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 U n d e rsta n d i n g Virt ua lizat i o n
• We are in the midst of a substantial change in the way computing services
are provided.

• As a consumer, you surf the Web on your cell phone, get directions from a
GPS device, and stream movies and music from the cloud.

• At the heart of these services is virtualization—the ability to abstract a

physical server into a virtual machine.
 D E SCRIBIN G VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

• Consider virtualization to be the act of abstracting the physical

boundaries of a technology.
• For example, workstations and servers no longer need dedicated
physical hardware such as a CPU or motherboard in order to run as
independent entities. Instead, they can run inside a virtual machine (VM).
 D E SCRIBIN G VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

• In running as a virtual machine, a computer’s hardware is emulated and

presented to an operating system as if the hardware truly existed. With
this technology, you have the ability to remove the traditional dependence
that all operating systems had with hardware.
• In being able to emulate hardware, a virtual machine can essentially run
on any x86-class host system, regardless of hardware makeup.
• Furthermore, you can run multiple VMs running different operating
systems on the same system at the same time!
 D E SCRIBIN G VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

• A virtual machine (VM) can virtualize all of the hardware resources,

including processors, memory, storage, and network connectivity.
• A virtual machine monitor (VMM), which today is commonly called a
hypervisor, is the software that provides the environment in which the VMs
operate.
D E SCRIBIN G VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
P H YS I C A L A N D VIRT UA L M A C H I N ES

• A physical server refers to a hardware server with the motherboard, CPU,

memory and IO-controllers. It's considered a bare-metal server because its
hardware is used directly by an OS instead of a virtualization platform.

• A physical server is used to run a single instance of an OS. It runs Windows,

Linux or another OS and, very often, it's used to run a single application.
 PHYSICAL SERVER
• A physical server, also known as a ‘bare-metal server,’ is a single-tenant computer server,
meaning that a specific physical server is designated to a single user.

• The resources and components of a physical server are not shared between multiple
users. Each physical server includes memory, processor, network connection, hard drive,
and an operating system (OS) for running programs and applications.

• A bare-metal server is large in size due to the powerful processing components that it
contains.
PHYSICAL SERVER
 VIRTUAL M A C H I N E
• A virtual machine (VM) is a software computer used as emulation of an actual physical
computer. A virtual server operates in a “multi-tenant” environment, meaning that multiple
VMs run on the same physical hardware.
• In this case, the computing resources of a physical server are virtualized and shared
among all VMs running on it.
• The architecture of a virtual server is a little more complex than that of a physical server.
Thus, a hypervisor, such as VMware vSphere or Microsoft Hyper-V, is installed on
top of physical hardware.
VIRTUAL M A C H I N E
• A hypervisor is then used to create and manage VMs, which have their
own virtual computing resources.

• After that, you can load multiple guest OSes and server applications on top
of the virtual hardware.

• Thus, virtual servers allow you to run several OSes and applications on the
basis of the shared physical hardware, which makes it a more cost-effective
option than a physical server.
VIRTUAL M A C H I N E
T R A D I T I O N A L A N D VIRT UA L C O M P U T I N G

• Traditional Computing, as name suggests, is a possess of using physical data

centers for storing digital assets and running complete networking system for daily
operations. In this, access to data, or software, or storage by users is limited to
device or official network they are connected with.

• Virtualization uses software to create an abstraction layer over computer

hardware that allows the hardware elements of a single computer—processors,
memory, storage and more—to be divided into multiple virtual computers,
commonly called virtual machines (VMs).
 T H E BEN E FITS O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• One of the big drivers for virtualization adoption was server consolidation. Where
originally 10 or 15 servers were needed, a single physical server could run 10 or 15 VMs.
This is still one of the main advantages of virtualization and consolidation ratios have
increased over the years.

• Another benefit of virtualization is that relocating a VM to different hardware,

performing a restore or Disaster Recovery and failover is much simpler. When
VMware introduced vMotion technology to live-migrate workloads to another hardware
platform, the benefits increased even more. Admins can replace hardware without service
interruption and balance workloads on all available hardware, eliminating bottlenecks.
U N D E RSTA N D I N G VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• According to Popek and Goldberg, a VMM needs to exhibit three
properties in order to correctly satisfy their definition:

• Fidelity: The environment it creates for the VM is essentially identical

to the original (hardware) physical machine.

