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Day 2

The document outlines a Python Basics training session focused on mutable vs immutable types, namespaces, and garbage collection. It covers key concepts such as memory behavior, namespace hierarchy, and manual memory management using the gc module. The session includes hands-on coding activities and aims to enhance understanding of these fundamental Python topics.

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radhikagawali102
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4 views12 pages

Day 2

The document outlines a Python Basics training session focused on mutable vs immutable types, namespaces, and garbage collection. It covers key concepts such as memory behavior, namespace hierarchy, and manual memory management using the gc module. The session includes hands-on coding activities and aims to enhance understanding of these fundamental Python topics.

Uploaded by

radhikagawali102
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Basics

Namespaces & Garbage Collection


Agenda – Python Basics - Day 2

• Introduction
• Recap
• Mutable vs Immutable Types
• Namespaces in Python
• Garbage Collection & gc Module
• Visual Walkthrough and Examples
• Hands-on Coding Activity
• Q&A and Wrap-up
Learning Objectives

By the end of this session, you will understand:


• Distinguish between mutable and immutable data types and
their memory behavior
• Understand Python's namespace hierarchy and scope
resolution
• Apply manual memory management techniques using the gc
module
Mutable vs Immutable Types

Technical Definition
• Mutability refers to whether an object's state can be modified after
creation. This property directly impacts memory allocation, performance,
and program behavior.
Key Technical Points:
• Memory Allocation Behavior: Immutable objects create new memory
locations when modified; mutable objects modify existing memory locations
• Reference Semantics: Mutable objects can have multiple references
pointing to the same memory location, leading to shared state changes
Mutable vs Immutable Types

• Immutable Types:
Data types whose value cannot be changed after creation. Examples:
int, float, str, tuple.
• Mutable Types:
Data types that allow in-place modification. Examples: list, dict, set.
• Key Point:
Variable assignment points to memory references. Mutable objects can
be changed without altering the reference.
Mutable vs Immutable Types
# Immutable
x=5
print(id(x))
x = 10
print(id(x)) # id changes

# Mutable
lst = [1, 2, 3]
print(id(lst))
lst.append(4)
print(id(lst)) # id remains same
Namespaces in Python

Technical Definition
• A namespace is a mapping from names to objects, implemented as a dictionary.
Python maintains multiple namespaces simultaneously to resolve variable names
according to the LEGB rule.
Key Technical Points:
• Namespace Hierarchy: Python maintains separate namespaces for built-in, global,
enclosing, and local scopes
• Name Resolution: The interpreter searches namespaces in LEGB order (Local →
Enclosing → Global → Built-in)
Types of Namespaces: x = "global"
• Built-in Namespace: Contains built-in functions
and exceptions (e.g., len, ValueError).
• Global Namespace: Contains names defined at def outer():
the top-level of a script or module. x = "enclosing"
• Local Namespace: Created inside functions and
def inner():
holds local variable names.
• Enclosing Namespace: Exists in nested x = "local"
functions, containing names from outer functions.
print("Inner:",
x)
inner()
print("Outer:", x)

outer()
print("Global:", x)
Garbage Collection & gc Module
Technical Definition
• Garbage Collection is Python's automatic memory management system that
deallocates objects no longer referenced by the program. It uses reference
counting combined with cycle detection.
Key Technical Points:
• Reference Counting: Python tracks the number of references to each
object; when count reaches zero, memory is immediately freed
• Cycle Detection: A separate algorithm detects and breaks circular
references that reference counting cannot handle
gc Module
• Helps in debugging memory leaks and checking for reference cycles.
Q&A
THANK YOU

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