STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES AND ARCHITECTURE
Presented by:
Sandeep Tonk
Tushar Srivastav Anil Kumar Abhinav Banerji Pulkit Mohan
System Architecture
Application Software Application Layer
User
System
Command layer Device driver/kernel layer
Operating Software system
Hardware
Hardware
Memory Classification
Hierarchy:
Cache Primary memory (RAM) Secondary storage(HARD DISK)
Volatility:
RAM ROM
Technology:
Static RAM Dynamic RAM
BASICS OF STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Disk drive (HDD) is a nonvolatile, random access digital magnetic data storage device. It features rotating rigid platters on a motor-driven spindle within a protective enclosure. Data is magnetically read from and written to the platter by read/write heads that float on a film of air above the platters.
Roadmap for Storage Technology
DAS
FC SAN NAS
iSCSI SAN
iSCSI
Fibre Channel Network Attached Storage
SCSI
IDE/ATA
DAS (Direct Attached Storage)
Popular DAS Standards
Server A Server B
IDE/ATA
(Industry Drive Electronics / AT Attachment )
SCSI
(Small Computer Systems Interface)
SATA
(Serial AT Attachment)
IDE/ATA
Most popular standard for PC drives Drive electronics is integrated on the drive
media
Max. 2 ATA/IDE devices in Master , Slave mode
over single channel.
Bus width : 16 bits Max possible data transfer rate : 100 MB/s.
Limitations of IDE/ATA
not suitable for data intensive applications
low data transfer rate limited scalability ideal for PC and low end servers
SAN (Storage Area Network)
Interface used is Fibre Channel (FC) be connected
File System Control
Maximum 16 million devices can Distances up to 10km between
devices
Fibre channel switch
Data Transfer rates up to 2Gbps Highly reliable
B
Disk array
Fibre Channel (FC)
Marriage of networking and storage architectures
High speed , serial interconnect standard
Provides bi-directional, point-to-point data
channel
Allows block level access of data Has layered architecture similar to OSI model Support for various topologies
Limitations of SAN
Poor interoperability High Cost
Difficult to manage Weak Security Scalability is a concern in complex
deployments
FC is not a routable protocol
NAS (Network Attached Storage)
Uses TCP/IP network for connecting to
storage
Provides file level access to the storage Highly scalable especially in
heterogeneous environment
Brings Ethernet economics to storage
Architecture Differences
iSAN :Enterprise Storage Future
iSAN : SANs built on iSCSI protocol iSCSI (internet small computer system
interface) is TCP/IP-based protocol for establishing and managing connections between IP-based storage devices, hosts and clients
iSCSI is a block access protocol, allows
SCSI access over TCP/IP networks
Advantages of IP Storage
Familiar Network technology and management
oReduces training costs Increased reliability Scalability over long distances
o Enables remote data replication and DR Brings Ethernet economics to storage
RAID Technology
RAID is Redundant Array of Independent/
Inexpensive Disks
Increased Data Storage
Advantages of RAID:
Improved Data Protection
Enhanced Performance
RAID Technology
Various RAID Levels
RAID 0 ( Striping)
RAID 1 (Mirroring)
RAID 10 / RAID 1+0 (Mirroring + Striping) RAID 3 (Independent Striping plus parity)
RAID 5 (Independent Striping plus distributed parity
RAID 0 (Striping)
Drive 1 Drive 2
Block 1
Block 3
Block 5 Block 7
Block 2 Block 4 Block 6 Block 8
Increased storage capacity Improved performance
No redundancy : not suitable for critical data Min. no. of disks : 2
RAID 1 (Mirroring)
Drive 1 Drive 2
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3 Block 4
Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 4
Increased redundancy Improved read performance
Poor write performance Min no. of disks : 2
RAID 10 (Mirroring + Striping)
Drive 1 Drive 2 Drive 3 Drive 4
Block 1
Block 2
Block 3
Block 5 Block 7
Block 4
Block 6 Block 8
Block 1 Block3 Block 5 Block 7
Block 2 Block 4 Block6 Block 8
Increased redundancy Improved read performance
Poor write performance Min no. of disks : 4
RAID 3 (Striping + Parity)
Drive 1 Drive 2 Parity Drive
Bit1
Bit 3
Bit 5
Bit 2 Bit4 Bit 6
Parity 1-2 Parity 3-4 Parity 5-6
Increased redundancy through parity data Improved read /write performance
Single point of failure is parity drive Min no. of disks : 3
RAID 5 (Striping + Distributed Parity)
Drive 1 Drive 2 Drive 3
Block 1 Block 2 Parity 3-4 Block 5 Block 8 Parity 1- 2
Block 3 Parity 5-6
Block 7
Block 4
Block 6 Parity 7-8
Increased redundancy through distributed parity data Improved read /write performance
Min no. of disks : 3
Q/A ?
THANK YOU