• Isolation or Safety: The VMM must have complete control of the system
resources.
• Performance: There should be little or no difference in performance between
the VM and a physical equivalent.
TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Desktop virtualization
It is when the host server can run virtual machines using a hypervisor (a
software program). A hypervisor can directly be installed on the host
machine or over the operating system (like Windows, Mac, and Linux).
Virtualized desktops don’t use the host system’s hard drive; instead, they run
on a remote central server. This type of virtualization is useful for
development and testing teams who need to develop or test applications
on different operating systems.
Two types - Virtual Desktop Infrastructure(VDI) and Local Desktop
Virtualization.
 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Desktop virtualization
 Creating a virtual desktop infrastructure, or VDI, makes it possible to work and store files in locations that everyone in your
team can easily access no matter where they work.
 Desktop virtualization allows people to access multiple applications and operating systems (OS) on a single computer
because the applications and OSs are installed on virtual machines that run on a server in the data center.
 A virtual machine (VM) is essentially a physical computer, like at your desk, but in software form. VMs are organized using
hypervisors, which help the physical computer and the VMs run as intended.
 When it comes to desktop virtualization, there are two main methods: local and remote. Local and remote
desktop virtualization are both possible depending on the business needs. However, local desktop virtualization has
many limitations, including the inability to use a mobile device to access the network resources. Remote desktop
virtualization is more robust and popular in the marketplace, with users running operating systems and applications
accessed from a server located inside a secure data center.
 For enterprise-level businesses, virtualizing desktops allows employees to log in remotely in case of a natural disaster or
health issue that keeps them from coming into the office to work.
 Having a virtual desktop setup can be a vital part of the business disaster recovery plan or response to any unexpected
event that stops workers from coming into the office. Top solutions providers in this space include VMware and Citrix.
 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Application virtualization
The process of installing an application on a central server (single computer system)
that can virtually be operated on multiple systems is known as application
virtualization.
For end users, the virtualized application works exactly like a native application
installed on a physical machine. With application virtualization, it’s easier for
organizations to update, maintain, and fix applications centrally.
Admins can control and modify access permissions to the application without
logging in to the user’s desktop.
Another benefit of application virtualization is portability. It allows users to access
virtualized applications even on non-Windows devices, such as iOS or Android.
This helps save user’s time invested in application installations and load operations.
 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Application virtualization
 Through application virtualization, users can access a remote version of an application that isn’t installed on their individual
machine.
 App virtualization is a key part of enabling remote work on a large scale, as seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, along with
desktop virtualization.
 Virtualizing an app allows for seamless use for the end-user, making it possible for the employee to work remotely with the
same key programs installed in the office.
 When virtualized, apps work in what is called a sandbox, an environment that runs separately from the operating system.
While operating in this sandbox, any changes will appear to run in the operating system, though the app is pulling operating
power from the sandbox.
 There are two distinct kinds of application virtualization: Remote and Streaming
 Remote applications run on a server that mimics the user desktop and can be accessed by authorized users regardless of
their location.
 Streaming apps run just one instance on the server and provide local access to the app.
 Remote app streaming is the more popular approach, thanks to the extended reach it grants.
 With just one instance of the app to manage and fix, an organization’s IT professionals can save time and effort through
app virtualization compared to installing the app on each user’s computer.
 Any patches or updates only have to be done once instead of potentially hundreds or thousands of times. Large enterprises
can find the savings generated by app virtualization substantial as employees can access virtualized apps through cost-
effective computers.
 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Server Virtualization
Server virtualization is a process of partitioning the resources of a single server into

multiple virtual servers. These virtual servers can run as separate machines.
Server virtualization allows businesses to run multiple independent OSs (guests or

virtual) all with different configurations using a single (host) server.

The process also saves the hardware cost involved in keeping a host of physical

servers, so businesses can make their server infrastructure more streamlined.

 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Server Virtualization
 Virtualizing a server allows for a better division of resources, as it lets the administrator divide one physical server into

multiple virtual servers. These virtual servers can then be used to run a distinct operating system and any applications
needed. By doing this, businesses can decrease operational costs while enjoying faster deployment times and better
application performance.

 Virtual servers share CPU, memory, storage, and networking capabilities, which are pulled from the hypervisor of the

physical server the virtual one is built on.

 Among the types of virtualization discussed here, server virtualization has the highest adoption rate in the current

landscape. Over 90% of businesses have already moved to a virtual server in place of a physical one. This virtual server
typically includes a virtual machine equipped with CPU, RAM, and virtual hardware to mimic a traditional server in the
cloud.

 Virtualization allows the system administrator to quickly add more virtual machines, eliminating the time and cost

associated with the traditional method of purchasing a new physical machine.

 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• Network Virtualization
 Network virtualization blends the physical and virtual network, using components
from both to create an environment that is much easier to administrate than a
strictly physical one.
 Using software, network virtualization disconnects the virtual network from the
physical hardware, making it possible to use switches to direct network traffic and
manage resources through traffic surges.
 Network virtualization is key to developing new programs and apps. By testing
newly developed apps on a virtual network before releasing them to the public,
developers can catch any potential flaws or bugs and optimize the performance
of the app based on how it performs in the virtual environment.
TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

• Storage Virtualization
 Storage virtualization is the process of pooling physical storage of multiple
network storage devices so it looks like a single storage device. Storage
virtualization facilitates archiving, easy backup, and recovery tasks. It helps
administrators allocate, move, change and set up resources efficiently across the
organizational infrastructure.
TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

• Storage Virtualization
 Storage virtualization is a game-changer for companies that create a lot of data daily. Instead of using physical
storage space, virtual storage uses software to store the data in the cloud. All of a company’s storage disk arrays
are placed in the same virtual pool, made into virtual disks, and sent to the host server for storage.

