Course Name

CS3391 – Object Oriented Programming Language

YEAR/SEM : II/III
FACULTY NAME : T.Abitha kujalambal
DEPARTMENT : CSE
 UNIT I

INTRODUCTION TO OOP AND JAVA

Overview of OOP – Object oriented programming paradigms – Features of Object Oriented Programming – Java
Buzzwords – Overview of Java – Data Types, Variables and Arrays –Operators – Control Statements –
Programming Structures in Java – Defining classes in Java- Constructors- Methods -Access specifiers - Static
members- Java Doc comments.

Text Books:

1.Herbert Schildt, “Java: The Complete Reference”, 11 th Edition, McGraw Hill Education,
New Delhi, 2019.

2. Herbert Schildt, “Introducing JavaFX 8 Programming”, 1st Edition, McGraw Hill

Education, New Delhi, 2015.
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA :

JAVA-Advanced oops Language .

Object oriented programming language everything deals with object .
 Java is a Simple Programming Language .
 Java is a Class Based object Oriented Programming .
 Java is a widely-used, high-level programming language .

Concepts Of Object Oriented Programming :

Or
Features Of Object Oriented Programming :

Class Object Encapsulation Polymorphism

Class: A class is a blueprint or template for creating
objects.
Object: An object is an instance of a class.

Encapsulation :
Abstraction – hiding the complex implementation details
of a class .
Hiding of data is known as data abstraction.
Polymorphism: representing one form in multiple
forms is known as Polymorphism.
Java Buzzwords Or Java Features :

Simple
Object Oriented
Platform Independence
Architecture Neural
Portable
Robust(strong)
Secure
Dynamic
Multithreaded
Distributed
Interpreter
High Performance
Overview of java :
 Java is platform independent because it is compiled to a bytecode that can be run on any device
that has a java virtual machine .This means that you can write a java program on one Platform
(such as Windows )and then run it on a different (such as macos or linux )without making any
changes to the code .
 Java is a versatile and widely-used programming language that was originally developed by Sun
Microsystems (now owned by Oracle) in the mid-1990s.

How its works :

Java Excepted
Compiler Byte code Jvm
program output
Java Tokens :
Keywords
Identifiers
Constants
Operators
Separators

1.Keywords :
 Keywords are special words which are used to recognize Structure Of Program
 Each keyword having specific Task.
 Most of the keywords are present Import ,class , void ,Try, Catch ,do ,for ,while ,if ,short ,int ,char ,float
,double ,long, break ,Continue, Default, else ….etc.
2.Identifiers :
 Identifiers are user defined names
Rules :
2.1 Must start with a letter (a-z or A-Z), currency character ($) or underscore (_).
2.2 Can be followed by letters, digits (0-9), currency characters, or underscores.
2.3 Cannot contain spaces or special characters like @, #, *, etc. (except $ and _).
Datatypes Variables ,and Arrays :

Datatypes

Primitive datatypes

Non Primitive datatype

Primitive data types : Integer ,Byte ,short ,int ,long ,float ,double ,char ,Boolean.
Non –primitive datatypes : class, string ,Array .
 Integers :
Name Width Range
Byte 8 -128 to 127

Short 16 -32,768 to 32,767

Int 32 -2,147,483,648
to2,147,483,647

Long 64 -9,223,372,036,854,775,808
to9,223,372,036,854,775,807
Floating Point Types:

Name Width in bits Range

Float 32 1.4e-0.45 to 3.4e+038
Double 64 4.9e-324 to1.8e+308
Variables in Java :

