that is the chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP. are green because they contain the chlorophyll pigment. are members of a class of organelles known as plastids.
    12

    Chloroplast - plant

    Mitrochondria animal

    13
    http://www.tutorvista.com/biology/chloroplasts

    Lysosome - animal

    Vacuoles plant

    Lysosomes are organelles They contain acid hydrolase enzymes.


    hydrolase is a digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond (breaks down polymers).

    Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris.


    Lysosomes also digest food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. The membrane around a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes to work at the 4.5 pH they require.

    14
    http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.html

    Lysosome - animal

    Phagocytosis
    Lysosome digesting food

    15
    http://apbio-werle.wikispaces.com/Cell+and+Cell+Transport+%28Ch+6-7%29

    Vacuoles - plant

    Lysosomes animals

    Vacuoles are large, liquid-filled organelles found only in plant cells, occupying up to 90% of a cell's volume and have a single membrane. Vacuole
    Their main function is as a space-filler in the cell but they also perform digestive functions similar to lysosomes.

    16
    http://www.biologycorner.com/APbiology/cellular/notes_cells2.html

    Plasma membrane = Cell membrane


    The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. Cell membrane is semi-permeable (selectively permeable) to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It consists of the lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes serve as the attachment surface for the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton.

    17

    Plasma membrane = Cell membrane

    18

    Cytoskeleton
    The cytoskeleton (CSK) is a cellular "skeleton" made out of protein. It is within a cell's cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells contain 3 main kinds of cytoskeletal filaments: microfilaments, intermediate filaments microtubules.
    19
    http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellstructure/intracellularcomponents/section1.rhtml

    20

    Bacteria Cell

    Prokaryote

    21
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cell_structure

    Bacteria
    Bacteria are divided into two major groups: Gram-negative and Gram-positive Gram-negative bacteria
    Inner membrane Thin layer of peptidoglycan in periplasmic space Outer membrane = lipopolysaccharide + protein

    22

    Bacteria
    Bacteria are divided into two major groups:
    Gram-negative and Gram-positive

    Bacteria come in 4 basic shapes:


    Baccilli (rod ) Cocci (spherical) Spirilli (spiral) Vibrios (comma)

    23

    Bacteria - Shapes

    24
    http://www.biotopics.co.uk/microbes/bacter.html

    Bacteria Gram Staining


    Gram-negative bacteria
    Inner membrane Thin layer of peptidoglycan in periplasmic space Outer membrane = lipopolysaccharide + protein

    Gram-positive bacteria
    Inner membrane Thick layer of peptidoglycan called 'wall' (causes staining) No outer membrane (usually)

    25

    Bacteria Gram Staining

    26
    http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/micro229/terry/images/micro/gramposneg.gif

    Bacteria Gram Staining


    Steps in Gram Staining
    heat fix a smear of bacterial culture apply a primary stain of crystal violet add Grams iodine solution to bind crystal violet in the cell rapid decolorization with alcohol or acetone Gram-positive cells are stained deep purple. counterstain with safranin Gram-negative cells are stained red.

    27

    Bacteria Gram Staining

    28
    http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/culture.htm

    Bacteria Gram Staining


    Reagents of Gram Staining

    Crystal violet (primary stain) Gram's Iodine solution


    (mordant that fixes crystal violet to cell wall)

    Decolorizer (e.g. ethanol) Safranin (secondary stain) Water (preferably in a squirt bottle)

    29

    Bacteria Gram Staining


    How Gram Staining Works
    2. Gram's iodine solution (iodine and potassium iodide) is added to form a complex between the crystal violet and iodine. This complex is a larger molecule than the original crystal violet stain and iodine and is insoluble in water. 3. decolorizer dehydrates the peptidoglycan layer, shrinking and tightening it. The large crystal violet-iodine complex is trapped in the thick peptidoglycan layer of Gram positive bacteria and stained. Conversely, the thin peptidoglycan layer of Gram negative cells cannot hold the crystal violet-iodine complex and the color (stain) is washed out and lost.
    30

    Virus
    Virus particles (virions)
    genetic material (DNA or RNA segment) capsid (protein coat that protects these genes) envelope (of lipids) (some virions) Flu virus

    http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/stories/2004/07/08/1831345.htm http://www.synapses.co.uk/science/fluvirus.html

    31

    Virus - Bacteriophage
    The Capsid Head. It is
    protein coat around nucleic acid. Capsid is divided into subunits called capsomeres.

    The Body - Rod shaped


    structure has retractible sheath around a central hollow core.

    The Tails At end of core is


    spiked plate with 6 tail fibers which help anchor the virus to its host.
    32
    http://www.armageddononline.org/viruses.html

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