 With the data remotely stored, you can pull from any of the virtual storage sources within the data center and group
them together, customizing how and when key data is stored. The pooling of storage resources into one virtual area
allows for one administrator to manage them remotely.

 There are two kinds of storage virtualization: Internal and External

 Internal storage virtualization is only available within a vendor’s software, limiting the reach of the data. External
storage virtualization is typically also powered by a vendor but has fewer limitations on where data can be pulled
from and stored.
 TYPES O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

• Data virtualization
 It is an approach to data management that allows an application to retrieve and
manipulate data without requiring technical details about the data, such as how it is
formatted at source, or where it is physically located, and can provide a single
customer view of the overall data.
 Data virtualization tools integrate data from heterogeneous data sources,
instead of extracting and loading them directly onto a single platform.
 A DVA N TA G ES

• Lower costs: Virtualization reduces the amount of hardware servers

necessary within a company and data center. This lowers the overall cost of
buying and maintaining large amounts of hardware.
• Easier disaster recovery: Disaster recovery is very simple in a virtualized
environment. Regular snapshots provide up-to-date data, allowing virtual
machines to be feasibly backed up and recovered. Even in an emergency, a
virtual machine can be migrated to a new location within minutes.
 A DVA N TAGES
• Easier testing: Testing is less complicated in a virtual environment. Even if a
large mistake is made, the test does not need to stop and go back to the
beginning. It can simply return to the previous snapshot and proceed with the
test.
• Quicker backups: Backups can be taken of both the virtual server and the
virtual machine. Automatic snapshots are taken throughout the day to
guarantee that all data is up-to-date. Furthermore, the virtual machines can be
easily migrated between each other and efficiently redeployed.
A DVA N TA G ES
• Improved productivity. Fewer physical resources results in less time
spent managing and maintaining the servers. Tasks that can take days or
weeks in a physical environment can be done in minutes. This allows staff
members to spend the majority of their time on more productive tasks,
such as raising revenue and fostering business initiatives.
 Benefits
• Virtualization provides companies with the benefit of maximizing their output.
Additional benefit for both businesses and data centers include the following:
• Single-minded servers. Virtualization provides a cost-effective way to separate email,
database and web servers, creating a more comprehensive and dependable system.
• Expedited deployment and redeployment. When a physical server crashes, the backup
server may not always be ready or up-to-date. There also may not be an image or clone
of the server available. If this is the case, then the redeployment process can be time-
consuming and tedious. However, if the data center is virtualized, then the process is
quick and fairly simple. Virtual backup tools, such as Veeam, are available to expedite the
process to minutes.
 Benefits
• Reduced heat and improved energy savings. Companies that use a lot of hardware
servers risk overheating their physical resources. The best way to prevent this from
happening is to decrease the number of servers used for data management, and the best way
to do this is through virtualization.
• Better for the environment. Companies and data centers that utilize copious amounts of
hardware leave a large carbon footprint; they must take responsibility for the pollution they
are generating. Virtualization can help reduce these effects by significantly decreasing the
necessary amounts of cooling and power, thus helping clean the air and the atmosphere. As
a result, companies and data centers that virtualize will improve their reputation while also
enhancing the quality of their relationship with customers and the planet.
 Benefits

• Easier migration to the cloud. Virtualization brings companies closer to

experiencing a completely cloud-based environment. Virtual machines may
even be deployed from the data center in order to build a cloud-based
infrastructure. The ability to embrace a cloud-based mindset with
virtualization makes migrating to the cloud even easier.
• Lack of vendor dependency. Virtual machines are agnostic in hardware
configuration. As a result, virtualizing hardware and software means that a
company does not need to depend on a vendor for these physical resources.
 Limitations
• Before converting to a virtualized environment, it is important to consider
the various upfront costs. The necessary investment in virtualization
software, as well as hardware that might be required to make the
virtualization possible, can be costly.
• If the existing infrastructure is more than five years old, an initial renewal
budget will have to be considered. Fortunately, many businesses have the
capacity to accommodate virtualization without spending large amounts of
cash.
 Limitations
• Furthermore, the costs can be offset by collaborating with a managed service
provider that provides monthly leasing or purchase options.
• There are also software licensing considerations that must be taken into
account when creating a virtualized environment. Companies must ensure
that they have a clear understanding of how their vendors view software
use within a virtualized environment. This is becoming less of a limitation as
more software providers adapt to the increased use of virtualization.
 Limitations
• Converting to virtualization takes time and may come with a learning
curve. Implementing and controlling a virtualized environment
demands each IT staff member to be trained and possess expertise in
virtualization. Furthermore, some applications do not adapt well when
brought into a virtual environment. The IT staff will need to be
prepared to face these challenge and should address them prior to
converting.
 Limitations
• There are also security risks involved with virtualization. Data is crucial
to the success of a business and, therefore, is a common target for attacks.
The chances of experiencing a data breach significantly increase while
using virtualization.
• Finally, in a virtual environment, users lose control of what they can do
because there are several links that must collaborate to perform the same
task. If any part is not working, then the entire operation will fail.
 N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
• The most important function of virtualization is the capability of running multiple
operating systems and applications on a single computer or server.

