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Wireless Networking: Submitted by Simarpreet Aulakh 513044639 ECE (7 Sem)

Wireless networking involves radio signals at the physical layer to transmit data, with the data format controlling higher layers. A cellular telephone system provides coverage over a territory through multiple connected base stations and a mobile switching center. Wireless networks allow mobility but have drawbacks like limited bandwidth, coverage, and higher initial costs than wired networks.

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65 views20 pages

Wireless Networking: Submitted by Simarpreet Aulakh 513044639 ECE (7 Sem)

Wireless networking involves radio signals at the physical layer to transmit data, with the data format controlling higher layers. A cellular telephone system provides coverage over a territory through multiple connected base stations and a mobile switching center. Wireless networks allow mobility but have drawbacks like limited bandwidth, coverage, and higher initial costs than wired networks.

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Sumeet Sharma A
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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WIRELESS NETWORKING

SUBMITTED BY SIMARPREET AULAKH 513044639 ECE(7TH SEM)

INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKING


Moving data through a wireless network involves three separate elements: 1. radio signals 2. data format 3. network structure In terms of the OSI reference model: radio signal operates at the physical layer, and the data format controls several higher layers .The network structure includes the wireless network interface adapters and base stations that send and receive the radio signals. .

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM

CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM


It provides coverage throughout a particular territory called a coverage region. Inter connection of many such networks forms a complete wireless network 50 users per cell

100 base stations per MSC

CONTD.
It consists of a number of base stations. These base stations are connected to a central hub called MSC (mobile switching centre). MSC provides connectivity between PSTN and the base stations.

PSTN (public switched telephone network) forms a global telecommunication grid which connects landline telephone switching centers with MSCs throughout the world.

CONTD.
To connect mobile subscribers with the base stations ,radio links are established using communication protocol called CAI (common air interface) . CAI is a handshake protocol. It provides channel reliability for proper transfer of data. Each base station may handle on order of 50 simultaneous calls ,a typical MSC connects as many as 100 base stations to PSTN.

DIFFERENCES B/W WIRELESS & FIXED TELEPHONE NETWORKS


Fixed Networks (PSTN)
1.Highly static as their configuration can only be changed when subscriber changes residence.

Wireless Network

1.Highly dynamic as their network configuration can be rearranged every time a subscriber moves into a coverage region of different base station . 2.High bandwidth possible 2.Meager RF bandwidth (fiber Optic or coaxial) 3. Wireless networks can easily provided for each user. 3. fixed networks are difficult reconfigure themselves to change

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)

ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS NETWORKS


Freedom of Mobility wireless users can access to real-time information in most areas inside the campus. This mobility and convenience are not possible or very hard to achieve with wired networks. Fast and Easy Installation Installing wireless networks is comparatively fast and easy, and we can eliminate the need to lay cables through walls and ceilings. Installation Flexibility and Scalability Using wireless technology, we can extend the campus network to those areas which are hard for cables to reach. In some circumstances, we need additional or temporary network points at some locations where wiring is not appropriate for specific functions. With WLAN, network installation can be easy and instant without the need to physically lay cables through floors and ceilings.

DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS NETWORKS


High initial cost The initial cost of wireless devices is much higher than that of the traditional network devices. For example, a WLAN card costs 3 to 10 times more than that of a wired LAN card. Limited bandwidth Due to the limited bandwidth provided and the fact that many users share the same bandwidth, WLAN is not suitable for bandwidth intensive applications such as multimedia and video applications. Limited coverage In our environment, the coverage of a single Access Point (AP) is about 10 - 50 meters in radius in a closed office depending on the barriers and partitions used. More APs have to be installed to cover larger area.

Complex set up wireless networks have complex set up as they need air interface between base stations and subscribers and to assure adequate coverage area deployment of many base-stations is required.
Hostile and random nature As the wireless system grows the switching burden on MSC increases. Extra overhead is needed by all aspects of wireless networks to ensure seamless communication because geographical location of mobile users changes constantly.

TRANSPORT ARCHTECTURE USED IN ALL FIRST GEN. SYSTEMS

FIRST GEN. CELLULAR RADIO NETWORK

FIRST GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS


These are based on analog technology. All first gen. cellular systems use FM modulation while the cordless systems use a single base station to communicate with single portable terminal. AMPS (advanced mobile phone services) system is typically a first gen. system.

EXPLANATION
TDM is used for digitizing the speech signals. This system includes MSCs,mobile terminals and base stations. MSC maintains all mobile related information, controls each mobile handoff and also performs all network management functions like call handling and processing,billing and fraud detection. MSC and PSTN are interconnected via landline trunked lines and a tandem switch. MSCs are also connected with other MSCs via dedicated signaling channels.

CONTD.
When a mobile users phone is activated but is not involved in a call, it monitors strongest control channel in vicinity.

When the user roams into a new market covered by a different service provider ,wireless network must register the user in new area and cancel its registration with previous service provider so that calls may be routed to roamer.

SECOND GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS


They employ digital modulation and advanced call processing capabilities . Various examples of these systems are GSM,TDMA,CDMA,PACS etc.
The new network architectures of 2nd gen networks have reduced computational burden of MSC.

CONTD.
All second gen systems use digital voice coding and digital modulation. They employ dedicated control channels within the air interface for simultaneously exchanging voice and control information bet subscriber ,base station and MSC while a call is in process. These have been designed to provide paging ,fax and high data rate network access. Mobile assisted handoff process (MAHO) is used in second gen systems. Their mobile units perform power reporting ,data encoding , encryption etc.

THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS


They provide a single set of standards that can meet a wide range of wireless applications and provide universal access throughout the world. In these systems, the difference bet cordless and cellular phones will disappear and a universal personal handset will provide access to variety of communication services.

UMTS is typical example of third gen systems.

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