DYNAMIC WEB DEVELOPMENT

WEEK 5.A: ARRAYS

Correspond to Ch 2

Dr. Basel Almourad

GOALS
 Learn about how are arrays used in PHP

OUTLINE
1. Definition
2. Predefined arrays
3. Array declaration
4. Array printing
5. Multidimensional arrays
6. Q & A
ARRAYS
 Hold multiple values
 Structured as a series of key-value pairs

 PHP supports two kinds of arrays:

 indexed  e.g. $students[2]
 associative  e.g. $students[‘M0256’]

To refer to a specific value in an array, start with the

array variable name, followed by the key within
square brackets:
e.g. $students[2], $students[‘M0256’]
ARRAYS
 Other examples

No quotations (it is a number)

- $artists[0];  returns The

Mynabirds

- $states['MD’]  returns
Maryland

Quotations (it is a string)

ARRAYS
 Some PHP Predefined Arrays
$_SERVER
$_REQUEST
$_GET
$_POST

 Others
 $_ENV
 $_SESSION
 $_COOKIE

 These are called the superglobal variables

 ARRAYS
 In previous lecture, we used $_REQUEST to validate a form
 One important recommendation: be precise when referring
to variables
 Use $_POST instead of $_REQUEST (data submitted using POST)

handle_form (lecture4).php
<?php
$name = $_REQUEST['name'];
$age = $_REQUEST['age'];
$gender=$_REQUEST['gender'];
….. handle_form (lecture5).php
?> <?php
$name = $_POST['name'];
$age = $_POST ['age'];
$gender=$_POST ['gender'];
…..
?>
ARRAYS
 Creating arrays:
A. Add an element at a time :
$band[ ] = 'Jemaine';
$band[ ] = 'Bret'; ! $and[0] will be Jemaine, etc.
$band[ ] = 'Murray’;

B. specify the key when adding an element

$band['fan'] = 'Mel';
$band['fan'] = 'Dave'; // New value
$fruit[2] = 'apple';
$fruit[2] = 'orange'; // New value

! If a key already exist, its value will be overwritten !

 ARRAYS
 Creating arrays <?php
$fruits=array('Apples','Bananas','D
C. Use array() function ates','Oranges');
/* this is the same as $fruits*/
$states = array ( $fruits_2[0]='Apples';
‘AD' => ‘Abu Dhabi', $fruits_2[1]='Bananas';
‘DX' => ‘Dubai’ $fruits_2[2]='Dates';
$fruits_2[3]='Oranges';
);
/* this is the same as $fruits as
Can also work without specifying the key well*/
$fruits_3[]='Apples';
$fruits_3[]='Bananas';
$artists = array ('Clem Snide’, 'Shins', 'Eels'); $fruits_3[]='Dates';
$fruits_3[]='Oranges';
?>
Index Value
0 ‘Apples’
1 ‘Bananas’
2 ‘Dates’
3 ‘Oranges’
ARRAYS
 Creating arrays
D. Use array() function
 If first numeric key value is set, , the added values will be keyed
incrementally

$days = array (1 => 'Sun', 'Mon’, 'Tue’);

 echo $days[3]; // returns Tue

$six $let
E. Use range function
 Creates an array of sequential numbers or letters

$six = range (1, 6);

$let = range (‘a’, ‘f’);
PRINTING ARRAYS
 Printing Arrays
echo “List of students: $students”  will not work

List of students: Array

 Need to print the individual items

echo “The second student: $students[1]”  will print 2nd student

echo “List of students: $students [‘M0256’]”  will not work
o Use: echo “Student with ID M0256: {$students [‘M0256’]}”
PRINTING ARRAYS
 print_r()
Can be used for printing array content for testing
 $fruits=array('Apples','Bananas','Dates','Oranges’);
 Print_r($fruits);

arrays_1.php
ADDING ELEMENTS INTO
AN ARRAY
You can add a new item into an array by simply using this syntax:

$array_name[]=‘value’;

This statement will simply append that item to the end of the array.

You can add a new entry (key, value) to an associative arrays using this
syntax:

$associative_array_name[‘Key’]=‘value’;

If the key exists, it will simply update the value for the entry. Otherwise, it will
add a new entry.
 ADDING ELEMENTS INTO
AN ARRAY
<?php

$fruits=array('Apples','Bananas','Dates','Oranges');

$fruits_2=array('red'=>'Apples','yellow'=>'Bananas',
'beige'=>'Cantaloupes','brown'=>'Dates');

$fruits[]='Kiwi'; //add Kiwi to the end of $fruits

//array_push($fruits, ‘Kiwi’); a different way

$fruits_2['lightbrown']='Kiwi'; //add the entry ‘lightbrown: Kiwi’

?>

adding_items_to_array.php
DELETING ELEMENTS
FROM AN ARRAY
 You can use unset to delete an item from an array.
 Once you delete the item, the item will seize to exist, and the
size of the array will shrink by 1.