• Virtualization can usually improve overall application performance due to

technology that can balance resources, and provide only what the user needs.

• There are many reasons why your company might consider using virtual machines.

• VMs allow for reduced overhead, with multiple systems operating from the same
console at the same time. VMs also provide a safety net for your data, as they can be
used to enable rapid disaster recovery and automatic backups.
N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
 ENHANCED PERFORMANCE-

Currently, the end user system i.e. PC is sufficiently powerful to fulfill

all the basic computation requirements of the user, with various
additional capabilities which are rarely used by the user. Most of their
systems have sufficient resources which can host a virtual machine
manager and can perform a virtual machine with acceptable
performance so far.
N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
 LIMITED USE OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE RESOURCES-

The limited use of the resources leads to under-utilization of hardware

and software resources. As all the PCs of the user are sufficiently
capable to fulfill their regular computational needs that’s why many of
their computers are used often which can be used 24/7 continuously
without any interruption. The efficiency of IT infrastructure could be
increase by using these resources after hours for other purposes. This
environment is possible to attain with the help of Virtualization.
N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N

 SHORTAGE OF SPACE-

The regular requirement for additional capacity, whether memory

storage or compute power, leads data centers raise rapidly.
Companies like Google, Microsoft and Amazon develop their
infrastructure by building data centers as per their needs. Mostly,
enterprises unable to pay to build any other data center to
accommodate additional resource capacity. This heads to the diffusion
of a technique which is known as server consolidation.
N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
 ECO-FRIENDLY INITIATIVES-

At this time, corporations are actively seeking for various methods to

minimize their expenditures on power which is consumed by their
systems. Data centers are main power consumers and maintaining a
data center operations needs a continuous power supply as well as a
good amount of energy is needed to keep them cool for well-functioning.
Therefore, server consolidation drops the power consumed and cooling
impact by having a fall in number of servers. Virtualization can provide a
sophisticated method of server consolidation.
 N E ED O F VIRT UA LIZAT I O N
 ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS-

Furthermore, the rise in demand for capacity surplus, that convert into more
servers in a data center, accountable for a significant increase in
administrative costs. Hardware monitoring, server setup and updates,
defective hardware replacement, server resources monitoring, and backups
are included in common system administration tasks. These are personnel-
intensive operations. The administrative costs is increased as per the
number of servers. Virtualization decreases number of required servers for a
given workload, hence reduces the cost of administrative employees.
VIRTUALIZATION REFERENCE
MODEL
VIRTUALIZATION REFERENCE MODEL
1. GUEST:
The guest represents the system component that interacts with the
virtualization layer rather than with the host, as would normally
happen. Guests usually consist of one or more virtual disk files, and a
VM definition file. Virtual Machines are centrally managed by a host
application that sees and manages each virtual machine as a different
application.
VIRTUALIZATION REFERENCE MODEL
2. HOST:
The host represents the original environment where the guest is
supposed to be managed. Each guest runs on the host using shared
resources donated to it by the host. The operating system, works as
the host and manages the physical resource management, and the
device support.
 VIRTUALIZATION REFERENCE MODEL
3. VIRTUALIZATION LAYER:
The virtualization layer is responsible for recreating the same or a
different environment where the guest will operate. It is an additional
abstraction layer between a network and storage hardware, computing,
and the application running on it. Usually it helps to run a single
operating system per machine which can be very inflexible compared to
the usage of virtualization.
Applications of virtualization
Server Consolidation:

• Virtual machines are used to consolidate many physical servers

into fewer servers.
• Each physical server is reflected as a virtual machine “guest”.
They reside on a virtual machine host system.
• This is also known as “Physical-to-Virtual” or ‘P2V’ transformation.
Applications of virtualization

Disaster Recovery:

• Virtual machinescan be used as “hot standby” environments

for physical production servers.
• Virtual storage can be replicated and transferred to another location.
Virtualization is very useful in planning for disaster recovery.
Applications of virtualization

 Testing and Training:

• Virtualization can give root access to a virtual machine.

• This can be very useful such as in kernel development and operating

system courses.

 Portable W orkspaces:

• Recent technologies have used virtualization to create

portable
workspaces on devices like iPods and USB memory sticks.
Applications of virtualization

Portable Applications:

• Portable applications are needed when running an application from

a removable drive, without installing it on the system’s main
disk drive.
• Virtualization can be used to store temporary files, windows
registry entries and other information in the application’s
installation directory and not within the system’s permanent file
system.
SIM U L AT I O N S A N D EM U L AT I O N S
• Often the terms simulation and emulation are used interchangeably. But, there is a
distinct difference between emulators vs. simulators. Both mimic the real thing in a
virtual environment. However, the differences between emulation vs. simulation are
quite big when it comes to mobile automation.