 Variable is an identifier which holds data or another one variable is an

identifier whose value can be changed at the execution time of
program.
 Variable is an identifier which can be used to identify input data in a
program.
Arrays in Java :
Arrays are commonly used for storing data and manipulating data in programming languages.
arrays are used to store multiple values of the same type under a single variable name.
Types of Array in Java:
There are two types of array in Java.
•Single Dimensional Array
•Multidimensional Array
Example Of Array :

public class ArrayEx

{ excepted Output:
public static void main(String []args)
{ 10
int arr[] = {10,20,30}; 20
for (int i=0; i < arr.length; i++)
{ 30
System.out.println(arr[i]);
}}
}
Operators in java :
Java, operators are special symbols used to perform
operations on variables and values.
Types of operators:
 Arithmetic Operators
Bitwise Operators
Relational Operators
Logical operators
Arithmetic Operators:
These operators are used to perform basic arithmetic operations:
•+ : Addition
•- : Subtraction
•* : Multiplication
•/ : Division
•% : Modulus (remainder)
Example:
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int sum = a + b; // 15
int difference = a - b; // 5
int product = a * b; // 50
int quotient = a / b; // 2
int remainder = a % b; // 0
Bitwise Operators :

These operators are used to perform bit-level operations:

•& : Bitwise AND
•| : Bitwise OR
•^ : Bitwise XOR
•~ : Bitwise NOT
•<< : Left shift
•>> : Right shift
•>>> : Unsigned right shift
Example of Bitwise operators :

int a = 5; // 0101 in binary

int b = 3; // 0011 in binary
int result; result = a & b; // 0001 (1)
result = a | b; // 0111 (7)
result = a ^ b; // 0110 (6)
result = ~a; // 1010 (in 2's complement, it is -6)
result = a << 1; // 1010 (10) result = a >> 1; // 0010 (2) r
esult = a >>> 1; //
Relational operators

These operators are used to compare two values:

•== : Equal to
•!= : Not equal to
•> : Greater than
•< : Less than
•>= : Greater than or equal to
•<= : Less than or equal to
Examples Of Relational Operators :

int a = 10;
int b = 5;
Boolean result; result = (a == b); // false
result = (a != b); // true
result = (a > b); // true
result = (a < b); // false
result = (a >= b); // true
result = (a <= b); // false
Logical Operators:
These operators are used to combine multiple boolean expressions:
•&& : Logical LAND
•|| : Logical OR
•! : Logical NOT
Example:
boolean a = true;
boolean b = false;
boolean result;
result = a && b; // false
result = a || b; // true
result = !a; // false
Control Statement In Java:
Structure Of Java Programming :
Import java.io.*-package details
Class class name - -class demo
Void main()-user defined method
{
Block of statements;
}

Package –Package is a collection of class .

Class: class is a keyword ,user defined data type every program must be start with class .
Block of statements :represents set of executable statements .
Example of java hello world program:
Class message
{
Public Static void main(string[] args)
{
System.out .println(“hello world”);
}
}
Excepted Output:
Hello world
Compiling The Program: Classname.java-message.java
Constructors in java :
 Constructor is a special method used to initialize objects.
 Constructors have the same name as the class name constructor do not have the return type.

• Default constructor does not take

Default any arguments
• If no Constructor java automatically
constructor provides default constructor.

• Parameterized constructor takes

Parameterized arguments to initialize objects
attribute with specific values.
constructor
Static Members in java :
 Static Members are those which belongs to the class and you can access these members without
instantiating the class .
 The Static keyword can be used with methods fields ,classes (inner ,nested ,blocks ).

Static method :
 You Can create a static method by using the keyword static .
 Can be called without the help of an object .
 With the help of object
 Can be called with class name .
Example of static methods :
Static Variable :
 The static fields have the same value in all Instances of the class these are the class is loaded for the first time.
 Just like static methods you can access specific fields using the class (without instantiation)
Example:
Static Blocks :
 These are a block of codes with a static keyword .
 In a general these are used to Initialize the static members.
 Jvm Executes static blocks before the main method at the time of class loading static .
Java Doc comments :

Basic Structure:
•Javadoc comments start with /** and end with */.
•Each line inside the comment starts with a *.

Tags:
@param-for parameters of a method
@return-for the return of a method
@throws or Exception-for exception that a method can throw
@see-for reference to related methods or classes
@since-to indicate when a method or was added.