Scribd
Upload
1 views23 pages

Multivibrator Rahul

The document provides an overview of multivibrators, which are electronic circuits used for various two-state systems like oscillators, timers, and flip-flops. It classifies multivibrators into three types: astable, monostable, and bistable, detailing their operations, characteristics, and applications. Each type serves specific functions in electronics, with astable multivibrators generating continuous square waves, monostable multivibrators acting as timers, and bistable multivibrators functioning as memory devices.

Uploaded by

priyanka manjhu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1 views23 pages

Multivibrator Rahul

The document provides an overview of multivibrators, which are electronic circuits used for various two-state systems like oscillators, timers, and flip-flops. It classifies multivibrators into three types: astable, monostable, and bistable, detailing their operations, characteristics, and applications. Each type serves specific functions in electronics, with astable multivibrators generating continuous square waves, monostable multivibrators acting as timers, and bistable multivibrators functioning as memory devices.

Uploaded by

priyanka manjhu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

BABY HAPPY MODERN PG

COLLEGE,HANUMANGARH
• Presented by :
RAHUL SOLANKI

Submitted to : PHYSICS
DEPARTMENT
MULTIVIBRATOR...
• A multivibrator is an electronic circuit which is
used to implement a variety of two-state sytems
such as oscillator,timer and flip-flop.

• It is characterized by two amplifying devices


(transistors, electron tubes or other devices).
• It has two states low “0” and high “1”.
CLASSIFICATION

MULTIVIBRATORS

ASTABLE BISTABLE MONOSTABLE


CONTINUE...
- Three types :
1. Astable – neither state is stable.
Application – oscillator etc.

2. Monostable – One of the state is


stable, but other is not.
Application – timer etc.

3. Bistable – it remains stable in either state


indefinitely.
Application – flip-flop etc.
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

• An Astable Multivibrator or a Free Running Multivibrator


is the multivibrator which has no stable states. Its output
oscillates continuously between its two unstable states
without the aid of external triggering. This continual
switching action from “HIGH” to “LOW” and “LOW” to
“HIGH” produces a continuous square wave output
whose time period of each states are determined by
Resistor Capacitor ( RC ) time constant.
CONTINUE....

1). It consists of two amplifying devices cross coupled by resistors


and capacitors.
2). Typically R1=R4, R2=R3, C1=C2 and R2>>>R1
OPERATION...
• The circuit operation would be easy to understand if it is
remembered that due to feedback
• IT HAS TWO STATES :
1. WHEN TR1 IS OFF, TR2 IS ON
2. WHEN TR1 IS ON ,TR2 IS OFF

>> Switching time between one state to another is given by below:

T=1.38RC

>> Frequency of oscillation

F=0.7/RC
CONTINUE....
>> WHEN DC POWER SUPPLY VCC APPLIED TO THE CIRCUIT ONE OF
THE TRANSISTOR WILL START CONDUCTING
>> Since TR1 is in saturation whole of VCC drops across R1 Since A is at
0V C2 starts to charge through R2 towards VCC.
>> When voltage across C2 rises sufficiently.
>> VCC decreases and becomes almost zero when TR2 gets saturated. The
potential of point B decreases from VCC to almost 0V. This potential
decrease (negative swing) is applied to the base of Q1through C1.
Consequently, TR1 is pulled out of saturation and is soon driven to
cut- off.

>> Since, now point B is at 0V, C1starts charging through R1towards


the target voltage VCC.
>> When voltage of C1increases sufficiently. TR1 becomes forward-
biased and starts conducting. In this way the whole cycle is
repeated.
WAVEFORM
APPLICATION...
• Astable multivibrators are used in amateur radio
equipment to receive and transmit radio signals.
Astable multivibrators are also used in morse
code generators,timers and system that require
a square wave,Including television broadcasts
and analog circuits.
• Astable multivibrators are used in the
applications like pulse position modulation,
frequency modulation, etc. as they are simple,
reliable and easy to construct.
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
• Monostable multivibrator is also called one shot or
single swing or single shot multivibrator.
• In monostable multivibrator there is one stable state and
one astable state. This multivibrator need a trigger
(external signal) to enter into the astable state and get
back to the stable state after some time period. The time
period will be set by the user, the monostable
multivibrator is mainly used as timer.
Circuit diagram...

• It has a energy storage element.


• It requires a external triggering pulse.
Circuit operation...
• When there is no external trigger to the circuit the one transistor will
be in saturation state and other will be in cutoff state. Q1 is in cutoff
mode and put at negative potential until the external trigger to
operate, Q2 is in saturation mode.

Once the external trigger is given to the input Q1 will get turn on
and when the Q1 reaches the saturation the capacitor which is
connected to the collector of Q1 and base of Q2 will make transistor
Q2 to turn off. This is state of turn off Q2 transistor is called astable
stable or quasi state.

When capacitor charges to VCC the Q2 will turn on again and


automatically Q1 is turn off. So the time period for charging of
capacitor through the resistor is directly proportional to the quasi or
astable state of multivibrator when a external trigger occurred (t=0.69RC).
Waveform...
Application...
Monostable multibrators produce a perfect square
wave at their output as their output is not concerned with
the charging of the capacitor. These are almost half the
size of the astable multivibrators and are simple in
design and inexpensive. As a result, they are extensively
used as timers, delay circuits, gated circuits, frequency dividers, etc.
and also to generate fixed-duration pulses sensitive to some external
event, to control the frequency of the analog circuit's output, to
synchronize the line and frame rate of television broadcasts, to
regenerate old and worn out pulses in telecommunication and
computer systems and to moderate the tunes of various octaves in
the case of electronic organs.
Bistable multivibrator
• It is also called flip-flop multivibrator. It has two
absolutely stable state. It can remain in either of
these two states unless an external trigger pulse
switches it from one state to other. Obviously it
does not oscillate. It has no energy storage
element.
• This type of circuit is also known as “bistable
latch”, “Toggle latch” or simply T-latch.
• Such a circuit is important as the fundamental
building block of a resistor or memory devices.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM...
Circuit diagram...

• It has no energy storage element.


• Single pole double throw switches feed power (SPDT) from a single source
into two separate circuits.
• It requires two external triggering pulses.
Circuit operation
• To change the stable state of the binary
it is necessary to apply an appropriate
pulse in the circuit, which will try to bring
both the transistors to active region and
the resulting regenerative feedback will
result on the change of state.
• Triggering may be of two following
types:
1. Asymmetrical triggering
2. Symmetrical triggering
CONTINUE...

• Rest of the operation of circuit is alike


monostable multivibrator except it requires
two external triggering pulse to change the
stable state
WAVEFORM...
Application...
• Bistable multivibrators have many
application such as frequency
dividers,counters or as a storage device in
computer memories but they are best
used in circuits such as Latches and
Counters.
THANK YOU

You might also like