Emulation vs Simulation

• A simulator creates an environment that mimics the behavior and configurations

of a real device. On the other hand, an emulator duplicates all the hardware and
software features of a real device.
What Are Simulators?

• A simulator mimics the basic behavior of a device.

• Simulators mean you're copying things from the real world into a
virtual environment to give an idea about how that thing would work.
It simulates the basic behavior but doesn’t necessarily follow all the
rules of the real environment.

• A simulator in mobile testing is also a virtual device. It allows you to

test your app by simulating behavior of a real device.
Flight Simulators
Purpose of a flight simulator is
to help the pilot to achieve, test
and maintain proficiency in
handling airplane operation
without involving any risk to
property or lives, and at a much
lower cost than training in the air
What Are Emulators?

• An emulator duplicates the thing exactly as it exists in real life.

• Emulation means basically a complete imitation of the real thing. It just

operates in a virtual environment instead of the real world.

• An emulator in mobile testing is a virtual device. It allows you to test

your app by emulating a real device. A device emulator mimics the
hardware or OS of the device.
Android Emulator
It is a software
application that allows
your mobile to imitate
Android OS features
into your PC.
 Simulator-based testing Emulator based testing
Simulator's objective is to simulate the The emulator aims at emulating or
internal state of an object as close as mimicking as close as possible the outer
possible to the internal state of an behavior of an object
object.
Simulators are preferable whenever the Emulators are preferable whenever the
testing team needs to test the mobile's testing team needs to test the mobile's
internal behavior like its internal external behavior like calculating,
hardware, firmware, and so forth. making transactions, and so forth.
Simulators are written in high-level Emulators are written in machine-level
languages. assembly languages.
The simulators can be difficult in terms Emulators are more suitable when it
of debugging purpose. comes to debugging purpose
A simulator is just a partial re- An emulator comes as a complete re-
implementation of the original software. implementation of the original software.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T
 Virtualization - the use of software to emulate the functionality of
hardware for servers, networks and data storage - has become the
prevalent way for businesses to operate in today's corporate culture.
 There are many advantages to virtualization, including cost savings, fast
and easy scalability, and often less downtime and better functionality than
traditional hardware-based systems.
 Virtualization management does create some challenges that businesses
must address, however.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T
 Resource Distribution
The way virtualization partitions systems can result in varied ways -
some might function well, and others might not provide users
access to enough resources to meet their needs. Resource
distribution problems often occur in the shift to virtualization and
can be fixed by working on capacity planning with your service
provider.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T
 VM Sprawl

The ability to create as many virtual machines as you want can

lead to more VMs than are needed for the company to function.
VM sprawl may seem harmless, but it can exacerbate resource
distribution problems by diverting resources to VMs that aren't
even being used while those that are used and needed see
reduced functioning. Companies can avoid VM sprawl by
sticking to the number of VMs that are needed and adding more
when the time comes.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T
 Backward Compatibility
Many companies use legacy systems that can cause problems
with newer virtualized software and programs. Compatibility
issues can be time-consuming and difficult to resolve, but
vendors may be aware of these difficulties and be able to
suggest upgrades or workarounds to make sure everything
functions the way it should.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T

 Performance Monitoring
Virtualized systems don't lend themselves to the same kind of
performance monitoring as hardware like mainframes and
hard drives do. New tools like VM-Mark can create
benchmarks that measure performance on virtual networks
and make it possible to monitor performance and resource
usage.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T
 Backup
In a virtualized environment, there is no actual hard drive on
which data and systems can be backed up. This means
frequent software updates can make it difficult to access
backup at times. Software programs like Windows Server
Backup tools can make this process easier and allow backups
to be stored in one place for easier tracking and access.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T

 Security
Virtual systems could be vulnerable when users don’t keep
them secure and apply best practices for passwords or
downloads. The isolation of each VM by the system can
mitigate security risks and prevent systems from getting
breached or compromised.
CHALLENGE S IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRO N M E N T

Licensing Compliance
Using existing licensed software in a virtual environment
can lead to compliance issues if more VMs are created than
the company is licensed to use the software on. It's
important to keep track of how licensed software is being
used and to be sure compliance is maintained as the virtual
environment grows.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN VIRTUALIZED
ENVIRONMENTS

 Top 6 virtualization tools for

Developers.
1.VirtualBox
2.Microsoft Hyper-V
3.Vagrant
4. RedHat Virtualization
5.VMware Workstation

6.VMware Fusion
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
1. VirtualBox
Oracle VM VirtualBox is cross-platform virtualization software.
It allows users to extend their existing computer to run multiple
operating systems including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X,
Linux, and Oracle Solaris, at the same time.