<?php

$fruits=array('Apples','Bananas','Dates','Oranges');

$fruits_2=array('red'=>'Apples','yellow'=>'Bananas',
'beige'=>'Cantaloupes','brown'=>'Dates');

unset($fruits[2]); //delete "Dates"

unset($fruits_2['red']); //delete "Apples“

?>

removing_items_from_arrays.php
ITERATING THROUGH ARRAYS
 Accessing an entire array
 We have seen how to access individual elements using key
o Require a prior knowledge of the key

 To access all elements, use foreach loop The loop will iterate through
foreach ($array as $value) { every element in $array,
assigning each element’s
// Do something with $value. value to the $value variable
}
<?php
$fruits=array('Apples','Bananas','Dates','Oranges');
/*iterating through an array */
foreach($fruits as $value) {
echo $value;
}?>
looping_through_an_array.php
ITERATING THROUGH ASSOCIATIVE
ARRAYS
 To access both the keys and values, use
foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
echo "The value at $key is $value.";
}
<?php

$fruits=array('red'=>'Apples','yellow'=>'Bananas',
'beige'=>'Cantaloupes','brown'=>'Dates');

$var=$fruits['red']; //the value is ‘Apples’

//iterating through the array

foreach ($fruits as $key => $value) {
echo "Fruits[$key]=$value <br>";
}
associative_arrays.php
<?php The values in
associative arrays are
$fruits=array('red'=>'Apples','yellow'=>'Bananas', not arranged based on
'beige'=>'Cantaloupes','brown'=>'Dates');
integer indexes.
$var=$fruits[‘red’]; //the value is ‘Apples’
The values are arranged
//iterating through the array based on keys instead.
foreach ($fruits as $key => $value) {
echo "$key:$value"; For instance, the key of
} “apples” is “red”.
//an alternative way for iterating through the array
while(list($key,$value)=each($fruits)){ Keys must be unique.
echo "$key:$value"; Values don’t have to be.
}
Key Value
?>
Red ‘Apples’
Yellow ‘Bananas’
Beige ‘Cantaloupes’

Brown ‘Dates’
ARRAYS
 Example
arrays.php
<?php
// Make the months array:
$months = array ('January’, 'February', 'March', 'April’, 'May’,
'June', 'July', 'August', 'September’, 'October’,
'November', 'December’);

// Make the months pull-down menu:

echo ‘the list of keys and values in the array are’;
foreach ($months as $key => $value) {
echo “<br />$key::$value“;
}
?>
ARRAY FUNCTION
 Some interesting functions
 count(): returns the number of element in an array

$num = count($array);
 Is_array(): checks if the variable is of type array
 explode()
Takes a string containing several items separated by a single character (or a
string of characters) and place each of these items into an array containing all
its words.
Example:
$temp=explode(' ', “This is a sentence”);
The value of $temp is:
Array( [0]==> This
[1]==>is
[2]==> a
[3]==> sentence
) array_functions.php
 ARRAY FUNCTION
Function Description Example

sort Sorts an array in ascending order. sort($fruits)

Other variants include:
sort($fruits, SORT_NUMERIC);//sorts numerically
sort($fruits, SORT_STRING); //sorts as strings

rsort Sorts an array in descending order. rsort($fruits)

asort Sorts associative arrays in ascending order, according to the asort($fruits_2)

value
ksort Sorts associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key ksort($fruits_2)

arsort Sorts associative arrays in descending order, according to the arsort($fruits_2)

value
krsort Sorts associative arrays in descending order, according to the krsort($fruits_2)
key

usort Sorts an array based on a user-defined sort usort($fruits,”cmp”)

;
ARRAYS
 Multidimensional arrays
 An array’s values could be any combination of :
o numbers
o Strings
o other arrays

This last case creates a

multidimensional array
ARRAYS
 Multidimensional arrays: Example
Use an array to maintain the list of students and
for each student maintain the list of courses
she/he is registered in.
ARRAYS
 Multidimensional arrays: Example

Step 1: declare an array for list of students

$students = array (‘M123’, ‘M345’, M567’);

Step 2: for each student, create an array maintain the courses

he/she is registered in
$student1 = array (‘CIT499’, ‘NET455’, ‘SEC460’);
$student2 = array (‘MTH215’, ‘MTH281’, ‘SWE245’);
$student3 = array (‘SEC235’, ‘NET351’, ‘ARA300’);

Step3: Combine all of the arrays into one

$registrations = array(
$students[0] => $student1,
$students[1] => $student2,
$students[2] => $student3);
ARRAYS
 Access multiterminal content
What is the first course that the second student is registered in.
echo $registrations['M123'][0]; OR
echo $registrations[$students[0]][0];

Print the whole content of the multidimensional array

o Two foreach are needed
foreach ( $registrations as $key => $value) {
echo "<br /><b>$key</b>";
foreach $value as $k => $v) {
echo "<br />[$k]=$v";
}
}
EXAMPLE
makes three pull-down menus for an HTML form: months,
days, years.

calendar.php
CORRECT THE PATTERNS
QUESTION LAB-4
ANY QUESTIONS?

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REFERENCES
• PHP
• https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_arrays.asp
• https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_arrays_multi.asp

• http://php.net/manual/en/langref.php

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