General
Module 1: Functions – Lesson 1
Mathematics
TODAY’S
AGENDA
• Definition of terms
• Functions as Models
• Type of Graphs
• Generalization/Conclusion/Q and A Session
Relation and
Functions
Objectives
1. Represents
real – life
situations
using
functions.
RELATIO
• A relation is also a set of ordered pairs (x, y).
•Relates values from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values (called
N
the range).
•The elements of the domain can be imagined as
input to generate one or more outputs.
FUNCTIO
• Is a relation where each element in the domain
is related to only one value in the range.
• The elements of the domain can be imagined
N
as input that corresponds to only one output.
• A function is a set of ordered pairs (x, y) such
that no two ordered pairs have the same x-
value but different y-values.
Exampl
e1
●What is the
domain?
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
What is the range?
{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
Exampl
Inpu 4 –5 0 9 –1
e2
Outp –2 7
ut
●What is the
domain?
{4, -5, 0, 9, -1}
●What is the range?
{-2, 7}
Focus on the
x-coordinates,
when given a
relation. If the set of ordered
Is a pairs have different
x-coordinates,
it IS A function.
relation
If the set of ordered
pairs have same
x-coordinates, it is
NOT a function.
a
Y-coordinates
have no bearing
in determining
function
functions.
Exampl
e3
Is this a function?
Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
YES
Exampl
e4
Is this a function?
Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
NO
Function can be represented in
different ways.
1. Ordered Pairs
2. Mapping Diagram
3. Table of values
4. Graph and Equation
Representation of Ordered
Pairs
𝑓 ={( 1 , 2 ) , ( 2 ,2 ) , ( 3 , 5 ) ,( 4 , 5)
𝑓 ={( 1 , 3 ) , ( 1 , 4 ) , ( 2 , 5 ) , ( 2 ,6 ) ,(3 , 7)}
LET’S TRY THIS!
1.{(4,1),(3,1), (0,3), (-7,5)}F
2.{(2,3),(4,-3), (5,9), (3,2)}
3.{(2,4),(2,1), (3,6), (3,8)}NF
F
4.{(1,3),(4,2), (6,8), (-4,7)}
5.{(4,1),(4,3), (2,8), (1,9)}
F
NF
Function can also be
expressed as a
correspondence or mapping
of two non empty sets.
Function as
Mapping
One is to One Many to One One is to Many
Exampl
e
YES
YES
Table of values is commonly
observed when describing a function
this shows the correspondence
between a set of values of x and a set
of values of y in tabular form.
Function as Table of
values
x 0 1 4 9 16
y -5 -4 -1 4 11
x -1 -1/4 0 1/4 1
y -1 -1/2 0 1/2 1
Exampl
e
YES
NO YES
Recall that in a function, every value of the
independent variable, say x, corresponds to
unique value of the dependent variable y.
Vertical Line Test: a relation is a function if a
vertical line drawn through its graph, passes
through only one point.
AKA: “The Pencil Test”
Take a pencil and move it from
left to right (–x to x); if it crosses more
than one point, it is not a function
Exampl
Would this
graph be a
e1
function?
YE
S
Exampl
e3
YES YES NO
Exampl
Would this
graph be a
e2
function?
N
O
1. The items in a store to their
prices on a certain date.
There is only one price for each
different item on a certain date. The
relation from items to price makes it a
function.
Which 2. Types of fruits to their colors.
situation A fruit, such as an apple, from the
domain would be associated with more
represents than one color, such as red and green.
a function? The relation from types of fruits to their
colors is not a function.
A jeepney
Example: Identify and its plate
whether the number.
A student
relationship that and its ID
exists between each A teacher number.
of the following and his
cellular
pairs indicates a phone. A pen and
function or not. the color of
its ink
Types of
Function
and their
Graphs
1. Linear
Function
A polynomial whose degrees
is one. The graph of any linear
function is a straight line.
2. Identity
Function
A linear function defined by
y = x whose graph bisects the
first and the third quadrant.
3. Quadratic
Function
A polynomial whose degree is
2. Any quadratic function has
a graph which is called a
parabola.
4. Cubic
Function
A polynomial whose degree
is 3.
5. Constant
Function
A polynomial function whose
degree is 0. This is in the form
y = a, where a is any real
number. The graph of a constant
function is a horizontal line
which is a units away from the
x-axis.
6. Rational
Function
Two polynomial functions
express as a quotient.
Generalizati
Characteristics of a function from set X to set Y
• Each element of X must be assigned to ONLY ONE
element of Y
• Some elements of Y may not be an image of an
on
element X
• Two or more elements of X may be assigned to the
same element of Y.
• An element of X cannot be assigned to two or more
different elements in Y
Question
s?
Clarificatio
Violent ns?
reactions?
Question # 1
Differentiate function from
relation. Questi
Question # 2 on of
What is the other term of
“x” and “y” in a relation? the
Question # 3
How do we represent a day!
function? Give at least one
and explain.
Question of the
day!
Question # 4
When can we say that a
relation is a function or not?
Question # 5
Does the diagram below illustrate
a function? Why or why not?
• Not every
relation is a
function.
Conclusi • Every function
on is a relation.
Have a
great
day!