While VirtualBox itself is free to use and is distributed under an

open-source license the VirtualBox Extension Pack is licensed
under the VirtualBox Personal Use and Evaluation License
(PUEL). Personal use is free but commercial users need to
purchase a license.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Features
 Snapshots of the RAM and storage allows reverting to a prior
state.
 Screenshots and screen video capture facility.
 Shared clipboard & shared folders through "guest additions"
software
 Ability to specify amount of shared RAM, video memory,
and CPU execution cap.
 Command line interaction (in addition to the GUI)
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

2. Microsoft Hyper-V
Microsoft released Hyper-V in 2016. Hyper-V is virtualization
software that, well, virtualizes software. It can not only
virtualize operating systems but also entire hardware
components, such as hard drives and network switches.

Unlike other virtualization tools, Hyper-V is not limited to the

user’s device. You can use it for server virtualization, too.
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Features
 Hardware virtualization.
 It can run multiple virtual machines.
 These virtual machines can be used with Azure. Thus, we
can say that Microsoft Hyper-V supports a cloud-based
platform
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
3. Vagrant
Vagrant is an open-source virtualization tool which
developed by Hashicorp and written in Ruby, but it can be
used in projects written in other programming languages
such as PHP, Python, Java, C#, and JavaScript.

This tool which works on command-line that provides a

framework and configuration format for creating,
managing and distributing virtualized development
environments.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Features
 Creates virtual machine based on an operating system of
your choice.
 Modifies the physical properties of this virtual machine
(e.g., RAM, number of CPUs etc.)
 Establishes network interfaces so that you can access
your virtual machine from your own computer, another
device on the same network, or even from another
virtual machine.
 Sets up shared folders so we can continue editing files
from both.
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
4. Red Hat Virtualization
This system was developed by Red Hat Software. It is
written in Java. Its first version was released in June 2010.
Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization, or RHEV, provides a
RHEL-based centralized management server with a web-
based interface for managing virtual machines (VMs) called
the RHEV Manager.

Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization is based on open standards

and works with Linux and Windows, as well as enterprise
applications like SAP and Oracle.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Features
 Applications run fast in virtualization as well. Hence in
the top features, they promise improved performance.
 It is an open-source system. So, we can make it, to
integrate with the systems as per your requirement.
 It is easy to setup, use and manage.
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

5. VMware Workstation
With the help of this system, you can run multiple OS. This
system is for Linux or Windows OS users.
This system is specially developed for IT professionals and
developers. It will help developers to develop the software
to be compatible for multiple OS/platform.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Features
 It supports multiple OS that can be run on Linux or
Windows PC.
 This system can work with the cloud - vSphere
Connectivity (VMware vSphere is a cloud-based platform
for virtualization).
 It will allow you to keep different privacy settings and
network configurations for another PC that is virtual.
 Transferring data to and from the virtual machine to your
PC is easier.
 Helpful Snapshot feature helps in software testing.
 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

6. VMware Fusion
VMware Fusion is an easy-to-use application that gives you
the possibility to set up and use a virtual machine of the
Windows operating system on your Intel-based Mac.

VMware Fusion gives Mac users the power to run Windows

on Mac along with hundreds of other operating systems side
by side with Mac applications, without rebooting. Fusion is
simple enough for home users and powerful enough for IT
professionals, developers and businesses.
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Features
 It provides solutions for IT professionals, developers, and
businesses.
 You can use multiple applications on different OS at the
same time. There will be no need to reboot.
 Fusion Pro provides facility to integrate with many
development tools.
 VMware Fusion can be connected with VMware
vSphere. vSphere provides a cloud-based platform for
virtualization.
Technologies in Virtualized Environment
1. Hardware Virtualization
 Hardware virtualization is done by abstracting the physical
hardware part by using VMM (virtual machine monitor) or
hypervisor. Hypervisor relies on command set extensions
in the processors to accelerate common virtualization tasks
for improving the performance.

 It provides a significant performance gain over software

virtualization by running some guest code directly on the
host hardware with limited or none assistance from the host
system
 The hypervisor software does the task of managing the shared
physical hardware resources between the guest operating system
and the host operating system. The hardware that is abstracted is
indicated as actual hardware.
 The main task that is performed by the hypervisor is to process
monitoring, memory, and hardware controlling. When hardware
virtualization is done, different operating systems can be
installed, and different applications can run on it.
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment
Types of Hardware Virtualization

 Full virtualization
In full virtualization, the hardware architecture is completely simulated.
Guest software doesn’t require any change to run applications.
 Emulation virtualization
In this, the virtual machine simulates the hardware, and the guest
operating system does not require any hardware.
 Para-virtualization
In Para-virtualization, the hardware is not simulated; rather the guest
software runs its isolated system.
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

Advantages of Hardware Virtualization

 Efficient resource virtualization

In hardware virtualization, physical resources can be shared
among virtual machines. In this, if there is needed for unused
resources allocated by one virtual machine can be used by
another virtual machine.
 Increase IT flexibility
By using virtualization, the fast development of hardware
resources became possible.
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

Advantages of Hardware Virtualization

 Low cost
Due to server consolidation, the cost is low, and multiple
operating systems can exist in a single hardware.
 Advanced hardware virtualization features
With the advancement of modern hypervisor, more difficult
operations maximize the abstraction of hardware and ensure
maximum
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

2. Software Virtualization

 Software virtualization is also called application

virtualization. Software virtualization is the same as
virtualization but can abstract the software installation
procedure and create virtual software installations.

