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Introduction To Specialty - Computer Science: Dr. SC Ing. Boriss Misnevs

Computer science is the study of algorithms, programming, information processing, and algorithmic problem solving. An algorithm is a set of unambiguous steps to solve a task. Once an algorithm is discovered, a programming language can be used to represent it to a machine. Major developments include the earliest computers in the 1940s using vacuum tubes, the Manchester Mark 1 in the late 1940s, and personal computers in the 1970s including the Altair 8800 and the Apple Computer. The lecture concludes with quizzes on the material presented.

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Boriss Misnevs
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76 views

Introduction To Specialty - Computer Science: Dr. SC Ing. Boriss Misnevs

Computer science is the study of algorithms, programming, information processing, and algorithmic problem solving. An algorithm is a set of unambiguous steps to solve a task. Once an algorithm is discovered, a programming language can be used to represent it to a machine. Major developments include the earliest computers in the 1940s using vacuum tubes, the Manchester Mark 1 in the late 1940s, and personal computers in the 1970s including the Altair 8800 and the Apple Computer. The lecture concludes with quizzes on the material presented.

Uploaded by

Boriss Misnevs
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Specialty Computer Science

Dr. Sc Ing. Boriss Misnevs


Lecture Notes N 1_Eng_v03

Literature
Brookshear, J. Glenn. Computer Science: an overview 7th ed., Addison Wesley, 2003. 575 pp. . . , 6- . . , 2001. 686 . Angu Latvieu Krievu Informtikas Vrdnca. Avots. 2001. - 660 lpp.
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Computer Science (CS)


CS is the discipline that seeks to build a scientific foundation for such topics as
Computer design Computer programming Information processing Algorithmic solution of problems
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The Study of Algorithms


An algorithm is a set of steps that defines how a task is performed. An algorithm is an ordered set of unambiguous, executable steps that define a terminating activity
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An algorithm for performing


A machine-compatible representation of an algorithm is called a program Programs and the algorithms they represent, are collectively referred as software The machinery itself is known as hardware
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Algorithm Implementation
If we can find an algorithm that directs the performance of a task than we can construct a machine to perform this task If no algorithm exists for solving a problem, than the solution of that problem lies beyond the capability of machines

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Programming Language
Once an algorithm for solving a problem has been discovered, the next step is to represent the algorithm to a machine or to other humans. We need a programming language to transform the conceptual algorithm into a clear set of instructions and represent these instructions in unambiguous manner
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Software Engineering
Design of large computer systems involves more then the development of the individual algorithms for performing the required activities. Computer scientists have turned to the wellestablished field of engineering, which contains requirement management, system design, coding, verification, project management, personnel management etc.
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Machine Architecture
Machine design is limited by technology and thus the way we represent algorithms is also limited by the technology Internal features of a machine are often reflected in the machine external characteristics, for example, relating to data storage and retrieval
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The Science of Algorithms


Theoretical work of mathematicians began to pay dividends mathematicians had already been investigated those questions regarding algorithmic processes that advanced technologies began to raise. It is important to distinguish between Computer Science and Computer Science Application
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The Role of Abstraction


Term ABSRACTION refers to the distinction between the external properties of an entity and the details of the entitys internal composition Abstraction allows us to construct, analyze, and manage large, complex computer systems
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The History
Abacus ancient Greek and Roman civilization Pascals machine (1623-1662, France) was built to follow only the addition algorithm Leibnizs machine (1646-1716, Germany) had its algorithms firmly embedded in the architecture Babbages Analytical engine (1792-1871, England) was designed to read instructions from holes in paper cards
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The Origins of Modern Computing Machines


The abstract machines were hypothesized by mathematicians in the early 1900s. The first time the technology of vacuum tubes to construct totally electronic digital computer was implemented in AtanasoffBerry machine (from 1939 to 1941). The more powerful ENIAC was placed in operation at the Moore School in 1945.
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The Manchester Mark 1


The engineering team: Prof. F.C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill The software development: Alan Turing

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Final Specification - October 1949:


Store organised in 40-bit addressable "line"s, holding one 40-bit number or two 20-bit instructions Serial 40-bit arithmetic 2 modifier registers Single-address format order code with 26 function codes 4 pages of random access main store 32 page capacity drum backing store, 2 pages per track, about 30 milliseconds revolution time Standard instruction time: 1.8 milliseconds
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Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of Lovelase (1815-1852)


She translated from French to English a paper discussing Charles Babbages design for the Analytical Engine (based on the technology of gears) She made numerous suggestions and apparently contributed some of the examples Thus Ada Augusta is recognized today as the worlds first programmer
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Personal Computers (PC)


1975 The Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) developed Altair 8800, the first personal computer with BASIC written by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. 1976 - The Microsoft company reworks and improves BASIC to sell to other distributors such as DTC, General Electric, NCR, and Citibank. 1976 Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak designed Apple Computer first commercially viable home computer 1981 IBM introduced its first desktop computer, called the personal computer, or PC for short
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Quiz 1
Draw the table
Question No. Answer Check

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5


Select one of the following answers: I yes, - no, not known
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Question 1.1
Is it true that electronic computers were implemented in the second part of the XX century?

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Question 1.2
Is it true that computers traditionally have strong relations to mathematics?

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Question 1.3
Is it true that Bill Geits is the father of PC ?

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Question 1.4
Is J. Glenn Brookshear the author of your textbook Computer Science: an overview?

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Question 1.5
Will you complete the written test on Introduction to Specialty successfully?

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Quiz 1(correct answers)


Check you answers and mark correct answers by + Question No. Answer Check

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

I I

Please, count and write in the total number of correct answers!


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Directions of Computer Science - 1


1. 2. 3. 4. Algorithms and Data Structures Programming Languages Computer Architecture Operating Systems and Computer Networks 5. Software Engineering 6. Databases and Information Retrieval Systems
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Directions of Computer Science - 2


7. Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 8. Computer Graphics 9. Human-Computer Interaction 10. Computational Mathematics 11. Application Informatics 12. Bioinformatics
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Bioinformatics

Creation and maintenance of databases of biological information Finding the genes in the DNA (the molecule that encodes genetic information) sequences of various organisms Developing methods to predict the structure and/or function of newly discovered proteins and structural RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequences etc.
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Quiz 2
Question No. Answer Check

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5


Please, count and write in the total number of correct answers!
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Question 2.1
Is it true that Tom Kilburn was The father of Manchester Mark 1 computer?

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Question 2.2
Is it true that computation geometry creates in the bases of the Computer Graphics?

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Question 2.3
Is it true that the topic Programming languages covers large program systems development?

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Question 2.4
Is it true that genetic algorithms are investigated under the topic Artificial Intelligence?

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Question 2.5

Does the abbreviation HCI stand for High Circle Integrity?


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Quiz 2 (correct answers)


Check you answers and mark correct answers by + Question No. Answer Check

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

I I I -

Please, count and write in the total number of correct answers!


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The subject structure


Lectures 32 hours (Computer Science Overview) Practice classes 18 hours (Word, Excel, Power Point, Internet, E-mail, Service applications 5 Assignments). Final Written Test

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