Introduction of
Programming
P. Rambabu
Language
Language is a system of communication
used by humans, consisting of spoken,
written, or signed symbols.
It enables people to express thoughts,
ideas, emotions, and intentions.
Generally we have different types of
languages like Telugu, English, Hindi, Urdu,
Tamil, etc.. to communicate with others.
Language
These languages only for to communicate
with human beings.
If we want to communicate with computer,
these languages are unfit. Because
Computer is an electronic device, that can
understand only binary codes (0s & 1s).
So to communicate with computer, we have to
use some special languages, those languages
are nothing but programming languages.
Programming Language?
A Language, which is
useful to develop
programs is called as
Programming
Language.
Program?
A Set of instructions or a
collection of statements for
to perform a task or to
solve a problem is called as
program.
Why Programming?
To Solve Problems
Programming helps us create solutions for real-
world challenges.
Example: Developing a weather app to give daily
forecasts.
To Build Technology
All modern tech — like websites, apps, games, and
robots — is built using programming.
It’s the foundation of innovation in almost
every field.
Software?
A collection of computer
coded programs is called as
Software.
Programming Languages
by Computer Generations
1st Generation (1940s–1950s) –
Vacuum Tubes
Language Type: Machine Language (1GL)
Binary code (e.g., 10110000)
Direct hardware interaction
Fast but hard to program and debug
2nd Generation (1950s–1960s)
– Transistors
Language Type: Assembly Language (2GL)
Mnemonic codes like MOV, ADD
Hardware-specific but easier than binary
Needs an assembler to convert to machine
code
3rd Generation (1960s–1970s)
– Integrated Circuits
Language Type: High-Level Languages (3GL)
Simple English
Closer to human language (e.g., C,
FORTRAN, C++, Java)
Platform-independent (to a degree)
Requires compilers or interpreters
4th Generation (1970s–1990s)
– Microprocessors
Language Type: Very High-Level Languages
(4GL)
Designed for specific tasks (e.g., SQL,
MATLAB)
Focus on productivity and domain-specific
tasks
Highly abstracted from hardware
5th Generation (1990s–Present)
– AI and Beyond
Language Type: Declarative and AI-Oriented
(5GL)
Focus on what to solve, not how
Used in AI, machine learning (e.g., Prolog)
Logic-based, often used with other
languages
Summary Table
Generation Hardware Language Type Examples
1st Vacuum Tubes Machine Language Binary Code
(1GL)
2nd Transistors Assembly Language x86, IBM
(2GL) Assembly
3rd Integrated High-Level FORTRAN,
Circuits Languages (3GL) COBOL, C, C+
+, Java
4th Microprocessor Very High-Level (4GL) SQL, Python,
s MATLAB
5th AI & Quantum Declarative/AI (5GL) Prolog,
Tech Mercury
Translator
Concept Review
Question 1
What does a programming language help
us do?
A) Communicate with other humans
B) Solve mathematical puzzles
C) Communicate with computers
D) Translate human languages
✅ Answer: C
Question 2
Which generation of computers used
Machine Language (1GL)?
A) 2nd Generation
B) 3rd Generation
C) 1st Generation
D) 4th Generation
✅ Answer: C
Question 3
What is the main drawback of Machine
Language?
A) It is too fast
B) It is easy to debug
C) It is platform-independent
D) It is difficult to write and debug
✅ Answer: D
Question 4
Assembly Language uses:
A) Natural English sentences
B) Logic-based reasoning
C) Binary code only
D) Mnemonic codes like MOV, ADD
✅ Answer: D
Question 5
Which generation introduced High-Level
Languages like C and Java?
A) 2nd Generation
B) 3rd Generation
C) 4th Generation
D) 5th Generation
✅ Answer: B
Question 6
What is a key feature of 4th Generation
Languages (4GL)?
A) Written in binary
B) Platform-specific
C) Designed for specific tasks
D) Hardware-focused programming
✅ Answer: C
Question 7
Prolog is associated with which
generation of programming languages?
A) 3rd Generation
B) 2nd Generation
C) 4th Generation
D) 5th Generation
✅ Answer: D
Question 8
A program is defined as:
A) A binary communication tool
B) A collection of statements to solve a
problem
C) A spoken or written language
D) A type of software
✅ Answer: B
Question 9
Which of the following is NOT an example
of a 3GL language?
A) FORTRAN
B) C++
C) Java
D) SQL
✅ Answer: D
Question 10
Why is programming important according
to the file?
A) To make digital art
B) To learn new human languages
C) To solve real-world problems and build
technology
D) To avoid using compilers
✅ Answer: C
Thank you … Happy
Coding…