 Examples: VMware software, virtual box, etc.

 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

2. Software Virtualization

 Most of the applications and their distributions became

difficult tasks for IT firms and departments. The mechanism
for installing an application varies. So, to solve this type of
problem, virtualized software is introduced, which is an
application that will be installed into its self-contained unit
and provide software virtualization.
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

2. Software Virtualization

 The host system needs to completely emulate guest's

platform. The advantage is that host and guest platforms are
independent. The disadvantage is that this approach is very
slow and resource consuming (since we have to emulate
everything).
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

Advantages of Software Virtualization

 Client deployment became easier

We can easily install virtual software by copying a file to a
workstation or linking a file in a network.

 Easy to manage
Software virtualization is easy to maintain. You only need to
update at one place and deploy the virtual update application to
all cloud.
 Technologies in Virtualized Environment

Advantages of Software Virtualization

 Software migration
Without software virtualization, moving from one software
platform to another platform takes more time for deploying and
impact on an end-user system with the support of virtualized
software environment support the– migration became easier.
 Architecture of Hypervisors
 The first virtualization was performed on IBM mainframes. The
code that was developed solved a particular issue by managing
available memory resources more effectively, and that code is an
ancestor to the much more sophisticated descendants we rely on
today.

 The first virtual machine monitors were used for the

development and debugging of operating systems because they
provided a sandbox for programmers to test rapidly and
repeatedly, without using all of the resources of the hardware.
 Architecture of Hypervisors
 Soon they added the ability to run multiple environments
concurrently, carving the hardware resources into virtual servers
that could each run their own operating system. This model is
what evolved into today’s hypervisors.
 Without a hypervisor, an operating system communicates
directly with the hardware. Disk operations go directly to the
disk subsystem, and memory calls are fetched directly from the
physical memory. When more than one operating system want
simultaneous control of the hardware, which would result in
chaos.
 Architecture of Hypervisors
 The structure of a VMM is simple. It consists of a layer of
software that lives between the hardware, or host, and the virtual
machines that it supports. These virtual machines, or VMs are
also called guests. Figure below is a simple illustration of the
virtual machine monitor architecture.
Architecture of Hypervisors

• At the highest level, a hypervisor is an arbiter of resources. It is software

that sits between the physical resources on a physical server and the
virtual machines that run on that server.
• In to allocation, hypervisors
addition
environment resource provide a virtual workloads,
communicationfor between workloads and to thevirtual
enable outside world,
networks and offer
various forms of clustering for high availability.
for
those
•The original virtual machine monitor (VMM) was created to
solve a specific problem. However, VMMs have evolved into
something quite different, so much so that the term virtual machine
manager has fallen out of favor and has been replaced with the
term hypervisor.
•Today’s hypervisors allow us to make better use of the ever-faster
processors that regularly appear in the commercial market and to
more efficiently use the larger and denser memory offerings that
come along with those newer processors.
•Hypervisor is a layer of software that resides below the virtual
machines and above the hardware.
•Without a hypervisor, an operating system communicates directly
with the hardware beneath it. Disk operations go directly to the
disk subsystem, and memory calls are fetched directly from the
physical memory.
•Without a hypervisor, more than one operating system from
multiple virtual machines would want simultaneous control of the
hardware, which would result in chaos. The hypervisor manages
the interactions between each virtual machine and the
hardware that the guests all share.
•The structure of a VMM is fairly simple. It consists of a layer of
software that lives between the hardware, or host, and the virtual
machines that it supports. These virtual machines, or VMs are
also called guests. Figure below is a simple illustration of the
virtual machine monitor architecture.
 U N D E RSTA N D I N G H YPERVISORS

 There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 and Type 2

hypervisors.
 Both hypervisor varieties can virtualize common
elements such as CPU, memory and networking, but
based on its location in the stack, the hypervisor
virtualizes these elements differently.
•Aside from having better performance characteristics, Type 1
hypervisors are also considered to be more secure than Type 2
hypervisors.
•Guest operations are handed off and, as such, a guest cannot affect
the hypervisor on which it is supported.
•A virtual machine can damage only itself, causing a single guest crash, but
that event does not escape the VM boundaries. Other guests continue
processing, and the hypervisor is unaffected as well.
•Less processing overhead is required for a Type 1 hypervisor, which
means that more virtual machines can be run on each host.
 TYPE 1 HYPERVISORS

Figure illustrates a
simple architecture
of a Type 1
hypervisor.
Type 1 hypervisors

 A Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the host machine's

physical hardware, and it's referred to as a bare-metal
hypervisor. It doesn't have to load an underlying OS and have
a direct access to the underlying hardware. So, type 1
hypervisors are regarded as the most efficient and best-
performing hypervisors available for enterprise computing.
Type 1 hypervisors

