Web Development

Tools used for website development

The most popular tools used for HTML coding

are
Visual Studio Code,
Atom,
Notepad++,
Sublime Text,
Netbeans,
Adobe Dreamweaver CC, etc.
 Top Development Tools

GitHub.
Chrome Developer Tools.
Sublime Text.
Marvel.
Visual Studio Code.
Node Package Manager (npm)
Sass.
Bootstrap.
 Language used for website development

HTML is the main computer language used in

the creation of websites. If planning on
creating a site from scratch, it's important to
know the basics. Various free online websites,
such as W3Schools and HTMLGoodies, offer
comprehensive information on how to get
started with HTML.
Best programming languages for web development
 HTML
 CSS
 JavaScript
 Python
 Java
 Typescript
 Objective C
 C++
 SQL
 PHP
 C#
 Angular
 Ruby Rails
 Golang
 Scala
 HTML

HTML or Hypertext Markup Language is the

foundation of web development that every
developer needs to be familiar with.
it is the 2nd most commonly used language in
2020, according to a survey by Stack
Overflow. Although it is not a full-fledged
programming language, it is the standard
language used to create web pages.
Features
HTML provides the structure for the web pages and is
responsible for the proper formatting of text and
images.
It allows the use of templates so designing a webpage
can be done easily.
It is lightweight and fast.
Pros
Quite easy to learn and implement.
Supported by every browser.
Free and accessible.
Cons
Static language, so not possible to create dynamic
pages.
Need to write a lot of code for developing a simple web
page.
 CSS

Like HTML, CSS is another basic language

that every developer must know.
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is
often used with HTML to govern the style of a
webpage.
The combination of HTML and CSS is called
the mother of all programming languages.
 The size, color, and positions of all elements
in a web page are determined by CSS.
Features
It has a cascading style, meaning throughout a
webpage, an applied style will cascade down from
parent to child.
It supports responsive web design.
CSS upholds consistency due to its cascading nature.
Pros
Simple and beginner-friendly.
Improves page loading speed.
Simplifies customization of web pages.
Cons
Possibility of cross-browser issues.
Confusion due to multiple levels like CSS, CSS2, and
CSS3.
 JavaScript

Stack Overflow’s 2020 Developer Survey records

JavaScript as the most commonly used
programming language in the world.
One of the reasons for its popularity is that it can
be used for both frontend and backend web
development.
It is used to add behavior and interactivity to web
pages and also includes several libraries and
frameworks.
JavaScript is a favorite choice of developers to
create dynamic web elements like clickable
buttons or animated graphics
Features
It is a lightweight programming language.
The syntax is simple and easy to learn.
Besides web development, it can be used for
developing mobile apps, games, and web servers.
Pros
JavaScript is very fast.
Easy to integrate with other languages.
It is simple and versatile.
Cons
No multiple inheritance support.
Less secure compared to other languages.
 Python

An open-source language that is easy to learn

and use, Python is one of the most popular
languages used for web development. For
beginners as well as experienced
programmers, Python is an ideal choice.
 It is used for backend development, data
science, web app development, and
automation.
It has a huge collection of standard libraries,
which makes programming using Python
easier for developers.
Features
 It has dynamic typing capabilities which makes it easy for
developers to create complex websites that need constant
content changes.
 It is an efficient backend web development language and
integrates with other programming languages like C, C#, and
Java.
 It can be associated with popular web development
frameworks like Django and Flask to create web-based
applications.
Pros
 OOP characteristics simplify programming.
 Extensively scalable.
 Emphasizes code readability.
Cons
 Interpreted programming language, hence slow.
 Not suitable for developing mobile applications.
 Java

In 1990, Sun Microsystems developed Java to

add features to the C++ language. It was
built on the Write Once Run
Anywhere principle. Today, it is owned by
Oracle and is one of the most widely used
backend languages for web development.
It follows the OOP concepts, has open-source
feature-rich libraries, and is a good language
to learn due to its moderate learning curve
and high productivity.
Features
Java supports multithreading so multiple threads can
be executed concurrently implying maximum CPU
utilization.
It supports vertical and horizontal scaling with only
slight code changes.
It can handle massive amounts of data and is highly
secure.
Pros
Easy to learn, write, and debug
It is portable
It is robust and versatile
Cons
It consumes more memory
Slow compared to languages like C or C++
 Typescript

An open-source programming language

introduced by Microsoft in 2012, Typescript
is one of the most wanted programming
languages for web development according to
GitHub.
 It is similar to JavaScript in syntax and
semantics and is often called JavaScript++.
Being more powerful than JavaScript,
Typescript supports the development of
enterprise-level applications with large
codebases.
Features
Has several inbuilt debugging tools that make
development simple
It is a type-safe language, hence type-related errors
are reduced
Supported by Visual Studio Code, Microsoft’s free
code editor.
Pros
Cross-platform and cross browser compatibility
Supports OOP concepts
Increased code readability
Cons
Typescript code needs to be transpiled to Javascript
code before running
Requires additional learning over Javascript
 Objective C

