CSC 331: Data Management I

(3 Units)

Lecture 2
 Introduction to DBMS
DBMS stands for Database Management System.

DBMS is a collection of inter-related data and set

of programs to store & access the data in an
easy and effective manner.
 DBMS Contd.

A database management system stores,

organizes and manages a large amount of
information within a single software application.
The use of this system increases efficiency of
business operations and reduces overall costs.
 What is the need of DBMS?
A database management systems (DBMs) is
needed because it allows for a broad range of
data functions, including data entry, checking,
updating, Documentation, and analysis. It is
basically developed for large amount of data.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Storage of data:
One of the principles of database systems, is
that the redundant data (duplicate data) in any
document be removed before storage so that
the data can be stored in such a way that it
acquires less space.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Fast Retrieval of data:
Quick retrieval of the data when needed is very
important, so Database systems ensure that the
data is retrieved as quickly as possible.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Database Management System Is an Extension of
Human Logic:
The computational powers that we as flesh-and-
blood data technicians endow to our computers is
merely the extension of the reasoning power of
the human intellect. The database that are created
to manage human knowledge will enhance the
abilities to correlate, query and report the
collected information of the organization.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Computers Can Quickly Answer Lots of
Questions:
A centralized database, easily accessible by all,
can provide quick answers to questions like:
How many units were sold last quarter?
What colors does the product come in?
Where is the conference located this year?
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Possibility of querying data based upon multiple
criteria:
A simple query of a spreadsheet or a search of data
in a directory might easily give the information that
is needed, but to query data based upon multiple
criteria, a database management system is better.
The more complex the query, the more robust the
DBMS will need to be. A good system tells what is
needed to know with a couple of mouse clicks.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Better management of information:
A well-organized database makes a large
treasure of information more manageable, and
gives the user only what he needs at the time he
needs to do his job better.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
DBMS Is Better Than Manual Processes in Many
Ways:
Data environment comprises of data, hardware,
software, people and procedures. Database
management systems allow for the
simultaneous access of multiple users unlike
Excel spreadsheets and Access databases that
are generally used by only one person at a time.
 Need of DBMS Contd.
Allows for Making and Saving Money:
The efficiencies produced by DBMS worth the
time, money and effort spent to bring the
database to completion.
 Applications of Database Management
Systems are:
Telecom: There is a database to keeps track of
the information regarding calls made, network
usage, customer details etc. Without the
database systems it is hard to maintain that
huge amount of data that keeps updating every
millisecond.
 Applications of DBMS Contd.
Banking System: For storing customer info,
tracking day to day credit and debit transactions,
generating bank statements etc. All this work
has been done with the help of Database
management systems.
 Applications of DBMS Contd.

Sales: To store customer information, production

information and invoice details.

Airlines: To travel though airlines, we make early

reservations, this reservation information along
with flight schedule is stored in database.
 Applications of DBMS Contd.
Industry: Where it is a manufacturing unit,
warehouse or distribution centre, each one
needs a database to keep the records of ins and
outs. For example distribution centre should
keep a track of the product units that supplied
into the centre as well as the products that got
delivered out from the distribution centre on
each day; this is where DBMS comes into
picture.
 Applications of DBMS Contd.
Education sector:
Database systems are frequently used in schools
and colleges to store and retrieve the data
regarding student details, staff details, course
details, exam details, payroll data, attendance
details, fees details etc. There is a hell lot
amount of inter-related data that needs to be
stored and retrieved in an efficient manner.
 Applications of DBMS Contd.
Online shopping: You must be aware of the
online shopping websites such as Amazon,
Flipkart etc. These sites store the product
information, your addresses and preferences,
credit details and provide you the relevant list of
products based on your query. All this involves a
Database management system.
 Key components of DBMS:
Software: DBMS is primarily a software system
that can be considered as a management
console or an interface to interact with and
manage databases. The interfacing also spreads
across real-world physical systems that
contribute data to the backend databases. The
OS, networking software, and the hardware
infrastructure is involved in creating, accessing,
managing, and processing the databases.
 Key components Contd.
Data:
DBMS contains operational data, access to
database records and metadata as a resource to
perform the necessary functionality. The data
may include files with such as index files,
administrative information, and data
dictionaries used to represent data flows,
ownership, structure, and relationships to other
records or objects.
 Key components Contd.
Procedures:
While not a part of the DBMS software,
procedures can be considered as instructions on
using DBMS. The documented guidelines assist
users in designing, modifying, managing, and
processing databases.
 Key components Contd.
Database languages:
These are components of the DBMS used to access,
modify, store, and retrieve data items from
databases; specify database schema; control user
access; and perform other associated database
management operations. Types of DBMS languages
include Data Definition Language (DDL), Data
Manipulation Language (DML), Database Access
Language (DAL) and Data Control Language (DCL).
 Key components Contd.
Query processor:
As a fundamental component of the DBMS, the query
processor acts as an intermediary between users and the
DBMS data engine in order to communicate query requests.
When users enter an instruction in SQL language, the
command is executed from the high-level language instruction
to a low-level language that the underlying machine can
understand and process to perform the appropriate DBMS
functionality. In addition to instruction parsing and translation,
the query processor also optimizes queries to ensure fast
processing and accurate results.
 Key components Contd.
Runtime database manager:
A centralized management component of DBMS that
handles functionality associated with runtime data, which
is commonly used for context-based database access. This
component checks for user authorization to request the
query; processes the approved queries; devises an
optimal strategy for query execution; supports
concurrency so that multiple users can simultaneously
work on same databases; and ensures integrity of data
recorded into the databases.
 Key components Contd.
Database manager:
Unlike the runtime database manager that handles
queries and data at runtime, the database manager
performs DBMS functionality associated with the
data within databases. Database manager allows a
set of commands to perform different DBMS
operations that include creating, deleting, backup,
restoring, cloning, and other database maintenance
tasks. The database manager may also be used to
update the database with patches from vendors.
 Key components Contd.

Database engine:
This is the core software component within the
DBMS solution that performs the core functions
associated with data storage and retrieval. A
database engine is also accessible via APIs that
allow users or apps to create, read, write, and
delete records in databases.
 Key components Contd.
Reporting:
The report generator extracts useful information
from DBMS files and displays it in structured
format based on defined specifications. This
information may be used for further analysis,
decision making, or business intelligence.