 Hypervisors that run directly on physical hardware are also

highly secure. Virtualization mitigates the risk of attacks that
target security flaws and vulnerabilities in OSes because each
guest has its own OS. This ensures an attack on a guest VM is
logically isolated to that VM and can't spread to others running
on the same hardware.
 Developers might use a Type 1 hypervisor to create VMs for
testing.
 TYPE 1 HYPERVISORS

Figure illustrates a
guest failure in a Type
1 hypervisor.
TYPE 1 HYPERVISORS
Type 2 hypervisors

 A Type 2 hypervisor is typically installed on top of an existing

OS. It is sometimes called a hosted hypervisor because it relies
on the host machine's preexisting OS to manage calls to CPU,
memory, storage and network resources.

 Type 2 hypervisors are generally not used for data center

computing and are reserved for client or end-user systems
(sometimes called client hypervisors) where performance and
security are lesser concerns.
Type 2 hypervisors

 They also come at a lower cost than Type 1 hypervisors and

make an ideal test platform compared to production virtualized
environments or the cloud.
 IT organizations typically use Type 1 hypervisors to create
virtual desktops.
TYPE 2 HYPERVISORS
 TYPE 2 HYPERVISORS
•One benefit of this model is that it can support a large range of
hardware because that is inherited from the operating system it uses.
•Often Type 2 hypervisors are easy to install and deploy because much
of the hardware configuration work, such as networking and storage,
has already been covered by the operating system.
•Type 2 hypervisors are not as efficient as Type 1 hypervisors
because of this extra layer between the hypervisor itself and the
hardware.
 TYPE 2 HYPERVISORS
•Type 2 hypervisors are also less reliable because there are more points of
failure: anything that affects the availability of the underlying operating
system also can impact the hypervisor and the guests it supports.
•For example, standard operating system patches that require a system
reboot would also force reboots of all the virtual machines on that host.
•A Type 2 hypervisor deployment uses more physical resources than a
Type 1 hypervisor from the standpoint that the underlying operating
system consumes system resources in addition to those consumed by
the hypervisor’s activities.
 TYPE 2 HYPERVISORS

•Type 2 hypervisors are typically used in desktop development

environments when a single developer is working on one or more
virtual machines in building an application.
•In this case, the hypervisor is actually just an additional desktop
application for that developer. Contrast this with a Type 1
hypervisor deployment where the sole function of the physical
server is the hosting of virtual machines and no other applications
need to run on that hardware.
TYPE 2 HYPERVISORS
 HYPERVISORS
 Hardware support

 Hardware acceleration technologies are widely available

for virtualization's tasks. Such technologies include Intel
Virtualization Technology extensions for Intel processors
and AMD Virtualization extensions for AMD processors.

 Both Type 1 and Type 2 hypervisors use hardware

acceleration support, but to varying degrees.
HYPERVISORS
Hardware support

 Type 1 hypervisors rely on hardware acceleration

technologies and typically don't function without those
technologies available and enabled through the system's
BIOS.

 Type 2 hypervisors are generally capable of using

hardware acceleration technologies if those features are
available, but they can typically fall back on software
emulation in the absence of native hardware support.
 Type 1 hypervisor vendors

 Microsoft Hyper-V
 Oracle VM
 VMware vSphere
 Citrix Hypervisor
 KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine)
 Xen hypervisor
 Type 2 hypervisor vendors

 Oracle VM VirtualBox
 VMware Workstation Pro
 VMware Fusion
 QEMU (Quick Emulator)
 Parallels Desktop
 DIFFERENCE B E T W E E N VIRTUALIZATION A N D
VIRTUAL C O M P U T I N G .
 Virtualization is technology that lets you create useful IT
services using resources that are traditionally bound to
hardware. It allows you to use a physical machine’s full
capacity by distributing its capabilities among many users or
environments.
 Virtual computing refers to the use of a remote computer from a
local computer where the actual computer user is located.
 DIFFERENCE B E T W E E N VIRTUALIZATION A N D
VIRTUAL C O M P U T I N G .
 Virtual computing makes one computer act and perform like many
computers. Through virtual computing providers, users can
download and use more than one operating system and perform a
multitude of functions at the same time through a single mouse
click and receive all the benefits of additional programs and
hardware without having to purchase or install them on their own
computer.
 Executives can check their company e-mail on the road, students
can take classes from home and managers can keep up with
documents stored on internal servers from anywhere in the world.
 DIFFERENCE B E T W E E N VIRTUALIZATION A N D
VIRTUAL C O M P U T I N G .
 Virtual computing makes one computer act and perform like many
computers. Through virtual computing providers, users can
download and use more than one operating system and perform a
multitude of functions at the same time through a single mouse
click and receive all the benefits of additional programs and
hardware without having to purchase or install them on their own
computer.
 Executives can check their company e-mail on the road, students
can take classes from home and managers can keep up with
documents stored on internal servers from anywhere in the world.