Objective C or C is a simple and general-

purpose language that was developed in
1972.
It is a popular language and often one of the
first choices of programmers who are
beginning to step into the development
domain.
 Objective C is majorly used to code for the
iOS operating system.
Features
Supports dynamic typing and therefore has excellent
flexibility
Used with Cocoa or Cocoa Touch framework
Supports dynamic memory allocation
Pros
Super easy to learn
Fast, powerful, and flexible
Can perform complex calculations
Cons
Error detection is difficult
Does not support OOP concepts
 C++

An extension of Objective C, C++ is a middle-

level programming language that was
developed in 1980
 It is a simple language and is quite useful
and easy for beginners to handle.
C++ supports features like object-oriented
programming, exception handling, and type
checking.
Features
Supports OOP concepts like abstraction,
inheritance, and encapsulation.
Has a robust standard library
Quick and efficient compiling mechanism
Pros
Simple and portable
Highly scalable
Large community support
Cons
No automatic garbage collection
Complexities associated with pointers
 SQL

SQL, or Structured Query Language, is a

standard database language that is used in
combination with another programming
language.
 It is used to manipulate databases.
It comes third in the list of most used
programming languages by Stack Overflow,
with more than 50% of developers using SQL
for programming.
Features
It is used to create, read, update and delete
records in databases.
It is widely used in business intelligence tools.
SQL has a simple syntax.
Pros
It is easily accessible.
It is highly functional.
It is portable.
Cons
It works well only with small databases.
Scaling is expensive and time-consuming.
 PHP

PHP or Hypertext Preprocessor is an open-

source scripting language used for back-end
development.
 It is mostly used for developing dynamic,
data-heavy websites and is an interpreted
language. It is one of the most popular web
page languages, and frameworks like
Drupal and WordPress make use of PHP.
Features
It is supported by many third-party extensions
like .NET, MySQL, and Apache.
It can output images, PDF, text, animations,
and HTML.
It is compatible with cloud services.
Pros
Easy to learn and use.
Can be used on all major operating systems.
Has great community support.
Cons
Error handling features are not excellent.
Development using PHP only can be slow.
 C#

C# (C Sharp) is an object-oriented

programming language developed by
Microsoft.
It was originally developed for the .NET
framework to build Windows applications.
Today it is extensively used in backend
development, game development, and mobile
app development. It can be used not just on
Windows, but also on Android, Linux, and iOS
platforms-making it one of the best website
coding languages in 2023.
Features
It has a strong memory backup facility and avoids
memory leaks
It is equipped with a rich set of libraries enabling
faster development
It is the only language used by Windows
Presentation Foundation (WPF)
Pros
Ideal for all types of web development
Complete integration with .NET library
Compilation and execution is fast
Cons
Difficult to handle multi-thread applications
Less flexible
 Angular

Angular is one of the most used front-end

languages that have MVC architecture and
allows dynamic modeling.
It is an important programming language that
supports the development of complicated
applications.
For UI development, Angular makes use of
HTML, so it is easy to understand.
With Angular, you can develop projects with
extensive functionality and appealing design
most efficiently.
Features
It supports various Graphical User Interface (GUI)
tools
Favors all major platforms like Windows, Mac, and
Linux
Has prominent features like automatic garbage
collection, centralized package management, custom
dispatch behavior, etc.
Pros
Has many helpful tools and libraries
Large and active community support
Has strong adherence to web standards
Cons
Codes written in Ruby are difficult to debug
It is comparatively slow
 Golang

Golang or Go is an open-source programming

language developed at Google in 2007.
It is similar to C in syntax and allows for the
development of efficient and secure web
applications.
Go is ideal for network programming,
developing data pipelines, and machine
learning packages.
Features
It is equipped with inbuilt testing tools
Supports multithreading and can execute several
processes concurrently
It has excellent memory safety features like
garbage collection for automatic memory
management
Pros
Quite easy to learn
Has a powerful standard library
Offers high performance
Cons
Inefficient error handling capabilities
Lack of flexibility
 Scala

Scala is grouped in the Java family and is one

of the latest additions to it.
It has all the features of Java plus some
additions which help to overcome some of the
cons of Java.
Scala is a great choice for developing data
analytics solutions.
Features
Supports concurrent programming and
execution of procedures in parallel
Has great IDE support
Highly functional programming with better
code quality
Pros
Easy to learn
Concise code
Greatly scalable
Cons
The built-in compiler is slow
Limited community support
 Storyboard for a website design

The basic steps of the storyboarding process:

A storyboard is a graphic representation of how your
video will unfold, shot by shot.
 It's made up of a number of squares with illustrations or
pictures representing each shot, with notes about what's
going on in the scene and what's being said in the script
during that shot.
A storyboard is a planning document.
 It is created before the final product is developed and
used to illustrate a story or show the changes of scene.